42 research outputs found
The effects of grape seed procyanidin extract on insulin synthesis and secretion
Las procianidinas son compuestos bioactivos presentes en frutas y vegetales. Aunque se conocen los efectos beneficiosos de estos compuestos en la homeostasis de la glucosa, su acciĂłn en la funcionalidad de la cĂ©lula β no es clara. La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en describir los efectos de las procianidinas en la sĂntesis y secreciĂłn de insulina. Nuestros resultados muestran la capacidad de las procianidinas de modificar la funcionalidad de la cĂ©lula β aumentando la relaciĂłn insulina plasmática/mRNA, aunque la efectividad del tratamiento depende de la situaciĂłn fisiolĂłgica. En situaciones no patolĂłgicas, las procianidinas afectan la insulinemia modificando la sĂntesis, secreciĂłn y/o degradaciĂłn de la insulina. En situaciones de resistencia a la insulina, el tratamiento crĂłnico con procianidinas disminuye la sĂntesis y secreciĂłn de insulina gracias a su acciĂłn limitando el acĂşmulo de lĂpidos. En cambio, en un modelo más dañado (obesidad genĂ©tica), las procianidinas ejercen efectos similares pero no son capaces de mejorar la hipersinulinemia. En conclusiĂłn, las procianidinas, en las dosis ensayadas, pueden utilizarse Ăşnicamente como compuestos bioactivos limitando la disfuncionalidad de la cĂ©lula β en sus estados iniciales.Les procianidines sĂłn compostos bioactius presents en fruites i vegetals. Tot i que es coneixen els efectes beneficiosos d’aquests compostos en l’homeòstasi de la glucosa, la seva acciĂł en la funcionalitat de la cèl•lulaβ no Ă©s clara. La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en descriureels efectes de les procianidines en la sĂntesi i secreciĂł d’insulina. Els nostres resultats mostren la capacitat de les procianidines de modificar la funcionalitat de la cèl•lula β augmentant la relaciĂł insulina plasmĂ tica/mRNA, tot i que l’efectivitat del tractamentdepèn de la situaciĂłfisiològica. En situacions no patològiques, les procianidines afecten la insulinèmia modificant la sĂntesi, secreciĂłi/o degradaciĂł d’insulina. En situacions de resistència a la insulina, el tractamentcrònicamb procianidines disminueix la sĂntesi i secreciĂł d’insulina grĂ cies a la seva acciĂł limitant l’acumulaciĂł de lĂpids. En canvi, en un model mĂ©s danyat (obesitat genètica), les procianidines exerceixen efectes similars però no son capaces de millorar la hiperinsulinèmia. En conclusiĂł, les procianidines, en les dosis assajades, podenutilitzar-seĂşnicament coma compostos bioactiuslimitant la disfuncionalitat de la cèl•lula β en els seus estats inicials.Procyanidins are bioactive compounds found in fruits and vegetables widely consumed. It has been reported that procyanidins show some beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, although their effects on β-cell functionality remain unresolved. This doctoral thesis is focus on describing the effects of procyanidins on insulin synthesis and secretion. Our results showed that procyanidins modify β-cell functionality through increasing the plasma insulin/mRNA ratio, although the effectiveness of the treatment depends on the physiological situation. Under non-pathological situation, procyanidins affected insulinaemia by modifying insulin synthesis, secretion and/or degradation activity. Under insulin-resistance situation, chronic procyanidins administration decreased insulin synthesis and secretion, thanks to its lipid-lowering effect. Otherwise in a more damaged model, Zucker fatty rat, procyanidins treatment is not able to reduce insulin plasma levels although they repress insulin expression. In conclusion, procyanidins could be used as bioactive compound to limit β-cell dysfunctions under high-palatable diets, but at the assayed doses, it is not enough to counteract a strong metabolic disruption
Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract Improves Insulin Production but Enhances Bax Protein Expression in Cafeteria-Treated Male Rats
In a previous study, the administration of a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) in female Wistar rats improved insulin resistance, reduced insulin production, and modulated apoptosis biomarkers in the pancreas. Considering that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in females are different from these parameters in males, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GSPE on male Wistar cafeteria-induced obese rats. The results have confirmed that the cafeteria model is a robust model mimicking a prediabetic state, as these rats display insulin resistance, increased insulin synthesis and secretion, and increased apoptosis in the pancreas. In addition, GSPE treatment (25 mg/kg of GSPE for 21 days) in male rats improves insulin resistance and counteracts the cafeteria-induced effects on insulin synthesis. However, the administration of the extract enhances the cafeteria-induced increase in Bax protein levels, suggesting increased apoptosis. This result contradicts previous results from cafeteria-fed female rats, in which GSPE seemed to counteract the increased apoptosis induced by the cafeteria diet
