7 research outputs found
Effect of Income Level and Perception of Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 on Stay-at-Home Preventive Behavior in a Group of Older Adults in Mexico City
Early information on public health behaviors adopted to prevent the spread of coronavirus
(COVID-19) may be useful in controlling the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) transmission. The objective of this study was to assess the role of income level (IL)
and the perception of older adults, regarding COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, on adopting
stay-at-home preventive behavior during the first week of the outbreak in Mexico. Participants in this
cross-sectional study were urban community dwellers, aged ≥ 65 years from Mexico City. A total of
380 interviews were conducted over the phone. The mean respondent age was 72.9 years, and 76.1%
were women. Over half (54.2%) of the participants perceived their susceptibility to COVID-19 as very
low or low. Similarly, 33.4% perceived COVID-19 severity as being very low or low, and 57.6% had
decided to stay at home: this behavior was associated with IL (β = 1.05, p < 0.001), and its total effect
was partially mediated (15.1%) by perceived severity. Educational attainment was also associated
with staying at home (β = 0.10, p = 0.018) and its total effect was partially mediated (15.0%) by
perceived susceptibility. Interventions aimed at low income and less educated older adults should be
developed to improve preventive behaviors in this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic
Clinical Outcomes of the Double Lateral Sliding Bridge Flap Technique with Simultaneous Connective Tissue Graft in Sextant V Recessions: Three-Year Follow-Up Study
The presence of isolated or multiple gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region is
a challenge for the clinician, as they may be associated with a shallow vestibule, high frenum insertion
and/or little or no attached gingiva. Only limited evidence is available on the use of the double
lateral sliding bridge flap technique with connective tissue graft (CTG) technique for treating gingival
recessions in the mandibular anterior region. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the
clinical and esthetic outcomes of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with CTG on isolated
and multiple gingival recessions at the level of the mandibular incisors. Nine patients required
treatment of gingival recessions in the mandibular incisors at the University of Salamanca (Spain)
(seven females, two males; mean age: 27.9 ± 6.9) with a total of 14 isolated (42.9%) and multiple
(57.1%) Miller class II and III gingival recessions. After a mean follow-up of 36 months, the mean
percentage of root coverage was 80.5% for all treated recessions. Statistically significant differences
(p < 0.05), were observed for reduction in recession depth, increased width of keratinized tissue
and increased gingival thickness, this being dependent on the Miller class. The esthetic outcome
was acceptable, with a final mean esthetic score of 7.4 out of 10. The double lateral sliding bridge
flap surgical technique with CTG is an effective procedure for the coverage of isolated and multiple
gingival recessions in the anterior mandibular region, as it offers satisfactory esthetic results
Comparison of body fat percentage assessments by bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometrical prediction equations, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in older women
Background: Individuals with high body fat have a higher risk of mortality.
Numerous anthropometric-based predictive equations are available for body
composition assessments; furthermore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
estimates are available. However, in older adults, the validity of body fat
estimates requires further investigation.
Objective: To assess the agreement between percentage body fat (BF%)
estimates by BIA and five predictive equations based on anthropometric
characteristics using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method.
A secondary objective was to identify whether excluding short-stature women
improves the agreement of BF% estimates in a group of community-dwelling,
older Mexican women.
Methods: A concordance analysis of BF% was performed. A total of
121 older women participated in the study. Anthropometric information,
BIA, and DXA body composition estimates were obtained. Five equations
using anthropometric data were evaluated in order to determine body fat
percentage (BF%) using DXA as reference method. Paired t-test comparisons
and standard error of estimates (SEE) were obtained. The Bland-Altman plot
with 95% limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient
(CCC) were used to evaluate the BF% prediction equations and BIA estimates.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 73.7 ( 5.8) years
old. BIA and the anthropometric based equations examined showed mean
significant differences when tested in the entire sample. For the taller women
(height > 145 cm), no significant difference in the paired comparison was
found between DXA and BIA of BF% estimates. The mean BF% was 40.3 ( 4.8)
and 40.7 ( 6.2) for DXA and BIA, respectively. The concordance between
methods was good (CCC 0.814), (SEE 2.62). Also, in the taller women subset,
the Woolcott equation using waist-to-height ratio presented no significant
difference in the paired comparison; however, the error of the estimates was
high (SEE 3.37) and the concordance was moderate (CCC 0.693).
Conclusion: This study found that BIA yielded good results in the estimation of
BF% among women with heights over 145 cm. Also, in this group, theWoolcott
predictive equation based on waist circumference and height ratio showed no
significant differences compared to DXA in the paired comparison; however,
the large error of estimates observed may limit its application. In older women,
short stature may impact the validity of the body fat percentage estimates of
anthropometric-based predictive equations
Behaviour and Anxiety Management of Paediatric Dental Patients through Virtual Reality: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Clinicians should appreciate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) headsets for managing
both the anxiety and the behaviour of non-cooperative paediatric patients who require treatment
over several dental appointments. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using a
VR headset as a distraction for managing the anxiety and behaviour of paediatric patients during
their dental treatment. Eighty patients, aged between five and ten years old and who required dental
treatment over three or more appointments, were randomly allocated into two groups. One group
used a VR headset during all their appointments, and the other one did not use any distraction
technique. The patients were asked to take a Facial Image Scale Test during their first and last
appointments to assess their level of anxiety. Additionally, the dentist completed the Frankl Test to
quantify the child’s behaviour at the beginning and the end of their treatment. The results obtained,
both from the group using the VR headset and from the control group, were compared using the
chi-square test. The use of a VR headset during dental treatment significantly reduced anxiety (95%
of the children were happy) and improved behaviour (100% positive behaviour) as compared with
the control group (40% and 57.5%, respectively). A VR headset can effectively distract a paediatric
patient, helping to reduce anxiety and manage behaviour during dental treatmen
Analysis and evaluation of dental caries in a Mexican population: a descriptive transversal study
Oral diseases are an important public health problem owing to their high prevalence and
strong impact on people, particularly in disadvantaged populations. There is a strong relationship
between the socioeconomic situation and the prevalence and severity of these diseases. Mexico
is among the countries with a higher frequency range in oral diseases, highlighting dental caries,
which affect more than 90% of the Mexican population. Materials and method: A cross-sectional,
descriptive, and observational study was carried out in 552 individuals who underwent a complete
cariogenic clinical examination in different populations of the state of Yucatan. All individuals
were evaluated after providing informed consent and with the consent of their legal guardians for
those under legal age. We used the caries measurement methods described by the World Health
Organization (WHO). Prevalence of caries, DMFT, and dft indexes were measured. Other aspects
were also studied, such as oral habits and the use of public or private dental services. Results: The
prevalence of caries in permanent dentition was 84%. Moreover, it was found to be statistically
related to the following variables: place of residence, socioeconomic level, gender, and level of
education (p < 0.05). For primary teeth, the prevalence was 64% and there was no statistical relation
with any of the variables studied (p > 0.05). Regarding the other aspects studied, more than 50% of
the sample used private dental services. Conclusions: There is a high need for dental treatment in
the population studied. It is necessary to develop prevention and treatment strategies considering
the particularities of each population, driving collaborative projects to promote better oral health
conditions in disadvantaged populations
Evaluating the changes in molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence: A comparison of two cross-sectional studies in two elementary schools in Mexico City between 2008 and 2017
Background Little information is available on the trends over time of the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). This condition may be preventing dental caries decline. Aim (a) To compare the prevalence of MIH, in Mexico City schoolchildren, evaluated in 2008 with a group evaluated in 2017, (b) to identify the association of MIH with dental caries, and (c) to assess the mother's perception of her child's oral health status. Design Two cross-sectional studies performed in 2008 and in 2017 were compared. The oral examiner and the selected schools were the same in both surveys. Results A total of 549 schoolchildren were evaluated. The prevalence of MIH in the first survey was 20.3%, and 31.9 % in the second survey, (p = .002). Children with MIH were more likely to have dental caries. The odds ratio was 2.24 (p = .036) and 4.18 (p < .001) in the first and second surveys, respectively. Mothers of children with MIH perceived worse oral health status of their children than the mothers whose children did not have MIH (odds ratio = 4.47, p < .001). Conclusion The findings portray a clear increase in prevalence of MIH and highlight the need for increased awareness about this condition among dentists and the general population