Effective degrees of freedom and gluon condensation in the high temperature deconfined phase

The Equation of State and the properties of matter in the high temperature deconfined phase are analyzed by a quasiparticle approach for $T> 1.2~T_c$. In order to fix the parameters of our model we employ the lattice QCD data of energy density and pressure. First we consider the pure SU(3) gluon plasma and it turns out that such a system can be described in terms of a gluon condensate and of gluonic quasiparticles whose effective number of degrees of freedom and mass decrease with increasing temperature. Then we analyze QCD with finite quark masses. In this case the numerical lattice data for energy density and pressure can be fitted assuming that the system consists of a mixture of gluon quasiparticles, fermion quasiparticles, boson correlated pairs (corresponding to in-medium mesonic states) and gluon condensate. We find that the effective number of boson degrees of freedom and the in-medium fermion masses decrease with increasing temperature. At $T \simeq 1.5 ~T_c$ only the correlated pairs corresponding to the mesonic nonet survive and they completely disappear at $T \simeq 2 ~T_c$. The temperature dependence of the velocity of sound of the various quasiparticles, the effects of the breaking of conformal invariance and the thermodynamic consistency are discussed in detail.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Renormalization group analysis of the three-dimensional Gross-Neveu model at finite temperature and density

The Renormalization Group flow equations obtained by means of a proper time regulator are used to analyze the restoration of the discrete chiral symmetry at non-zero density and temperature in the Gross-Neveu model in d=2+1 dimensions. The effects of the wave function renormalization of the auxiliary scalar field on the transition have been studied. The analysis is performed for a number of fermion flavors N_f=12 and the limit of large N_f is also considered. The results are compared with those coming from lattice simulations.Comment: Latex file, 12 pages, 2 eps figures, minor changes, added references, published versio

Reconstructing large-scale structure with neutral hydrogen surveys

Upcoming 21-cm intensity surveys will use the hyperfine transition in emission to map out neutral hydrogen in large volumes of the universe. Unfortunately, large spatial scales are completely contaminated with spectrally smooth astrophysical foregrounds which are orders of magnitude brighter than the signal. This contamination also leaks into smaller radial and angular modes to form a foreground wedge, further limiting the usefulness of 21-cm observations for different science cases, especially cross-correlations with tracers that have wide kernels in the radial direction. In this paper, we investigate reconstructing these modes within a forward modeling framework. Starting with an initial density field, a suitable bias parameterization and non-linear dynamics to model the observed 21-cm field, our reconstruction proceeds by {combining} the likelihood of a forward simulation to match the observations (under given modeling error and a data noise model) {with the Gaussian prior on initial conditions and maximizing the obtained posterior}. For redshifts z=2 and 4, we are able to reconstruct 21cm field with cross correlation, rc > 0.8 on all scales for both our optimistic and pessimistic assumptions about foreground contamination and for different levels of thermal noise. The performance deteriorates slightly at z=6. The large-scale line-of-sight modes are reconstructed almost perfectly. We demonstrate how our method also provides a technique for density field reconstruction for baryon acoustic oscillations, outperforming standard methods on all scales. We also describe how our reconstructed field can provide superb clustering redshift estimation at high redshifts, where it is otherwise extremely difficult to obtain dense spectroscopic samples, as well as open up a wealth of cross-correlation opportunities with projected fields (e.g. lensing) which are restricted to modes transverse to the line of sight

Universal strangeness production and size fluctuactions in small and large systems

Strangeness production in high multiplicity events gives indications on the transverse size fluctuactions in nucleus-nucleus ($AA$), proton-nucleus ($pA$) and proton-proton ($pp$) collisions. In particular the behavior of strange particle hadronization in "small" ($pp,pA$) and "large" ($AA$) initial configurations of the collision can be tested for the specific particle species, for different centralities and for large fluctuations of the transverse size in $pA$ and $pp$ by using the recent ALICE data. A universality of strange hadron production emerges by introducing a dynamical variable proportional to the initial parton density in the transverse plane.Comment: talk at EPS-HEP conference , Venice, 201

Critical Endpoint and Inverse Magnetic Catalysis for Finite Temperature and Density Quark Matter in a Magnetic Background

In this article we study chiral symmetry breaking for quark matter in a magnetic background, $\bm B$, at finite temperature and quark chemical potential, $\mu$, making use of the Ginzburg-Landau effective action formalism. As a microscopic model to compute the effective action we use the renormalized quark-meson model. Our main goal is to study the evolution of the critical endpoint, ${\cal CP}$, as a function of the magnetic field strength, and investigate on the realization of inverse magnetic catalysis at finite chemical potential. We find that the phase transition at zero chemical potential is always of the second order; for small and intermediate values of $\bm B$, ${\cal CP}$ moves towards small $\mu$, while for larger $\bm B$ it moves towards moderately larger values of $\mu$. Our results are in agreement with the inverse magnetic catalysis scenario at finite chemical potential and not too large values of the magnetic field, while at larger $\bm B$ direct magnetic catalysis sets in.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Effective degrees of freedom of the Quark-Gluon Plasma

The effective degrees of freedom of the Quark-Gluon Plasma are studied in the temperature range $\sim 1-2$ $T_c$. Employing lattice results for the pressure and the energy density, we constrain the quasiparticle chiral invariant mass to be of order 200 MeV and the effective number of bosonic resonant states to be at most of order $\sim 10$. The chiral mass and the effective number of bosonic degrees of freedom decrease with increasing temperature and at $T \sim 2$ $T_c$ only quark and gluon quasiparticles survive. Some remarks regarding the role of the gluon condensation and the baryon number-strangeness correlation are also presented.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Symmetry Restoration By Acceleration

The restoration of spontaneous symmetry breaking for a scalar field theory for an accelerated observer is discussed by the one-loop effective potential calculation and by considering the effective potential for composite operators. Above a critical acceleration, corresponding to the critical restoration temperature,T_c, for a Minkowski observer by Unruh relation, i.e. a_c/2\pi=T_c, the symmetry is restored. This result confirms other recent calculations in effective field theories that symmetry restoration can occur for an observer with an acceleration larger than some critical value. From the physical point of view, a constant acceleration is locally equivalent to a gravitational field and the critical acceleration to restore the spontaneous symmetry breaking corresponds to a huge gravitational effect which, therefore, prevents boson condensation

Hybrid neutron stars within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and confinement

Recently, it has been shown that the standard Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is not able to reproduce the correct QCD behavior of the gap equation at large density, and therefore a different cutoff procedure at large momenta has ben proposed. We found that, even with this density dependent cutoff procedure, the pure quark phase in neutron stars (NS) interiors is unstable, and we argue that this could be related to the lack of confinement in the original NJL model.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, to be published in the proceedings of the conference EXOCT07, Catania, 11-15 June, 200