Empty Architecture and Empty Urbanism: the Remaking and Reframing on Contemporary Beijing

The paper discusses a collage and montage understanding of modernity and argues that Beijing offers a contemporary simulacrum of the global system of sign values that is epitomized by the new CCTV headquarters and more directly mirrored in the Beijing World Park. In reading Beijing this way, the paper suggests that the city, as well as the global audience to which its spectacle architecture is addressed, is suffering an identity crisis in which our built environment has been reduced to series of signs. It discusses the architecture of the CCTV headquarters, then Beijing World Park as the miniature of Beijing, and finally how the slogan of Beijing Olympics 2008, “One World! One Dream!”, helps to read the contemporary architecture in Beijing as a symbol of the city's – and through the city, the government's – view of itself as a new world leader. It begins by placing this argument in a particular social, political, and economic framework – the attempts of the current Chinese authorities to position the Chinese economy, and its major cities, at the heart of the contemporary capitalist economy. These attempts, it is suggested, involve a more or less literal attempt to outstrip the city which throughout the twentieth century epitomized that system, New York

Space of Flows, Uneven Regional Development, and the Geography of Financial Services in Ireland

This paper is concerned with the geography of finance in the globalising knowledge-based economy, characterised by the proliferation of information and communication technology. More specifically, the paper aims to examine the "locational structure" of financial services in such an economy and its implications for uneven regional development in Europe. In doing so, the paper engages with the concept of "space of flows" and several other theoretical approaches concerned with the geography of advanced producer services and finance. It argues that while such approaches provide a useful starting point, they need be developed further in order to inform an understanding of both the nature and the dynamics of the "locational structure" of financial services and its implications for regional economic development. This point is illustrated in the case of Ireland, focusing on "domestic" banking institutions and "international" financial services operating there. The paper concludes that while "space of flows" provides a useful metaphor for approaching the geography of financial services and other knowledge intensive business services, the conceptual and analytical emphasis should shift towards the "flows of value" that ultimately impinge upon the fortunes of cities and regions. Copyright 2007 Blackwell Publishing.