Structural comparison of TonB-dependent receptors in bradyrhizobium japonicum

Soybean is one of the leading crops grown in the United States. Nitrogen fertilizers are widely used in soybean production to increase crop yields. An alternative to nitrogen fertilizers is the symbiotic relationship between soybean and a species of nitrogen-fixing Gram-negative soil bacteria, Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The bacterium infects the roots of the soybean, forming nodules that perform nitrogen fixation. This study involves analysis of TonB-dependent receptors, intermembrane proteins responsible for iron uptake and, in some cases, symbiosis in B. japonicum. A comparison of sequence alignments and 3D structure predictions was used to identify potential symbiosis-specific structural domains within TonB-dependent receptors as targets for site-directed mutagenesis

Robert Jackson\u27s Critique of Trump v. Hawaii

(Excerpt) Over seventy years ago, United States Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson accurately predicted the Supreme Court’s decision in Trump v. Hawaii. As he foresaw, the Court rubberstamped a President’s purposeful discrimination against a minority religion. This brief Essay explains Trump using Jackson’s critique of judicial review in national-security cases. The Essay also uses Trump to examine a flaw—probably structural—in the constitutional theory of process jurisprudence. The Trump case involved the Court’s construction of congressional legislation apparently limiting the President’s authority, but the present Essay does not address that aspect of the opinion

Biomechanical effects of ankle bracing during gait

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three different ankle braces on rearfoot motion and ground reaction force (GRF) data. The braces used included the Aircast Air-Stirrup, Aircast Sport-Stirrup, and Active Ankle. Ten healthy and active male subjects, with no history of lower extremity injury, served as subjects for the study. Rearfoot kinematics (Panasonic, 60 Hz) and ground reaction forces (AMTI, 1000 Hz) were sampled simultaneously during data collection. Each subject performed five walking trials (at his own pace) across a walkway without a brace and with each brace in a total of four conditions. Customized software was used to compute variables describing rearfoot motion as well as vertical, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral GRF. All kinematic variables indicated a trend toward greater rearfoot control with the braces. Of these, time to maximum eversion angle (TMaxEV) and toe-off angle (TOAngle) were found to have significant differences. For the kinetic analysis, the three GRF components indicated a trend toward rearfoot control during the braced conditions. Excursion values from 0-30% (Excl) and 0-50% (Exc2) of the stance phase were found to have significant differences. Braking impulse (IBrk) was found to be the only significant anterior-posterior GRF variable, while no significant variables were noted for the vertical GRF component. The braces in this study seemed to be able to control and stabilize rearfoot movement to an extent, although this was dependent on the design and intended use of each brace

There Were Great Men Before Agamemnon

John Marshall is the Agamemnon of Supreme Court history. He is universally considered the Court\u27s greatest Justice, and rightly so. But there were great Justices before Marshall. One of those great Justices was James Iredell. No Justice in the Court\u27s history has provided a more detailed or sophisticated explanation and justification of the doctrine of judicial review. Iredell needs a bard, and this Essay is my ode to his memory