Patients with COVID-19 and Prone Positioning: An Integrative Review

Aim: Describe nursing research that has studied prone positioning in patients with COVID-19 and the outcomes. Background: Prone positioning has been a well-studied intervention in patients experiencing acute respiratory distress syndrome. The intervention has proven to provide beneficial physiological effects. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Key search terms were: Covid-19, Coronavirus, outcomes, and prone position. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were outlined and the articles examined for each. Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) integrative approach was used to conduct this review. Discussion: This review evaluated the different criteria physicians utilized in their decision to implement prone positioning in patients with COVID-19; the onset, duration, and frequency of the intervention; and the patient outcomes. This information provides members of the healthcare team with the knowledge to create and implement policy that supports best practice. Conclusion: This review examined evidence of prone positioning in patients with COVID-19. The beneficial effects of prone positioning in patients with COVID-19 were identified as well as the potential limitations. The review also acknowledged where additional research is needed to further the understanding and improve the implementation of prone positioning in patients with COVID-19. Keywords: Covid-19, Coronavirus, outcomes, and prone positio

Factors That Influence School Nurses\u27s Intent To Report Child Maltreatment

Introduction: Child maltreatment is a global problem that causes harm to the well-being of a child that extends to adulthood. In the United States alone, there are 158,900 child victims in 2019 and 1,779 child fatalities. Despite national attention and the availability of child abuse education, the victimization statistics have remained essentially unchanged in the last 11 years. Nurses are mandated reporters of child maltreatment. School nurses are frequent observers in a child’s life, thus leaving them uniquely qualified for real-time assessment. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors correlate with the school nurse’s intent to report child maltreatment. Specific Aim 1: To determine demographic (age, level of education, years of experience as a school nurse, location) frequencies of school nurses who work with child maltreatment. In addition, school nurses’ knowledge scores and attitudes toward reporting child maltreatment will be measured.Specific Aim 2: To determine significant differences in rural vs. non-rural school nurses’ knowledge scores, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward the intent to report child maltreatment. Specific Aim 3: To determine the relationships among school nurses’ demographics, knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward the intent to report child maltreatment. Hypothesis: Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control factors will significantly predict school nurses’ intent to report child maltreatment. Methods: This study uses the Child Abuse Report Intention Scale (CARIS) (Feng & Wu, 2008) based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) to determine the school nurses’ intent to report child maltreatment. Four independent variables (predictors): knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are evaluated for correlation to the dependent variable, the intent to report child maltreatment through the survey tool. The participants were recruited from a randomized email sent to the National Association of School Nurses membership list. Data collection was achieved by developing a survey link through UND Qualtrics; this link was provided to the participants through email. The completed survey was analyzed using SPSS descriptive and correlational statistics to determine the outcomes related to the specific aims. Results: This survey indicated that school nurses have Knowledge of Child Abuse and have appropriate Attitudes about Child Abuse and reporting. School nurses identified barriers to reporting as mainly time to report, the difficulty of the reporting process, lack of administrative report, fear of repercussions for the child and themselves, and lack of response or action by child protective services. Additionally, school nurses’ identified the need for additional education on the signs and symptoms of child maltreatment to be confident in reporting maltreatment that does not exhibit overt physical signs

Optimisation of pressurized liquid extraction using a multivariate chemometric approach for the determination of anticancer drugs in sludge by ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The present paper describes an analytical method for the determination of 2 widely administered anticancer drugs, ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide, contained in sewage sludge. The method relies on the extraction from the solid matrix by pressurized liquid extraction, sample purification by solid-phase extraction and analysis by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized using an experimental design. Solvent nature was the most decisive factor for the extraction but interactions between some parameters also appeared very influent. The method was applied to seven different types of sludge for validation. The performances of the analytical method displayed high variability between sludges with limits of detection spanning more than one order of magnitude and confirming the relevance of multi-sample validation. Matrix effect has been determined as the most limiting analytical step for quantification with different extent depending on analyte and sludge nature. For each analyte, the use of deuterated standard spiked at the very beginning ensured the complete compensation of losses regardless of the sample nature. The suitability of the method between freshly spiked and aged samples has also been verified. The optimized method was applied to different sludge samples to determine the environmental levels of anticancer drugs. The compounds were detected in some samples reaching 42.5 μg/kgDM in ifosfamide for the most contaminated sample

Chiral Spin Textures of Strongly Interacting Particles in Quantum Dots

We probe for statistical and Coulomb induced spin textures among the low-lying states of repulsively-interacting particles confined to potentials that are both rotationally and time-reversal invariant. In particular, we focus on two-dimensional quantum dots and employ configuration-interaction techniques to directly compute the correlated many-body eigenstates of the system. We produce spatial maps of the single-particle charge and spin density and verify the annular structure of the charge density and the rotational invariance of the spin field. We further compute two-point spin correlations to determine the correlated structure of a single component of the spin vector field. In addition, we compute three-point spin correlation functions to uncover chiral structures. We present evidence for both chiral and quasi-topological spin textures within energetically degenerate subspaces in the three- and four-particle system.Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures, 1 tabl

Hunting for landslides in St Lucia

Dr Colm Jordan and Dr Tom Dijkstra have both just returned from a trip to the Caribbean. This may sound like a glamorous location, but their work is associated with more serious matters