Transferability of deep learning models in searches for new physics at colliders

In this work we assess the transferability of deep learning models to detect beyond the standard model signals. For this we trained deep neural networks on three different signal models: tZ production via a flavor changing neutral current, pair production of vectorlike T-quarks via standard model gluon fusion and via a heavy gluon decay in a grid of three mass points: 1, 1.2 and 1.4 TeV. These networks were trained with t¯t, Z+jets and dibosons as the main backgrounds. Limits were derived for each signal benchmark using the inference of networks trained on each signal independently, so that we can quantify the degradation of their discriminative power across different signal processes. We determine that the limits are compatible within uncertainties for all networks trained on signals with vectorlike T-quarks, whether they are produced via heavy gluon decay or standard model gluon fusion. The network trained on flavor changing neutral current signal, while struggling the most on the other signals, still produces reasonable limits. These results indicate that deep learning models are capable of providing sensitivity in the search for new physics even if it manifests itself in models not assumed during training.We would like to thank A. Peixoto and J. Santiago foruseful discussions and help with signal generation. We alsoacknowledge the support from FCT Portugal, Lisboa2020,Compete2020, Portugal2020 and FEDER under ProjectNo. PTDC/FIS-PAR/29147/2017 and through GrantNo. PD/BD/135435/2017. The computational part of thiswork was supported by Infraestrutura Nacional deComputação Distribuída (INCD) (funded by FCT andFEDER under Project No. 01/SAICT/2016 n° 022153)and by the Minho Advanced Computing Center (MACC).The Titan Xp GPU card used for the training of the deepneural networks developed for this project was kindlydonated by the NVIDIA Corporation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tree type and forest management effects on the structure of strem wood following wilfires

Wildfires are an increasingly common disturbance influencing wood recruitment to streams, and thereby affecting their physical and biological condition. Mediterranean countries such as Portugal, where more than 25% of the land area has burned since 1990, are ideal areas to study impacts of wildfire effects on streams. We evaluated the physical structure of 2206 downed wood pieces (DWP) across 27 first- to third-order streams in central Portugal, all of which had experienced recent wildfires. The streams flowed through monospecific upland forests of Eucalyptus, Maritime pines, or Cork oaks and were fringed by a mixture of riparian tree species. DWP structure differed between tree types and between burned and unburned pieces. Post-fire timber-production forests (Maritime pines and Eucalyptus) contributed a higher quantity of thinner, longer and straighter DWP to streams than Cork oak stands. Pieces from Maritime pines had more rootwads and branches than DWP from the other tree types. Pieces from Cork oak and riparian species generally had a bent form, were shorter and had no rootwads. Burned DWP in streams were often from riparian trees. Relative to unburned DWP, the burned DWP occurred more frequently, were larger and straighter, had branches less often, and were more decayed. With more complex branches, rootwads, and a larger diameter, inputs from burned Maritime pine forests are more likely to change stream hydraulics and habitat complexity, relative to inputs from Eucalyptus forests with their simpler structure. This study shows that, less than a decade after wildfires, structure of downed wood in and near streams is strongly influenced by wildfire, but also still reflects intrinsic species characteristics and respective silviculture practices, even after the effects of fire have been accounted for. Under an anticipated shift in landscape cover with higher shrubland proportions and more mixing of Maritime pine and Eucalyptus forests, our results suggest that instream large wood will become scarcer and more structurally homogeneous

The role of corticosteroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-04-04T12:26:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeIF_Salluh_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 215501 bytes, checksum: fb18fede448c1eb9f08f5dc05c97d47c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-04-04T12:37:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeIF_Salluh_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 215501 bytes, checksum: fb18fede448c1eb9f08f5dc05c97d47c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-04T12:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeIF_Salluh_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 215501 bytes, checksum: fb18fede448c1eb9f08f5dc05c97d47c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Hospital de São Francisco Xavier. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Médica. Lisboa, Portugal.Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Introduction: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the impact of corticosteroids on the outcomes of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: We performed a systematic MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and CINAHL search (1966 to November 2007) to identify full-text publications that evaluated the use of corticosteroids in CAP. Results: An initial literature search yielded 109 articles, and 105 studies were excluded after the first analysis. We found four studies eligible for analysis. On the basis of their results, the use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in severe CAP should be categorized as a weak recommendation (two studies) and a strong recommendation (two studies) with either low- or moderate-quality evidence. However, no evidence of adverse outcomes or harm is present in the evaluated studies. Conclusion: According to the GRADE system, available studies do not support the recommendation of corticosteroids as a standard of care for patients with severe CAP. Further randomized controlled trials with this aim should enroll a larger number of severely ill patients. However, in patients needing corticosteroids, it may be reasonable to conclude that corticosteroid administration is safe in patients with severe infections receiving antimicrobial therapy

