TRADUÇÃO E ADAPTAÇÃO DA ESCALA CPAC DE CRIATIVIDADE PARA O PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO

Creativity is a cognitive function of great importance for human development and lacks scale in Brazilian Portuguese. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Cognitive Processes Associated to Creativity (CPAC) scale. The process of cultural adaptation of the scale was carried out in 4 stages: translation, back-translation, comprehension test with experts and with the target audience. There was a convergence between the translations of 92.6% and the total average of the understanding percentages was considered very good (92.97%). The Brazilian version of the CPAC will contribute to the development of new studies on creativity in BrazilLa creatividad es una función cognitiva de gran importancia para el desarrollo humano y carece de escala en el portugués brasileño. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir y adaptar culturalmente la escala Cognitive Processes Associated to Creativity (CPAC). El proceso de adaptación cultural de la escala se realizó en 4 etapas: traducción, retrotraducción, prueba de comprensión con expertos y con el público objetivo. Hubo una convergencia entre las traducciones del 92,6% y la media total de los porcentajes de comprensión se consideró muy buena (92,97%). La versión brasileña del CPAC contribuirá al desarrollo de nuevos estudios sobre creatividad en Brasil.A criatividade é uma função cognitiva de grande importância para o desenvolvimento humano e carece de escalas no português brasileiro. Este estudo objetivou traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a escala de Processos Cognitivos Associados à Criatividade (CPAC). O processo de adaptação cultural da escala realizou-se em 4 etapas: tradução, retrotradução, teste de compreensão com especialistas e com o público-alvo. Houve uma convergência entre as traduções de 92,6% e a média total dos percentuais de compreensão foi considerada muito boa (92,97%). A versão brasileira da CPAC irá contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos sobre criatividade no Brasil

Investigation of hospital discharge cases and SARS-CoV-2 introduction into Lothian care homes

Background The first epidemic wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Scotland resulted in high case numbers and mortality in care homes. In Lothian, over one-third of care homes reported an outbreak, while there was limited testing of hospital patients discharged to care homes. Aim To investigate patients discharged from hospitals as a source of SARS-CoV-2 introduction into care homes during the first epidemic wave. Methods A clinical review was performed for all patients discharges from hospitals to care homes from 1st March 2020 to 31st May 2020. Episodes were ruled out based on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test history, clinical assessment at discharge, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data and an infectious period of 14 days. Clinical samples were processed for WGS, and consensus genomes generated were used for analysis using Cluster Investigation and Virus Epidemiological Tool software. Patient timelines were obtained using electronic hospital records. Findings In total, 787 patients discharged from hospitals to care homes were identified. Of these, 776 (99%) were ruled out for subsequent introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into care homes. However, for 10 episodes, the results were inconclusive as there was low genomic diversity in consensus genomes or no sequencing data were available. Only one discharge episode had a genomic, time and location link to positive cases during hospital admission, leading to 10 positive cases in their care home. Conclusion The majority of patients discharged from hospitals were ruled out for introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into care homes, highlighting the importance of screening all new admissions when faced with a novel emerging virus and no available vaccine

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is an immune escape variant with an altered cell entry pathway

Vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are a cornerstone of the public health response to COVID-19. The emergence of hypermutated, increasingly transmissible variants of concern (VOCs) threaten this strategy. Omicron (B.1.1.529), the fifth VOC to be described, harbours multiple amino acid mutations in spike, half of which lie within the receptor-binding domain. Here we demonstrate substantial evasion of neutralization by Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants in vitro using sera from individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. These data were mirrored by a substantial reduction in real-world vaccine effectiveness that was partially restored by booster vaccination. The Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 did not induce cell syncytia in vitro and favoured a TMPRSS2-independent endosomal entry pathway, these phenotypes mapping to distinct regions of the spike protein. Impaired cell fusion was determined by the receptor-binding domain, while endosomal entry mapped to the S2 domain. Such marked changes in antigenicity and replicative biology may underlie the rapid global spread and altered pathogenicity of the Omicron variant