Automated Reasoning over Deontic Action Logics with Finite Vocabularies

In this paper we investigate further the tableaux system for a deontic action logic we presented in previous work. This tableaux system uses atoms (of a given boolean algebra of action terms) as labels of formulae, this allows us to embrace parallel execution of actions and action complement, two action operators that may present difficulties in their treatment. One of the restrictions of this logic is that it uses vocabularies with a finite number of actions. In this article we prove that this restriction does not affect the coherence of the deduction system; in other words, we prove that the system is complete with respect to language extension. We also study the computational complexity of this extended deductive framework and we prove that the complexity of this system is in PSPACE, which is an improvement with respect to related systems.Comment: In Proceedings LAFM 2013, arXiv:1401.056

Deontic Logics based on Boolean Algebra

Deontic logic is devoted to the study of logical properties of normative predicates such as permission, obligation and prohibition. Since it is usual to apply these predicates to actions, many deontic logicians have proposed formalisms where actions and action combinators are present. Some standard action combinators are action conjunction, choice between actions and not doing a given action. These combinators resemble boolean operators, and therefore the theory of boolean algebra offers a well-known athematical framework to study the properties of the classic deontic operators when applied to actions. In his seminal work, Segerberg uses constructions coming from boolean algebras to formalize the usual deontic notions. Segerberg’s work provided the initial step to understand logical properties of deontic operators when they are applied to actions. In the last years, other authors have proposed related logics. In this chapter we introduce Segerberg’s work, study related formalisms and investigate further challenges in this area

Quantifying Masking Fault-Tolerance via Fair Stochastic Games

We introduce a formal notion of masking fault-tolerance between probabilistic transition systems using stochastic games. These games are inspired in bisimulation games, but they also take into account the possible faulty behavior of systems. When no faults are present, these games boil down to probabilistic bisimulation games. Since these games could be infinite, we propose a symbolic way of representing them so that they can be solved in polynomial time. In particular, we use this notion of masking to quantify the level of masking fault-tolerance exhibited by almost-sure failing systems, i.e., those systems that eventually fail with probability 1. The level of masking fault-tolerance of almost-sure failing systems can be calculated by solving a collection of functional equations. We produce this metric in a setting in which one of the player behaves in a strong fair way (mimicking the idea of fair environments).Comment: In Proceedings EXPRESS/SOS2023, arXiv:2309.05788. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.0204

Ameliorate QSPR Study of Alkyl Hydroperoxides

A set of linear and nonlinear functions of one and several variables are determined to predict refractive index, molar refraction, and density for a representative set of alkyl hydroperoxides. Quite satisfactory predictions can be made on the basis of these equations and in some cases it is necessary to resort to higher-order equations to get a very good quantitative description of physical properties. Some possible further extensions of this study are pointed out in order to get a step head in the understanding of the quan- titative structure-property relationships of alkyl hydroperoxides.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Estudo retrospectivo de 124 casos de tumores de glândulas salivares em uma população brasileira