Experimental exploration of ErB2_2 and SHAP analysis on a machine-learned model of magnetocaloric materials for materials design

Stimulated by a recent report of a giant magnetocaloric effect in HoB$_2$ found via machine-learning predictions, we have explored the magnetocaloric properties of a related compound ErB$_2$, that has remained the last ferromagnetic material among the rare-earth diboride (REB$_2$) family with unreported magnetic entropy change |{\Delta}SM|. The evaluated $|\Delta S_M|$ at field change of 5 T in ErB$_2$ turned out to be as high as 26.1 (J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$) around the ferromagnetic transition (${T_C}$) of 14 K. In this series, HoB$_2$ is found to be the material with the largest $|\Delta S_M|$ as the model predicted, while the predicted values showed a deviation with a systematic error compared to the experimental values. Through a coalition analysis using SHAP, we explore how this rare-earth dependence and the deviation in the prediction are deduced in the model. We further discuss how SHAP analysis can be useful in clarifying favorable combinations of constituent atoms through the machine-learned model with compositional descriptors. This analysis helps us to perform materials design with aid of machine learning of materials data.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures. Accepted manuscript. Published by Taylor & Francis in STAM:Methods, available at https://doi.org/10.1080/27660400.2023.221747

Compilation, revision, and annotation of DNA barcodes of marine invertebrate Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) occurring in european coastal regions

The script developed to create the DNA sequence reference library is available at https://github.com/tadeu95/Curated-BINs-Reference-Library (accessed on 25 January 2023). Metabarcoding datasets will be made available upon request since they belong to a study that is not published yet.The introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is one of the major threats to the integrity of European coastal ecosystems. DNA-based assessments have been increasingly adopted for monitoring NIS. However, the accuracy of DNA-based taxonomic assignments is largely dependent on the completion and reliability of DNA barcode reference libraries. As such, we aimed to compile and audit a DNA barcode reference library for marine invertebrate NIS occurring in Europe. To do so, we compiled a list of NIS using three databases: the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN), the Information System on Aquatic Non-indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS), and the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS). For each species, we retrieved the available cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene sequences from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and used the Barcode, Audit & Grade System (BAGS) to check congruence between morphospecies names and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). From the 1249 species compiled, approximately 42% had records on BOLD, among which 56% were discordant. We further analyzed these cases to determine the causes of the discordances and attributed additional annotation tags. Of the 622 discordant BINs, after revision, 35% were successfully solved, which increased the number of NIS detected in metabarcoding datasets from 12 to 16. However, a fair number of BINs remained discordant. Reliability of reference barcode records is particularly critical in the case of NIS, where erroneous identification may trigger action or inaction when not required.This research was funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT I.P.), grant number PTDC/BIA-BMA/29754/2017 (NIS-DNA: Early detection and monitoring of non-indigenous species (NIS) in coastal ecosystems based on high-throughput sequencing tools) and by the “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020. Financial support granted by the FCT I.P. to S.D. (CEECIND/00667/2017) is also acknowledged. A.S.L. (UI/BD/150871/2021) and J.T.F. (UI/BD/150910/2021) are supported by the Collaboration Protocol for Financing the Multiannual Research Grants Plan for Doctoral Students with financial support from FCT I.P. and the European Social Fund under the Northern Regional Operational Program—Norte2020

Cardiovascular responses to passive static flexibility exercises are influenced by the stretched muscle mass and the Valsalva maneuver

