Utilización de los métodos productivos en la disciplina Didáctica de la Química para la Licenciatura en Educación. Química (Revisión)

The Didactics of Chemistry at the different levels of education in Cuba implements the general positions of didactics in the teaching-learning process of chemistry, in correspondence with the objectives and content of planned learning. Taking into account the development and knowledge achieved, the goals to be achieved by the students are in turn a starting point for the different Chemistry teaching methodologies that can be developed derived from the theoretical positions that make up this didactics. The objective of this research is to design a proposal for the didactic-methodological structuring of a conference, with the use of productive methods in the Chemistry Didactics discipline for students in the 3rd year of the Bachelor of Education career. Chemistry at the University of Granma. The development is based on the use of theoretical methods, such as analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; methods of the empirical level, including observation and survey. The current and novelty of the research lies in the dynamic nature of the different planned activities and at the same time its developer nature, which contribute to the learning of the Chemistry subject in an active and conscious way.La Didáctica de la Química en los diferentes niveles de enseñanza en Cuba instrumenta las posiciones generales de la didáctica en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de la química, en correspondencia con los objetivos y el contenido de aprendizajes previstos.  Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo y conocimientos alcanzados, las metas a alcanzar por los educandos estas constituyen a su vez punto de partida para las distintas metodologías de enseñanza de la Química que puedan desarrollarse derivadas de las posiciones teóricas que la conforman esta didáctica. En la presente investigación se persigue como objetivo diseñar una propuesta de estructuración didáctico-metodológica de una conferencia, con la utilización de los métodos productivos en la disciplina Didáctica de la Química para los estudiantes de 3er año de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación. Química en la Universidad de Granma. En el desarrollo se fundamenta la utilización de métodos teóricos, tales como: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; métodos del nivel empírico, entre ellos: la observación y la encuesta. La actualidad y novedad de la investigación radican en el carácter dinámico de las diferentes actividades planificadas y a la vez su carácter desarrollador, las cuales contribuyen al aprendizaje de la asignatura Química de forma activa y consciente

Sistema de actividades de trabajo independiente para el aprendizaje de las reacciones de oxidación-reducción (Revisión)

The research deals with the need to promote the independent learning of oxidation-reduction reactions in the teaching-learning process of the Chemistry subject in eleventh-grade students of the IPU “Micaela Riera” of Manzanillo. A system of independent work activities is presented and founded with various activities to be developed in the teaching-learning process of said subject, which have been developed taking into account the psycho-pedagogical characteristics of this type of student. The development is based on the use of theoretical methods, such as analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; methods of the empirical level, among them: the observation, the survey, the interview, and the pedagogical experiment, as well as the mathematical one of the statistical level. The current and novelty of the research lies in the dynamic nature of the different planned activities and at the same time its developer nature, which contribute to the learning of the Chemistry subject in an active and conscious way.La investigación trata la necesidad de favorecer el aprendizaje, de manera independiente, de las reacciones de oxidación-reducción en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Química, en los alumnos de onceno grado de el IPU “Micaela Riera” de Manzanillo. Se presenta y fundamenta un sistema de actividades de trabajo independiente con variadas actividades para desarrollarlas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de dicha asignatura, las cuales han sido elaboradas teniendo en cuenta las características psico-pedagógicas de este tipo de alumno. En el desarrollo se fundamenta la utilización de métodos teóricos, tales como: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; métodos del nivel empírico, entre ellos: la observación, la encuesta, la entrevista, y el experimento pedagógico, así como el matemático del nivel estadístico. La actualidad y novedad de la investigación radican en el carácter dinámico de las diferentes actividades planificadas y a la vez su carácter desarrollador, las cuales contribuyen al aprendizaje de la asignatura Química de forma activa y consciente

Tratamiento metodológico de la conferencia de Química a partir de fundamentos de la didáctica desarrolladora (Revisión)

The guiding nature of the objectives and the close relationship between them and the contents, methods, means and evaluation, as essential components of this formative process, as well as the philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical foundations are the current starting point of Education in Cuba. This research aims to guide teachers, through argumentation and demonstration, the methodological aspects for the achievement of the didactic-methodological structuring of the class, so that it contributes to the preparation for the execution of the teaching-learning process developer of the students of the first year of the Bachelor of Education career Chemistry at the University of Granma. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods are used to carry out the research. Among the theorists: analysis-synthesis, deduction-induction, among the empirical: observation, survey, and documentary analysis. Of the mathematical statistician: techniques of descriptive statistics and percentage calculation. The novelty of the research lies in the methodological treatment of the conference on chemical equilibrium from the foundations of the developer didactics for the integration of the knowledge acquired with a scientific, systemic, integrative and developer approach of the teaching-learning process as well as the development of the skills and values that students should apply in their profession life.El carácter rector de los objetivos y la estrecha relación entre ellos y los contenidos, los métodos, los medios y la evaluación, como componentes esenciales de este proceso formador, así como los fundamentos filosóficos, sociológicos, psicológicos y pedagógicos son el punto de partida actual de la Educación en Cuba. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo  orientar a los profesores, mediante la argumentación y demostración, los aspectos de carácter metodológico para el logro de la estructuración didáctico-metodológica de la clase, de manera que contribuya a la preparación para la ejecución del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desarrollador de los estudiantes del primer año de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación. Química en la Universidad de Granma.  Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizan métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Entre los teóricos: análisis-síntesis, deducción- inducción, entre los empíricos: la observación, la encuesta, y análisis documental. Del estadístico matemático: técnicas de la estadística descriptiva y el cálculo porcentual. La novedad de la investigación radica en el Tratamiento metodológico de la conferencia sobre el equilibrio químico a partir de los fundamentos de la didáctica desarrolladora para la integración de los conocimientos adquiridos  con un enfoque científico, sistémico, integrador y desarrollador del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje  así como el desarrollo de las habilidades y valores que deberán aplicar los estudiantes en su vida profesión

Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy combined with mobile health education in patients with head and neck cancer suffering from chronic xerostomia after radiotherapy: protocol for a three-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study

Introduction The role of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy for oral tissue damage induced by cancer treatment is currently unclear, and there is low-quality to moderate-quality evidence supporting the use of this approach for treating xerostomia and/or hyposalivation. Consequently, patients with head and neck cancer increasingly turn to basic oral hygiene to alleviate salivary gland dysfunction, and their adherence can be improved by mobile health (mHealth) education. The primary objective of this study will be to analyse the effects of different doses of PBM therapy (7.5 J/cm2 vs 3 J/cm2) plus mHealth education on quality of life (QoL), oral health, salivary secretion and salivary gland ultrasound assessment at postintervention and at the 6-month follow-up in patients with head and neck cancer after radiotherapy compared with those in control group.Methods and analysis A prospective, three-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study will be conducted among patients with head and neck cancer suffering from chronic xerostomia. A total of 20 patients per arm will be included and randomly assigned to receive 7.5 J/cm2 of PBM, 3 J/cm2 of PBM or placebo therapy. PBM therapy will be applied during 24 sessions at 22 points extra and intraorally two times per week for 3 months, combined with a mobile application (https://www.laxer.es). The assessments will be recorded at the beginning of the study, at postintervention and at the 6-month follow-up. The primary outcomes will be QoL, oral health, salivary secretion and salivary gland ultrasound. The pain pressure threshold, functional performance, mood and sleep quality will be secondary indicators.Ethics and dissemination This study received ethics approval from the Andalusian Biomedical Research Ethics Portal (2402-N-21 CEIM/CEI Provincial de Granada) according to the Declaration of Helsinki for Biomedical Research. The results of this study will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05106608

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data