Novel compound shows in vivo anthelmintic activity in gerbils and sheep infected by Haemonchus contortus

8 páginas, 2 figuras, 2 tablas.The control of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock is becoming increasingly difficult due to the limited number of available drugs and the rapid development of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new anthelmintics that are effective against nematodes. Under this context, we tested the potential toxicity of three compounds in mice and their potential anthelmintic efficacy in Mongolian gerbils infected with Haemonchus contortus. The compounds were selected from previous in vitro experiments: two diamine (AAD-1 and AAD-2) and one benzimidazole (2aBZ) derivatives. 2aBZ was also selected to test its efficacy in sheep. In Mongolian gerbils, the benzimidazole reduced the percentage of pre-adults present in the stomach of gerbils by 95% at a dose of 200 mg/kg. In sheep, there was a 99% reduction in the number of eggs shed in faeces after 7 days at a dose of 120 mg/kg and a 95% reduction in the number of worm adults present in the abomasum. In conclusion, 2aBZ could be considered a promising candidate for the treatment of helminth infections in small ruminants. © 2022, The Author(s).Financial support came from MINECO: RETOS (AGL2016-79813-C2-1R/2R) and MICINN/AEI (PID2020- 119035RB-100). EVG was funded by FPU17/00627, FPU17/05346; VCGA, MAB, MCP and LGP are recipients of Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL) (LE082-18, LE051-18, LE135-19, LE096-20, respectively) and MMV by the Spanish “Ramon y Cajal” Programme (Ministerio de Economía y competitividad; MMV, RYC-2015-18368).Peer reviewe

Advances in diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock and companion animals

92 páginas, 3 tablas, 4 figuras.Diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock and companion animals has been neglected for years and there has been an historical underinvestment in the develop- ment and improvement of diagnostic tools, undermining the undoubted utility of surveillance and control programmes. However, a new impetus by the scientific com- munity and the quickening pace of technological innovations, are promoting a renais- sance of interest in developing diagnostic capacity for nematode infections in veterinary parasitology. A cross-cutting priority for diagnostic tools is the development of pen-side tests and associated decision support tools that rapidly inform on the levels of infection and morbidity. This includes development of scalable, parasite detection using artificial intelligence for automated counting of parasitic elements and research towards esta- blishing biomarkers using innovative molecular and proteomic methods. The aim of this review is to assess the state-of-the-art in the diagnosis of helminth infections in livestock and companion animals and presents the current advances of diagnostic methods for intestinal parasites harnessing (i) automated methods for copromicroscopy based on artificial intelligence, (ii) immunodiagnosis, and (iii) molecular- and proteome-based approaches. Regardless of the method used, multiple factors need to be considered before diagnostics test results can be interpreted in terms of control decisions. Guidelines on how to apply diagnostics and how to interpret test results in different animal species are increasingly requested and some were recently made available in veterinary parasitology for the different domestic species.This article is based in part upon work from COST Action COMBAR CA16230, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). It is also based upon work conducted by the STAR-IDAZ IRC Scientific sub-Committee “Diagnostic test roadmap” developed by the Livestock Helminth Research Alliance (LiHRA; June 2019) with major contributions of John Gilleard, Georg von Samson Himmelstjerna, Diana Williams, Laura Rinaldi, Edwin Claerebout, Peter Geldhof and Jozef Vercruysse.Peer reviewe

Occurrence of Leishmaniasis in Iberian wolves in Northwestern Spain

10 páginas, 2 figuras, 2 tablas.Canine leishmaniasis is an important vector-borne protozoan disease in dogs that is re-sponsible for serious deterioration in their health. In the Iberian Peninsula, as in most countriessurrounding the Mediterranean Sea, canine leishmaniasis is caused byLeishmania infantum(zy-modeme MON-1), a digenetic trypanosomatid that harbors in the parasitophorous vacuoles of hostmacrophages, causing severe lesions that can lead to death if the animals do not receive adequatetreatment. Canine leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in Spain, especially in the Mediterranean coastalregions (Levante, Andalusia and the Balearic Islands), where the population of domestic dogs is veryhigh. However, the presence of this disease has been spreading to other rural and sparsely populatedlatitudes, and cases of leishmaniasis have been reported for years in wildlife in northwestern Spain.This work describes for the first time the presence of wolves that tested positive for leishmaniasis inthe vicinity of the Sierra de la Culebra (Zamora province, northwestern Spain), a protected sanctuaryof this canid species, using PCR amplification ofL. infantumDNA from different non-invasive samplessuch as buccal mucosa and those from both ears and hair. In addition to live animals (21), samplesfrom carcasses of mainly roadkill animals (18) were also included and analyzed using the sametechnique, obtaining a positivity rate of 18 of the 39 wolves sampled (46.1%) regardless of their origin.The authors acknowledge the Centro del Lobo Ibérico “Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente” and the Junta of Castilla y León.Peer reviewe

Determinación de los niveles de IgA frente nematodos gastrointestinales como marcador de resistencia a la infección en el ganado ovino

Trabajo presentado al: XXII Congreso de Parasitología, SOCEPA. Madrid, julio 2022

Presencia de Leishmania infantum en distintas muestras biológicas de lobos ibéricos (Canis lupus signatus) de la provincia de Zamora

Trabajo presentado al: XXII Congreso de Parasitología, SOCEPA. Madrid, Julio. 2022

In vivo toxicity and efficacy of two diamine and one benzimidazole derivatives against the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus

Trabajo presentado al: 28th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). Dublín. Virtual meeting.MINECO (AEI, FEDER, UE): AGL2016-79813-C2-1R/2R and SAF2017-83575-R and Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL) cofinanced by FEDER, UE [LE020p17]. EVG is funded by JCyL and MMV by Ramón y Cajal Programme (RYC-2015-18368).Peer reviewe

Specific levels of IgA as biomarker for gastrointestinal nematode infections under natural conditions in different sheep breeds

Trabajo presentado al: 29th International Conferencia of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). OA15.07. Chennai, India, 20-24 agosto.Peer reviewe

Resistencia al albendazol en un rebaño de ganado ovino infectado por Fasciola hepatica y alternativas de tratamiento.

Trabajo presentado al: XXII Congreso de Parasitología, SOCEPA. Madrid, Julio. 2022

Albendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica: surveillance in different areas of Spain and Argentine

Trabajo presentado al: 29th International Conferencia of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). OA29.02. Chennai, India, 20-24 agosto.Peer reviewe

Screening of drug collections on Caenorhabditis elegans using the motility-based system wMicrotracker

Trabajo presentado al: 29th International Conferencia of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. PS01.18. Chennai, India, 20-24 agosto.Peer reviewe