Salivary gland tumors constitute a highly heterogeneous histopathologic group. There are few epidemiological studies of large series of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hospital records of 124 patients with salivary gland tumors diagnosed from January 1993 to December 1999 were reviewed. The patients were analyzed according to gender, age, size, location, and histopathology of the tumor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Patients with benign and malignant tumors presented with a mean age of 47.7 and 48.8 years, respectively. The frequency of benign tumors was 80% (n = 99) and malignant tumors 20% (n = 25). Tumors were localized in the parotid gland 71% (n = 88), in the submandibular gland 24% (n = 30), and in the minor salivary glands 5% (n = 6). The most common benign tumors were pleomorphic adenoma in 84% (n = 84) and Warthin's tumor in 13% (n = 13). Among malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common in 52% (n = 13), adenoid cystic carcinoma occurred in 20% (n = 5), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma was detected in 12% (n = 3).Tumores de glândulas salivares apresentam características histopatológicas altamente heterogêneas. Existem poucos estudos epidemiológicos analisando um número elevado de tumores de glândulas salivares benignos e malignos no Brasil. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Revisamos os prontuários hospitalares de 124 pacientes com tumores de glândulas salivares durante o período de Janeiro de 1993 até Dezembro de 1999. Os pacientes foram analisados de acordo com o sexo, idade, tamanho do tumor, localização e tipo histopatológico. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com tumores benignos e malignos apresentaram uma média de idade de 47,7 e 48,8 anos, respectivamente. A freqüência de ocorrência dos tumores benignos foi de 80% (n=99) e dos tumores malignos de 20% (n=25). Tumores foram localizados na parótida em 71% (n=88) dos casos, na glândula submandibular em 24% (n=30), e glândulas salivares menores em 5% (n=6). Os principais tumores benignos foram o Adenoma Pleomórfico que representou 84% (n=84) dos casos e o Tumor de Warthin com 13% (n=13) dos casos. Entre os tumores malignos, o Carcinoma Mucoepidermóide foi o mais comum correspondendo a 52% dos casos (n=13), seguido pelo Carcinoma Adenóide Cístico em 20% (n=5) e Carcinoma ex Adenoma Pleomórfico que foi detectado em 12% dos casos (n=3)

Nonextensive thermodynamic functions in the Schrödinger-Gibbs ensemble

© 2015 American Physical Society. Schrödinger suggested that thermodynamical functions cannot be based on the gratuitous allegation that quantum-mechanical levels (typically the orthogonal eigenstates of the Hamiltonian operator) are the only allowed states for a quantum system [E. Schrödinger, Statistical Thermodynamics (Courier Dover, Mineola, 1967)]. Different authors have interpreted this statement by introducing density distributions on the space of quantum pure states with weights obtained as functions of the expectation value of the Hamiltonian of the system. In this work we focus on one of the best known of these distributions and prove that, when considered in composite quantum systems, it defines partition functions that do not factorize as products of partition functions of the noninteracting subsystems, even in the thermodynamical regime. This implies that it is not possible to define extensive thermodynamical magnitudes such as the free energy, the internal energy, or the thermodynamic entropy by using these models. Therefore, we conclude that this distribution inspired by Schrödinger's idea cannot be used to construct an appropriate quantum equilibrium thermodynamics.Peer Reviewe

Screening and Distribution of Contaminants of Emerging Concern and Regulated Organic Pollutants in the Heavily Modified Guadalhorce River Basin, Southern Spain

Emerging pollutants have aroused an increasing concern due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and harmful potential. Both emerging (e.g., pharmaceuticals and personal care products) and regulated organic pollutants pose a serious threat to water quality and their presence and spatial distribution are complicated to address as they can derive from several factors: distribution of point and diffuse sources, environmental conditions, hydrogeological features of the region and inherent properties of the considered contaminants. In this study, a ground and surface water monitoring campaign was conducted in the three main detritic groundwater bodies of an extensive and heavily modified river basin in order to draft an initial description of the occurrence and distribution of a wide range of organic contaminants. In total, 63 out of 185 target pollutants were detected. An attempt to understand the importance of different factors governing the distribution of some of the most frequently found pollutants was made. Antibiotics spatial distribution is potentially influenced by the hydrogeological functioning of the basin modified by hydraulic infrastructures (reflected by hydrochemistry and environmental tracers delta H-2 and delta O-18), not directly related to the distribution of potential sources. The presence of other organic pollutants does not reflect an evident correlation with flow pathways. Differences in contaminant occurrence are potentially attributed to the way pollutants are released into the environment as well as physico-chemical properties

Avances en estudios QSAR/QSPR con aplicaciones agronómicas

El interés por las Relaciones Cuantitativas Estructura/Actividad-Estructura/Propiedad se ha originado en las últimas décadas, para predecir el impacto de un pesticida antes de ser liberado en el ambiente, mediante modelos matemáticos. Se establece un modelo QSPR para la predicción del coeficiente de sorción en suelo (Koc) de 643 compuestos heterogéneos. Se obtiene el mejor modelo encontrado en base a un descriptor flexible. El poder predictivo es satisfactorio en la calibración, validación interna y externa.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta