Drifting Apart: How Wealth and Race Segregation Are Reshaping the American Dream

Sometime after mid-century, no one racial or ethnic group will be in the majority in the United States. America therefore has two choices in terms of how it will respond to complex diversity. It can forge a new, exciting, multi-cultural identity. Or it can balkanize

Building Community in the Twenty-First Century: A Post-Integrationist Vision for the American Metropolis

[T]he problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line. When W.E.B. DuBois wrote this prophetic statement at the dawn of the twentieth century, the American metropolis did not yet exist. Perhaps DuBois could not have predicted the sprawled, socioeconomically fragmented landscape that is so familiar to the majority of Americans who now live and work in metropolitan regions. But his prediction of a color line that would sear our consciousness and present the chief social struggle for the new century proved all too correct. As we contemplate the twenty-first century, Gerald Frug\u27s book, City Making, makes clear that the problem of the color line continues in the form of local political borders. Local government borders define who gets what public benefits. They demarcate communities by race and income. They separate good school districts from bad. And, most importantly, they form the geographic boundary for local powers that can be wielded by those living within in ways that can harm those living without. City Making attacks this problem of borders at its roots. It is an important book that deserves serious consideration by all who care about democracy and race relations in America. Frug analyzes our system of local government law, identifying clearly how the current structure of city power has segregated metropolitan areas into \u27two nations,\u27 rich and poor, white and black, expanding and contracting (p. 4). Undoubtedly, Frog\u27s analysis will be familiar to those well-acquainted with the legal literature on local governance. But in the book, he offers fresh insights in a highly readable format that should be accessible to those unfamiliar with such scholarship

Federalism, Welfare Reform and the Minority Poor: Accounting for the Tyranny of State Majorities

The ideals of federalism contributed significantly to the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, which repealed the AFDC entitlement program and devolved broad authority to the states to design and administer programs for welfare reform. Professor Cashin challenges the federalist, a priori assumption that states are the natural situs of policy authority concerning the poor. She argues that the Act is likely to yield harmful consequences for the poor-especially the minority poor-because the political economy of state decisionmaking is more hostile to redistributive aims than is that of national decisionmaking. The Article tests the conventional normative theories in support offederalism against the empirical reality of state decisionmaking and concludes that such broad decentralization is not normatively justified. Marshaling empirical evidence of the risk of a tyranny of the majority, by which local prudices go unchecked, Professor Cashin argues that if Congress wants to ensure that welfare reform is pursued in a manner that actually meets its core purpose of reducing welfare dependency, it will need to be more interventionist in directing state action. Thus, the Article offers an alternative vision of decentralization, arguing for a more aggressive framework of national standards or incentives that would insulate the disadvantaged poor from the tyranny of the advantaged majority. At the same time, however, the Article endorses giving states free reign on all policy design decisions beyond this level offundamental national standards, arguing that, as regards these remaining issues, the potential benefits of decentralization outweigh its potential risks to the poor

Child and adolescent psychiatric nursing and the 'plastic man': Reflections on the implementation of change drawing insights from Lewin's theory of planned change

Child and adolescent psychiatric nursing (CAPN) as a discipline has been remarkably slow in the uptake of high fidelity human patient simulation (HFHPS) as an education tool. Assuming HFHPS has potential use, and the issue is one of change management, this paper speculates about how Lewin's paradigm for Planned Change might provide guidance to the specialty discipline of CAPN in development of strategies to promote adoption of HFHPS to education of pre-registration nurses. Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) was a seminal theorist of change, whose pioneering work has had significant impact across many disciplines. His theory of Planned Change has four components - field theory, group dynamics, action research and the three-step model of change. Each component is considered briefly and then combined within an example of application. © eContent Management Pty Ltd

Visual analysis of global comparative mapping of the practice domains of the nurse practitioner/advanced practice nursing role in respondent countries.

Internationally, there is increasing demand for nurse practitioner (NP) and advanced practice nursing (APN) roles; however, high variability exists in how NP/APN roles are defined and understood. The aim of this research was to improve our understanding of how the NP/APN is defined globally by: 1) examining role definitions, competencies, and standards of practice for advanced practice nurses internationally; 2) describing from a global perspective the core concepts and common features of NP/APN associated with practice domains; and 3) exploring the utility of text mining and visual analytics in identifying the clustered core concepts common to NP/APN roles organized around the five advanced practice domains of the Strong Advanced Practice Model. This article describes the findings of a secondary analysis of an international NP/APN competency mapping project, using innovative text mining and visual analysis techniques to reexamine and summarize the NP/APN role in 19 countries from Africa, Australia, Asia, Europe, and North America. Although weak aggrupation/associations suggest that further work is needed to define the domains of advanced practice with associated model development, visual analysis points to the identification of common concepts and linkages between concepts for each practice domain of advanced practice outlined in the Strong Model. The secondary text mining and visual analysis presented in this article allows for comparison of core elements between advanced practice role descriptions, standards, and competencies globally to ultimately provide a global perspective on the common features of NP/APN roles and areas where further delineation is required

PRIVATE SAVINGS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES: ARE THERE TERMS OF TRADE SHOCKS?

The paper examines the impact of terms of trade shocks on private savings in the transition economies after accounting for the effect of other determinants. Economic agents in the transition economies are subject to tight credit constraints which are more pronounced during bad state of nature. Thus, adverse shocks to commodity prices in the world market can force them to reduce savings by a larger amount than they would otherwise have. Empirical analysis using a dynamic panel model and data from twenty one transition economies confirm that most of the determinants of savings identified in the literature also apply to the transition economies. Favorable movements in both the permanent and transitory components of the terms of trade have a significant positive impact on private savings with transitory movements having a larger impact than the permanent component. This reflects the lack of access to foreign borrowing that many of the transition economies have faced during the last decade. Although the impact of terms of trade shocks are found to be asymmetric, the magnitude of the impact appears to be small. The results are robust for alternative estimators, determinants, and country groupings.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39958/3/wp572.pd