DEMÊNCIA E TRANSTORNOS COGNITIVOS EM IDOSOS

The present study aims to learn about the characteristics of cognitive disorders and dementia in private specialist clinics and the preparation of these doctors in this area. Dementia is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among the elderly, defined as a chronic syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognition involving one or more domains, such as memory, learning, language, executive functions, visuospatial skills and behavior, in addition to disability and impairment. in psychosocial development. The present study showed a high prevalence of cognitive impairment, which was associated with age, education, functional capacity and nutritional status. It is possible to question whether this is due to the large number of people with mild cognitive impairment without dementia with subsequent remission of symptoms, or the occurrence of early-onset dementia.O presente estudo tem por objetivo conhecer sobre as características de transtornos cognitivos e demências na clínica privada de especialistas e o preparo desses médicos nessa área. A demência é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade entre os idosos, definida como uma síndrome crônica caracterizada por prejuízo progressivo da cognição envolvendo um ou mais domínios, como memória, aprendizado, linguagem, funções executivas, habilidades visuoespaciais e comportamento, além de incapacidade e prejuízo no desenvolvimento psicossocial. O presente trabalho evidenciou alta prevalência de déficit cognitivo e que foi associada à idade, escolaridade, capacidade funcional e estado nutricional. É possível questionar se isso se deve à grande quantidade de pessoas com comprometimento cognitivo leve sem demência com remissão posterior dos sintomas, ou pela ocorrência de demência de início precoce

ABORDAGEM DIAGNÓSTICA DAS DOENÇAS EXANTEMÁTICAS NA INFÂNCIA

The involvement of children by exanthematous disease is one of the most common conditions in medical practice, often imposing diagnostic difficulties. Several conditions can lead to rash, with infectious causes being responsible for more than 70% of episodes. Most rashes are self-limiting, however, the correct identification of the etiology is clinically important due to the severity and worsening of the prognosis in case of delay in diagnosis in some cases, and for public health, given the potential for contagion from infectious causes. The clinical nonspecificity of exanthematous diseases requires a systematic approach to their diagnosis that includes the collection of complete anamnesis and a broad and careful physical examination. These are the main instruments for diagnostic elucidation, also allowing guidance for laboratory diagnostic conduct. This article aims to describe the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of exanthemas, emphasizing that anamnesis and physical examination are the main tools to aid in the differential diagnosis and consequent management of patients affected by exanthematous disease in childhood.O acometimento de crianças por doença exantemática é um dos quadros mais comuns da prática médica, impondo dificuldade diagnóstica frequentemente. Diversas condições podem cursar com exantema, sendo que as causas infecciosas são responsáveis por mais de 70 % dos episódios. A maior parte dos exantemas são autolimitados, todavia a correta identificação da etiologia tem importância clínica pela gravidade e piora do prognóstico em caso de atraso no diagnóstico em alguns casos, e para a saúde pública, tendo em vista o potencial de contágio das causas infecciosas. A inespecificidade clínica das doenças exantemáticas exige uma abordagem sistemática para o seu diagnóstico que inclui a coleta de anamnese completa e exame físico amplo e cuidadoso. Esses são os principais instrumentos para a elucidação diagnóstica, permitindo igualmente a orientação para a conduta diagnóstica laboratorial. Esse artigo tem o objetivo de descrever as principais características clínico-epidemiológicas dos exantemas, enfatizando que a anamnese e o exame físico são as principais ferramentas para auxílio no diagnóstico diferencial e consequente manejo do paciente acometido por doença exantemática na infância. &nbsp

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data