AvaluaciĂł dels efectes de les procianidines de pinyol de raĂŻm sobre la secreciĂł d'insulina
Les procianidines sĂłn un tipus de compostos fenòlics que es troben en aliments com la xocolata, i en begudes com el vi negre. Actualment es coneix que les procianidines exerceixen efectes beneficiosos sobre la salut, especialment sobre el sistema cardiovascular. Estudis realitzats pel grup de recerca “Nutrigenòmica” d’aquesta universitat, mostren indicis que les procianidines afecten la funciĂł secretora d’insulina del pĂ ncrees. En aquest estudi s’han avaluat els efectes que du a terme l’extracte de procianidines de pinyol de raĂŻm (GSPE) sobre la sĂntesi i la secreciĂł d’insulina en el pĂ ncrees, mitjançant experiments realitzats in vitro, amb la lĂnia cel•lular pancreĂ tica MIN-6, i in vivo, en models de rata sans i amb sĂndrome metabòlica. In vitro, s’observa que GSPE realitza una acciĂł inhibidora de la secreciĂł d’insulina en les cèl•lules MIN-6 en condicions basals de glucosa, essent a una concentraciĂł de 1 mg/l de GSPE on s’observa un efecte mĂ©s clar. Els responsables d’aquesta inhibiciĂł sĂłn els Ă cids fenòlics i els monòmers presents en l’extracte. En condicions d’estimulaciĂł aquest extracte produeix una certa activaciĂł de la secreciĂł d’insulina, en la mateixa lĂnia cel•lular, a l’exposar les cèl•lules a una dosi de 10 mg/l. In vivo, l’assaig de l’expressiĂł gènica de la insulina mostra que GSPE redueix la transcripciĂł d’aquest gen, i que aquest efecte depèn tant de la dosi com del perĂode d’administraciĂł de l’extracte. Estudis preliminars per determinar el mecanisme d’acciĂł de GSPE, indiquen que aquestes molècules modulen l’expressiĂł del gen de Pdx-1, el qual Ă©s un factor de transcripciĂł que estimula l’expressiĂł del gen de la insulina. Amb els resultats obtinguts es pot concloure que GSPE actua frenant tant la sĂntesi com la secreciĂł d’insulina, tot i que s’ha d’aprofundir mĂ©s en la descripciĂł de l’efecte observat, i els mecanismes moleculars pels quals te lloc
Effects of grape seed procyanidin extract over low-grade chronic inflammation of obese Zucker fa/fa rats
10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.00
Effect of the co-occurring olive oil and thyme extracts on the phenolic bioaccesibility and bioavailability assessed by in vitro digestion and cell models
10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.07
Enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol and EPA in treated endotoxin-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages
Macrophages play an important role in immunogenic challenges by producing reactive oxygen species, NO and proinflammatory cytokines that can aggravate and propagate local inflammation. Multiple mechanisms regulate these inflammatory processes. NF-κB and activator protein 1 pathways are crucial in the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as TNF-α, IL-1 (α or β) and -6. Some polyphenols, which are present in beverages, vegetables and fruits, and PUFA, which are present in marine oils and fish food, possess anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. Our aim in the present study was to assess whether polyphenols and PUFA have synergistic anti-inflammatory effects in murine macrophages in vitro. Inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages was induced by lipopolysaccharide at 100 ng/ml. The treatments with molecules were performed by co-incubation for 19 h. A NO production assay by Griess reaction, a phosphoprotein assay by Pathscan ELISA kit and gene expression analysis using the TaqMan® Low-density Array for ninety-one genes related to inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolism were performed to assess the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate and resveratrol (Res; 2·5 μg/ml), and the PUFA, DHA and EPA (30 μm). Adding Res+EPA had an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect, in comparison with EPA and Res alone, leading to decreased NO levels; modulating the phospho-stress activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase (P-SAPK/JNK) level; down-regulating proinflammatory genes, such as IL, chemokines, transcription factors; and up-regulating several antioxidant genes. Therefore, this combination has a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than either of these molecules separately in RAW macrophages.</jats:p