Prevalência de deficiência auditiva referida e fatores associados em uma população de idosos da cidade de Manaus: um estudo de base populacional

RESUMO: Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de deficiência auditiva referida e fatores associados em idosos da cidade de Manaus. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo seccional de base populacional em 646 sujeitos com 60 anos ou mais entrevistados durante 2013. A amostra foi obtida com o delineamento transversal, com amostragem por conglomerados, dois estágios de seleção e auto ponderada. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Qui-quadrado e Regressão de Poisson. Resultados: prevalência de perda auditiva referida de 25,7%. Os fatores que se mantiveram significantemente associados após modelo multivariado foram: viver sozinho (RP= 1,34), dependência em Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (RP=1,61), labirintite (RP=1,33), Mal de Parkinson (RP=2,02), dificuldade de compreensão (RP=1,69), deficiência visual (RP=1,94) e dificuldade de comunicação (RP=1,34). Os impactos na comunicação apontaram que a perda auditiva foi 68% maior entre em os indivíduos com dificuldade de fala em comparação aos que não referiram tal dificuldade, reforçando a limitação que a perda auditiva pode trazer à comunicação. Conclusão: a prevalência de perda auditiva entre idosos aponta para a necessidade de se conhecer a magnitude desse déficit para a saúde pública, e contribuir para a construção de estratégias de identificação dessas perdas, possibilitando a minimização desses efeitos neste grupo

Persistence of experimental Rocio virus infection in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Rocio virus (ROCV) is an encephalitic flavivirus endemic to Brazil. Experimental flavivirus infections have previously demonstrated a persistent infection and, in this study, we investigated the persistence of ROCV infection in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The hamsters were infected intraperitoneally with 9.8 LD50/0.02 mL of ROCV and later anaesthetised and sacrificed at various time points over a 120-day period to collect of blood, urine and organ samples. The viral titres were quantified by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The specimens were used to infect Vero cells and ROCV antigens in the cells were detected by immunefluorescence assay. The levels of antibodies were determined by the haemagglutination inhibition technique. A histopathological examination was performed on the tissues by staining with haematoxylin-eosin and detecting viral antigens by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ROCV induced a strong immune response and was pathogenic in hamsters through neuroinvasion. ROCV was recovered from Vero cells exposed to samples from the viscera, brain, blood, serum and urine and was detected by qRT-PCR in the brain, liver and blood for three months after infection. ROCV induced histopathological changes and the expression of viral antigens, which were detected by IHC in the liver, kidney, lung and brain up to four months after infection. These findings show that ROCV is pathogenic to golden hamsters and has the capacity to cause persistent infection in animals after intraperitoneal infection

Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review

The circulation of seed among farmers is central to agrobiodiversity conservation and dynamics. Agrobiodiversity, the diversity of agricultural systems from genes to varieties and crop species, from farming methods to landscape composition, is part of humanity's cultural heritage. Whereas agrobiodiversity conservation has received much attention from researchers and policy makers over the last decades, the methods available to study the role of seed exchange networks in preserving crop biodiversity have only recently begun to be considered. In this overview, we present key concepts, methods, and challenges to better understand seed exchange networks so as to improve the chances that traditional crop varieties (landraces) will be preserved and used sustainably around the world. The available literature suggests that there is insufficient knowledge about the social, cultural, and methodological dimensions of environmental change, including how seed exchange networks will cope with changes in climates, socio-economic factors, and family structures that have supported seed exchange systems to date. Methods available to study the role of seed exchange networks in the preservation and adaptation of crop specific and genetic diversity range from meta-analysis to modelling, from participatory approaches to the development of bio-indicators, from genetic to biogeographical studies, from anthropological and ethnographic research to the use of network theory. We advocate a diversity of approaches, so as to foster the creation of robust and policy-relevant knowledge. Open challenges in the study of the role of seed exchange networks in biodiversity conservation include the development of methods to (i) enhance farmers' participation to decision-making in agro-ecosystems, (ii) integrate ex situ and in situ approaches, (iii) achieve interdisciplinary research collaboration between social and natural scientists, and (iv) use network analysis as a conceptual framework to bridge boundaries among researchers, farmers and policy makers, as well as other stakeholders