BACKGROUND: The respiratory pattern is often modified or even blocked during flexibility exercises, but little is known about the cardiovascular response to concomitant stretching and the Valsalva maneuver (VM) in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rate-pressure product (RPP) during and after large and small muscle group flexibility exercises performed simultaneously with the VM. METHODS: Asymptomatic volunteers (N = 22) with the following characteristics were recruited: age, 22 ± 3 years; weight, 73 ± 6 kg; height, 175 ± 5 cm; HR at rest, 66 ± 9 BPM; and SBP at rest, 113 ± 10 mmHg. They performed two exercises: four sets of passive static stretching for 30 s of the dorsi-flexion (DF) of the gastrocnemius and the hip flexion (HF) of the ischio-tibialis. The exercises were performed with (V+) or without (V-) the VM in a counterbalanced order. The SBP and HR were measured, and the RPP was calculated before the exercise session, at the end of each set, and during a 30-min post-exercise recovery period. RESULTS: The within-group comparisons showed that only the SBP and RPP increased throughout the sets (p<0.05), but no post-exercise hypotension was detected. The between-group comparisons showed that greater SBP increases were related to the VM and to a larger stretched muscle mass. Differences for a given set were identified for the HR (the HFV+ and HFV- values were higher than the DFV+ and DFV- values by approximately 12 BPM), SBP (the HFV+ value was higher than the DFV+ and DFV- values by approximately 12 to 15 mmHg), and RPP (the HFV+ value was higher than the HFV- value by approximately 2000 mmHGxBPM, and the HFV+ value was higher than the DFV+ and DFV- values by approximately 4000 mmHGxBPM). CONCLUSION: Both the stretched muscle mass and the VM influence acute cardiovascular responses to multiple-set passive stretching exercise sessions

Simulation Mechanism with 2 Degrees of Freedom

This article discusses the historical analysis of the development of simulators applied to aviation. From the development with the application of the first necessity, at the beginning of the 20th century, to the nowadays technology. Today the technology is used in several fields, justifying the increasing business investment destined to the sector, such as training, recycling, development and entertainment. Its advantage, compared to the real model, is the lower cost and greater security. Some simulator mechanisms were studied in order to select one that meets practical USAge demands, and, in the end, a mechanism design is presented, aiming at the future construction and study of the different systems of a simulator in practice

A novel multivariate STeady-state index during general ANesthesia (STAN)

The assessment of the adequacy of general anesthesia for surgery, namely the nociception/anti-nociception balance, has received wide attention from the scientific community. Monitoring systems based on the frontal EEG/EMG, or autonomic state reactions (e.g. heart rate and blood pressure) have been developed aiming to objectively assess this balance. In this study a new multivariate indicator of patients' steady-state during anesthesia (STAN) is proposed, based on wavelet analysis of signals linked to noxious activation. A clinical protocol was designed to analyze precise noxious stimuli (laryngoscopy/intubation, tetanic, and incision), under three different analgesic doses; patients were randomized to receive either remifentanil 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 ng/ml. ECG, PPG, BP, BIS, EMG and [Formula: see text] were continuously recorded. ECG, PPG and BP were processed to extract beat-to-beat information, and [Formula: see text] curve used to estimate the respiration rate. A combined steady-state index based on wavelet analysis of these variables, was applied and compared between the three study groups and stimuli (Wilcoxon signed ranks, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests). Following institutional approval and signing the informed consent thirty four patients were enrolled in this study (3 excluded due to signal loss during data collection). The BIS index of the EEG, frontal EMG, heart rate, BP, and PPG wave amplitude changed in response to different noxious stimuli. Laryngoscopy/intubation was the stimulus with the more pronounced response [Formula: see text]. These variables were used in the construction of the combined index STAN; STAN responded adequately to noxious stimuli, with a more pronounced response to laryngoscopy/intubation (18.5-43.1 %, [Formula: see text]), and the attenuation provided by the analgesic, detecting steady-state periods in the different physiological signals analyzed (approximately 50 % of the total study time). A new multivariate approach for the assessment of the patient steady-state during general anesthesia was developed. The proposed wavelet based multivariate index responds adequately to different noxious stimuli, and attenuation provided by the analgesic in a dose-dependent manner for each stimulus analyzed in this study.The first author was supported by a scholarship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT SFRH/BD/35879/2007). The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of UISPA—System Integration and Process Automation Unit—Part of the LAETA (Associated Laboratory of Energy, Transports and Aeronautics) a I&D Unit of the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal. FCT support under project PEst-OE/EME/LA0022/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio