Comercio informal y el espacio urbano en el centro de Ambato

Ambato, al igual que muchas ciudades andinas, conserva la tradición de realizar el comercio de productos, principalmente agrícolas, en las plazas y mercados populares, en un día específico, el “día de feria”. Pero esta tradición ha traído conflictos y retos para la consolidación del centro urbano. La red de plazas y mercados que posee la ciudad, se ha visto sobrepasada por los problemas urbanos, en especial por el comercio informal. El gobierno municipal, con el afán de mejorar la infraestructura de esta red, ha realizado intervenciones en los diferentes establecimientos, pero sin cambiar la situación. El comercio informal se ha tomado los espacios urbanos del centro de la ciudad, principalmente alrededor de los mercados. Este problema trasciende en los días de feria, cuando las vías y aceras son ocupadas por los comerciantes informales, impidiendo la circulación durante varias horas. A su vez, esta problemática afecta al funcionamiento de los mercados, donde se evidencia la ausencia de clientes en el interior, sumado a esto algunos presentan afectaciones físicas y funcionales. Por esto la presente investigación evalúa los mercados y plazas para determinar las acciones que deben ser implementadas en cada caso, sea: remodelación, repotenciación comercial o reubicación. Intervenciones deben ser pensadas como un plan de acción que integre todo el centro de Ambato. Se debe considerar una actualización del concepto arquitectónico funcional que tienen los actuales establecimientos adaptado a las necesidades de la sociedad de hoy en día

La comprensión lectora y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del cuarto año de educación General Básica.

La investigación nos ha permitido evidenciar por qué es tan difícil fortalecer e1 hábito lector en nuestros educandos: la mayoría de las intervenciones de animación a la lectura son actividades aisladas, pegadas una al lado de la otra sin buscar la continuidad ni la relación. Al mismo tiempo, en los salones de clase se siguen utilizando métodos impropios en torno a la lectura en los que el docente se preocupa poco de estimular las motivaciones internas de los niños y reparte café para todos; es decir, no se particulariza al máximo el proceso en busca de la construcción de itinerarios lectores auténticamente individuales y únicos. En muchos salones de clase se inicia la técnica lectora olvidando que los aprendizajes han de ser significativos y comprensivos, entre otras cosas para que resulten adecuados para el niño. Se da poca oportunidad, tiempo para la lectura libre, espontánea, informal y voluntaria. Nuestra propuesta consiste en diseñar una biblioteca con textos de diversos géneros para mejorar la comprensión lectora, con un manual que será de gran ayuda para su correcto uso. Este manual será muy útil para que los docentes motiven a los estudiante' para que se interesen por la lectura

Aplicación de extractos vegetales para prolongar la vida útil de Ternasco de Aragón en refrigeración

La refrigeración y el envasado en atmósfera protectora (EAP) están ampliamente descritos como métodos de conservación para mantener la frescura y prolongar la vida útil de la carne. La adición de antioxidantes naturales podría tener un efecto significativo en la reducción de la oxidación lipídica y la pérdida del color característico de la carne fresca durante el almacenamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la pulverización con extracto de té o borraja a diferentes concentraciones sobre las características físico-químicas, microbiológicas y organolépticas de chuletas Ternasco de Aragón envasadas en atmósfera protectora (40% O2/30% CO2/30% Ar) mantenidas en refrigeración (4ºC±1ºC) durante 13 días. Las chuletas se dividieron en ocho grupos asignándoles distintos tratamientos: pulverizado con extracto de té al 0,005%, 0,05%, 0,5% y 5%, pulverizado con extracto de borraja al 0,5%, 5% y 10% y sin pulverizar. Todas las muestras fueron envasadas en bandejas con atmósfera protectora y almacenadas con 14 horas de luz al día durante 13 días a 4ºC±1. Se realizaron análisis físico-químicos (pH, color y oxidación lipídica), microbiológicos (recuentos de psicrótrofos aerobios totales, Pseudomonas spp., enterobacterias y bacterias acidolácticas) y sensoriales. Respecto al color, las muestras tratadas con extracto de té al 0,5% obtuvieron valores elevados en el índice de rojo (a*) y mantuvieron los valores de luminosidad (L*), resultando el tratamiento más efectivo en la conservación del color de la carne fresca. Respecto al pH, no se observaron grandes diferencias entre tratamientos a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos en cuanto a oxidación lipídica, resultando los tratamientos con té al 5% y borraja al 10% totalmente efectivos en su inhibición, mientras que el tratamiento con 0,005% té tuvo un claro efecto prooxidante. Los análisis microbiológicos apuntan a que ninguno de los tratamientos posee actividad antimicrobiana. En cuanto al análisis sensorial, el único tratamiento que resultó aceptable para el panel tras 8 días de almacenamiento fue el té al 0.5%, quedando los demás descartados por intensidad de olor/flavor rancio o extraño. De acuerdo con los resultados, se puede concluir que el tratamiento con extracto de té al 0,5% mantuvo con mayor efectividad las características organolépticas y la vida útil de la carne de cordero por más tiempo

Challenges in Diabetic Macular Edema Management: An Expert Consensus Report

Purpose: This paper aimed to present daily-practice recommendations for the management of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients based on available scientific evidence and the clinical experience of the consensus panel. Methods: A group of Spanish retina experts agreed to discuss different aspects related with the clinical management of DME patients. Results: Panel was mainly focused on therapeutic objectives in DME management; defini-tion terms; and role of biomarkers as prognostic and predictive factors to intravitreal treatment response. The panel recommends to start DME treatment as soon as possible in those eyes with a visual acuity less than 20/25 (always according to the retina unit capacity). Naive patient was defined, in a strict manner, as a patient who, up to that moment, had never received any treatment. A refractory DME patient may be defined as the one who did not achieve a complete resolution of the disease, regardless of the treatment administered. Different optical coherence tomography biomarkers, such as disorganization of the retinal inner layers, hyperreflective dots, and cysts, have been identified as prognostic factors. Conclusion: This document has sought to lay down a set of recommendations and to identify key issues that may be useful for the daily management of DME patients

Look-alike humans identified by facial recognition algorithms show genetic similarities

The human face is one of the most visible features of our unique identity as individuals. Interestingly, monozygotic twins share almost identical facial traits and the same DNA sequence but could exhibit differences in other biometrical parameters. The expansion of the world wide web and the possibility to exchange pictures of humans across the planet has increased the number of people identified online as virtual twins or doubles that are not family related. Herein, we have characterized in detail a set of “look-alike” humans, defined by facial recognition algorithms, for their multiomics landscape. We report that these individuals share similar genotypes and differ in their DNA methylation and microbiome landscape. These results not only provide insights about the genetics that determine our face but also might have implications for the establishment of other human anthropometric properties and even personality characteristics.This work was funded by the governments of Catalonia (2017SGR1080) and Spain (RTI2018-094049-B-I00, SAF2014-55000, and TIN2017-90124-P) and the Cellex Foundation

Reporte del proyecto: Planeación jurídica para prevención de riesgos de empresas tecnológicas

Documento que describe el trabajo realizado en asesoria a las empresas del Parque Tecnológico del ITESO, por cuestiones de confidencialidad se suprime la información de las empresas y se registra sin anexos.ITESO, A.C

Temperature dependence of plankton community metabolism in the subtropical and tropical oceans

Here we assess the temperature dependence of the metabolic rates (gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR), and the ratio GPP/CR) of oceanic plankton communities. We compile data from 133 stations of the Malaspina 2010 Expedition, distributed among the subtropical and tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. We used the in vitro technique to measured metabolic rates during 24 h incubations at three different sampled depths: surface, 20%, and 1% of the photosynthetically active radiation measured at surface. We also measured the % of ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) penetrating at surface waters. GPP and CR rates increased with warming, albeit different responses were observed for each sampled depth. The overall GPP/CR ratio declined with warming. Higher activation energies (Ea) were derived for both processes (GPPChla = 0.97; CRChla = 1.26; CRHPA = 0.95 eV) compared to those previously reported. The Indian Ocean showed the highest Ea (GPPChla = 1.70; CRChla = 1.48; CRHPA = 0.57 eV), while the Atlantic Ocean showed the lowest (GPPChla = 0.86; CRChla = 0.77; CRHPA = 0.13 eV). We believe that the difference between previous assessments and the ones presented here can be explained by the overrepresentation of Atlantic communities in the previous data sets. We found that UVB radiation also affects the temperature dependence of surface GPP, which decreased rather than increased under high levels of UVB. Ocean warming, which causes stratification and oligotrophication of the subtropical and tropical oceans, may lead to reduced surface GPP as a result of increased penetration of UVB radiation.En prens

Accurate and timely diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis improves over time in Europe. An analysis of the EoE CONNECT Registry

BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to clinical practice guidelines for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been described and the diagnostic delay of the disease continues to be unacceptable in many settings. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of improved knowledge provided by the successive international clinical practice guidelines on reducing diagnostic delay and improving the diagnostic process for European patients with EoE. METHODS: Cross‐sectional analysis of the EoE CONNECT registry based on clinical practice. Time periods defined by the publication dates of four major sets of guidelines over 10 years were considered. Patients were grouped per time period according to date of symptom onset. RESULTS: Data from 1,132 patients was analyzed and median (IQR) diagnostic delay in the whole series was 2.1 (0.7‐6.2) years. This gradually decreased over time with subsequent release of new guidelines (p < 0.001), from 12.7 years up to 2007 to 0.7 years after 2017. The proportion of patients with stricturing of mixed phenotypes at the point of EoE diagnosis also decreased over time (41.3% vs. 16%; p < 0.001), as did EREFS scores. The fibrotic sub‐score decreased from a median (IQR) of 2 (1‐2) to 0 (0‐1) when patients whose symptoms started up to 2007 and after 2017 were compared (p < 0.001). In parallel, symptoms measured with the Dysphagia Symptoms Score reduced significantly when patients with symptoms starting before 2007 and after 2012 were compared. A reduction in the number of endoscopies patients underwent before the one that achieved an EoE diagnosis, and the use of allergy testing as part of the diagnostic workout of EoE, also reduced significantly over time (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic work‐up of EoE patients improved substantially over time at the European sites contributing to EoE CONNECT, with a dramatic reduction in diagnostic delay

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery