Examination of the stigma experiences and needs of individuals with serious mental illness

Study area : Northwestern Ontario.This project explores the stigma experienced by individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) and identifies their needs, both met and unmet. This is a somewhat unique approach as the data has been gathered solely from the perspective of individuals with mental illness. Researchers have stated that “the voice of service users is not strongly represented in the literature on stigma (Thornicroft, 2007, p. 153) and further that need has historically been “invariably oriented towards the perceptions of staff rather than those of patients” (Slade, Phelan, Thornicroft, & Parkman, 1996, p. 109). Corrigan and Penn point out that people with mental illness have unique insight into their disease and “excluding their perspective would omit a large and essential body of information” (Corrigan & Penn, 1997, p. 359). Thus, this project provides an important discussion of stigma and needs experienced by people with SMI

"Omens of good and evidences of evil" : gender and respectability in the Thunder Bay Sentinel, 1875-1895

An exploration of late-Victorian ideals of masculinity and femininity, as well as masculine-feminine social and economic roles, through the pages of the Thunder Bay Sentinel (a weekly newspaper, Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada). Key themes are sexual conduct (gender, sex-role), paid and unpaid labour, and respectable leisure activities for men and women

PD-1/PD-L1, PD-1/PD-L2, and other co-inhibitory signaling pathways in transplantation

[EN] Transplantation of cells, tissues and vascularized solid organs is a successful therapeutic intervention for many end-stage chronic diseases. The combination of co-stimulatory blockade with the delivery of negative signals to T cells through co-inhibitory receptors would provide a robust approach to modulating T-cell receptor signaling and improving alloantigen-specific control of transplant rejection. This approach based on fundamental knowledge of APC/T-cell interactions may complement conventional therapies in the near future to reinforce long-term allograft survival, and permit minimal immunosuppression. The focus of this review was primarily on two major co-inhibitory signaling pathways, namely PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 and BTLA/CD160/HVEM/LIGHT that have been thoroughly characterized in murine models of transplantation using genetically modified mice, specific monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteinsSIThis work has been supported by grants FIS 01-3026 and FIS PI-050021 of Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spanish Government, Spain) to JIR

Incidence and Risk Factors for Pneumonitis Associated With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single Center Experience

INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pneumonitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Estimates of real-world incidence and reported risk factors vary substantially. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 419 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with anti-PD-(L)1 with or without anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Clinical, imaging, and microbiological data were evaluated by multidisciplinary adjudication teams. The primary outcome of interest was grade ≥2 (CTCAEv5) pneumonitis. Clinicopathologic variables, tobacco use, cancer therapies, and preexisting lung disease were assessed for univariate effects using Cox proportional hazards models. We created multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to assess risk factors for pneumonitis and mortality. Pneumonitis, pneumonia, and progression were modeled as time-dependent variables in mortality models. RESULTS: We evaluated 419 patients between 2013 and 2021. The cumulative incidence of pneumonitis was 9.5% (40/419). In a multivariate model, pneumonitis increased the risk for mortality (HR 1.6, 95% CI, 1.0-2.5), after adjustment for disease progression (HR 1.6, 95% CI, 1.4-1.8) and baseline shortness of breath (HR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2-2.0). Incomplete resolution was more common with more severe pneumonitis. Interstitial lung disease was associated with higher risk for pneumonitis (HR 5.4, 95% CI, 1.1-26.6), particularly in never smokers (HR 26.9, 95% CI, 2.8-259.0). CONCLUSION: Pneumonitis occurred at a high rate and significantly increased mortality. Interstitial lung disease, particularly in never smokers, increased the risk for pneumonitis

2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An extensive evidence review was conducted as the document was compiled through December 2008. Repeated literature searches were performed by the guideline development staff and writing committee members as new issues were considered. New clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals and articles through December 2011 were also reviewed and incorporated when relevant. Furthermore, because of the extended development time period for this guideline, peer review comments indicated that the sections focused on imaging technologies required additional updating, which occurred during 2011. Therefore, the evidence review for the imaging sections includes published literature through December 2011

Grupos de Aculturación y Satisfacción Vital

The purpose of our study was to determine if acculturation variables from different acculturation domains form empirically extracted acculturation clusters [based on Berry’s (1997) model], and if the clusters are related to the life satisfaction of first and second generation immigrant college students. One hundred twenty-two students attending a university in the Midwestern USA (70% female), representing more than 20 countries of origin, completed an online questionnaire. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method and a k-means analysis revealed four acculturation clusters that were labeled (1) Bicultural Attitudes, (2) Bicultural Practices & Heritage Identity, (3) U.S. Practices, and (4) Heritage Practices. Participants in the two clusters most closely resembling Berry’s (1997) acculturation category of integration (i.e., Bicultural Attitudes, and Bicultural Practices & Heritage Identity) reported significantly higher life satisfaction than participants in the cluster most closely resembling Berry’s (1997) acculturation category of separation (i.e., Heritage Practices). The findings of the present study lend additional support to the use of clustering methods as a way of including multiple domains of acculturation, thereby gaining a more comprehensive understanding of acculturation and its connection with psychosocial adjustment. The results also reinforce prior research findings that integration, or biculturalism, is an adaptive acculturation strategy

Tribal Teachers Are Important to American Indian Adolescents’ Tribal Identity Development

In our original article in the American Indian Culture and Research Journal, we presented the results of a study conducted with adolescents aged thirteen to seventeen of a northeastern tribe. The purpose of our study was to achieve an understanding of the bicultural (tribal and nontribal) ethnic identity of the adolescents, highlighting their unique history and experience as members of the tribe. Northeastern tribal adolescents have a distinct history of longer length of contact with settlers and more intermarriage. Despite this, they have been relatively overlooked in the research literature. Most research on the ethnic identity of American Indian adolescents has focused primarily on tribal identity, and samples have primarily come from those living on reservations. Our study departed from previous research, which focused on tribal and nontribal identity of northeastern tribal adolescents without residential reservation land. We have conducted some additional analyses that have provided some interesting and important findings. In the results of our original article, twenty-one females and nine males returned the mail-out survey; they had an average age of 15.57 years. Eleven of the adolescents lived in the tribe’s home state, and nineteen resided out of state

Acculturation Clusters and Life Satisfaction

The purpose of our study was to determine if acculturation variables from different acculturation domains form empirically extracted acculturation clusters [based on Berry's (1997) model], and if the clusters are related to the life satisfaction of first and second generation immigrant college students. One hundred twenty-two students attending a university in the Midwestern USA (70% female), representing more than 20 countries of origin, completed an online questionnaire. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's method and a k-means analysis revealed four acculturation clusters that were labeled (1) Bicultural Attitudes, (2) Bicultural Practices & Heritage Identity, (3) U.S. Practices, and (4) Heritage Practices. Participants in the two clusters most closely resembling Berry's (1997) acculturation category of integration (i.e., Bicultural Attitudes, and Bicultural Practices & Heritage Identity) reported significantly higher life satisfaction than participants in the cluster most closely resembling Berry's (1997) acculturation category of separation (i.e., Heritage Practices). The findings of the present study lend additional support to the use of clustering methods as a way of including multiple domains of acculturation, thereby gaining a more comprehensive understanding of acculturation and its connection with psychosocial adjustment. The results also reinforce prior research findings that integration, or biculturalism, is an adaptive acculturation strategy

Redalyc.Acculturation Clusters and Life Satisfaction

Abstract The purpose of our study was to determine if acculturation variables from different acculturation domains form empirically extracted acculturation clusters [based on Key words: acculturation; cluster analysis; life satisfaction; bicultural; students Grupos de Aculturación y Satisfacción Vital Resumen El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar si distintas combinaciones de variables de aculturación provenientes de diferentes dominios de aculturación conforman grupos obtenidos empíricamente [con base en el modelo de Berry (1997)], y si estos grupos están relacionados con diferentes niveles de satisfacción vital en estudiantes universitarios que pertenecen a la primera y segunda generación de imigrantes. Ciento veintidós estudiantes que asisten a una universidad en el Medio Oeste de los Estados Unidos (70% mujeres), provenientes de más de 20 países de origen distintos, completaron un cuestionario a través del Internet. Los análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos con el método de Ward y un análisis de K-means revelaron cuatro grupos de aculturación que fueron nombrados: (1) las actitudes biculturales, (2) las prácticas biculturales y la identidad étnica, (3) las prácticas estadounidenses, y (4) las prácticas étnicas. Los participantes de los dos grupos que más se asemejan a la categoría de aculturación de integración de Berry (1997) (las actitudes biculturales; las prácticas biculturales y la identidad étnica) reportaron una mayor satisfacción vital que los participantes en el grupo que más se asemeja a la categoría de separación de Berry (las prácticas étnicas). Los resultados de este estudio proveen un argumento adicional en favor del uso de métodos de agrupación como una manera de incluir dominios de aculturación múltiples, para obtener con ello una comprensión más amplia de la aculturación y su conexión con la adaptación psicosocial. Los resultados también refuerzan que la biculturalidad es una estrategia adaptativa. Palabras clave: aculturación; métodos de agrupación; satisfacción vital; biculturalidad; universitarios Original recibido / Origina

The Toronto and Philadelphia Mindfulness Scales: Associations with Satisfaction with Life and Health-Related Symptoms

The treatment efficacy of mindfulness for improved quality of life and health-related symptoms has reliably been found in the literature. Questionnaires have been developed to assess both state mindfulness (Toronto Mindfulness Scale, TMS) and trait mindfulness (Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale, PHLMS). The objective of this study was to directly compare state and trait mindfulness measures to self-reported satisfaction with life and health outcomes. Healthy adults (n= 28) completed self-report questionnaires assessing mindfulness, a Satisfaction with Life Scale and a health outcome measure (Symptom Checklist 90-revised) prior to and after undergoing a 10-week mindfulness meditation intervention program. Correlational analyses between the mindfulness measures and outcome measures clearly demonstrated the association between the PHLMS Acceptance subscale and reductions in symptom severity r(26)= -.46, p= .015. These results suggest that a trait mindfulness measure (i.e., PHLMS) can detect change in mindfulness that is associated with health outcome measures whereas the state-like mindfulness (i.e., TMS) did not