380 research outputs found
Social Capital in University Business Incubators: dimensions, antecedents and outcomes
Producción CientÃficaWhile many universities around the world have devoted resources to create University
Business Incubators (UBIs), the literature has neglected the study of the social capital
acquired by the entrepreneurs located in university incubators. The current work analyses how incubator managers can contribute to the development of both incubator and incubatee social capital as well as the influence of social capital to the success of
incubatee businesses. The empirical study is based on survey data collected from
incubatees on Spanish and Dutch UBIs. The findings reveal that the entrepreneurial
profile of the university and the incubator manager proactivity are critical to build a
collective social capital amongst the entrepreneurs. Results indicate that the collective
social capital foster the individual social capital. However, only entrepreneurs’
relationships with external agents (bridging social capital) are relevant to their businesses whereas internal relationships (bonding social capital) have not a significant effect.Castilla y León (proyecto VA112P17)Fondo europeo de desarrollo regional (proyecto VA112P17)Ministerio de economÃa, Industria y competitividad (proyecto ECO2017-86628-P
Caracterización de la energÃa de fractura interlaminar en materiales compuestos laminados mediante ensayos double cantilever beam y su modelado mediante el código elementos finitos ABAQUS
[ES] Este proyecto se centra en la obtención de un valor de tenacidad a fractura interlaminar en modo
I mediante la realización de ensayos Double Cantilever Beam. Dicho ensayo consiste en aplicar
una fuerza transversal a la probeta para producir un crecimiento de grieta, relacionando durante la
realización del mismo la fuerza que es necesario aplicar con el desplazamiento de la cruceta. Posteriormente
se comparará dicha relación fuerza-desplazamiento con la obtenida mediante el software
Abaqus, utilizando el valor de tenacidad a fractura interlaminar calculado experimentalmente.
Analizar el problema mediante una simulación en 2D resulta de gran interés respecto a un
análisis tridimensional, debido al importante ahorro en coste computacional que se produce, obteniendo
a su vez resultados suficientemente precisos. Por otro lado, para estudiar la delaminación
en Abaqus se utilizarán los elementos cohesivos. La principal ventaja que estos presentan frente a
otros, es su sencilla implementación y la posibilidad de predecir tanto el inicio como la evolución
del daño. Estos se basan en la definición de una ley de tracción-separación, siendo la utilizada
en este estudio la ley bilineal. Para caracterizarla, los parámetros principales que la definen son
la tenacidad a fractura interlaminar, la tracción máxima y la rigidez interfacial. La tenacidad a
fractura interlaminar escogida es el valor medio de los resultados obtenidos en las tres últimas
probetas ensayadas. Por otra parte, tras realizar un análisis de sensibilidad se ha concluido que
para obtener resultados precisos es necesario utilizar un tamaño de elemento del 0.15% respecto a
la delaminación total y no menos de cuatro elementos dentro de la zona cohesiva.
Una importante diferencia de pendiente inicial en la curva que relaciona la fuerza con el desplazamiento
vertical de la cruceta, permite concluir que la delaminación inicial medida durante
los ensayos no es suficientemente precisa. Dicha falta de precisión puede ser consecuencia de múltiples
factores como controlar el crecimiento de la grieta visualmente o posibles incertidumbres
en la posición exacta de aplicación de la fuerza. Además, esta medida, que se puede ver afectada
por múltiples factores, tiene repercusiones importantes en la rigidez del material. Se ha comprobado
que aumentando un 4.53% la delaminación inicial respecto a la total en la simulación, los
resultados se aproximan más a los experimentales. Para concluir, se ha realizado un análisis de la
influencia de ciertos parámetros que ayudan a alcanzar la convergencia. La principal conclusión
que se ha extraÃdo es que mediante el uso de elementos cohesivos los resultados son invariables con
el coeficiente de estabilización viscosa.
Finalmente los resultados obtenidos en la simulación y en los ensayos tienen tendencias muy
similares, habiendo conseguido caracterizar en Abaqus, mediante el ajuste de parámetros, el comportamiento
del laminado.[CA] Aquest projecte se centra en l'obtenció d'un valor de tenacitat a fractura interlaminar en mode
I mitjançant la realització d'assajos Double Cantilever Beam. Aquest assaig consisteix a aplicar
una força transversal a la proveta per a produir un creixement de clivella, relacionant durant la
realització del mateix la força que és necessari aplicar amb el desplaçament de la creuera. Posteriorment
es compararà aquesta relació amb l'obtinguda mitjançant el software Abaqus, utilitzant
el valor de tenacitat a fractura interlaminar calculat experimentalment.
Analitzar el problema amb una simulació en 2D resulta de gran interés respecte a una anà lisi
tridimensional, a causa de l'important estalvi en cost computacional que es produeix, obtenint al seu
torn resultats prou precisos. D'altra banda, per a estudiar la delaminació en Abaqus s'utilitzaran
els elements cohesius. El principal avantatge que aquests presenten enfront d'uns altres, és la seua
senzilla implementació i la possibilitat de predir tant l'inici com l'evolució del dany. Es basen en
la definició d'una llei de tracció-separació, sent la utilitzada en aquest estudi la llei bilineal. Per a
caracteritzar-la, els parà metres principals que la defineixen són la tenacitat a fractura interlaminar,
la tracció mà xima i la rigidesa interfacial. La tenacitat a fractura interlaminar triada és el valor
mitjà dels resultats obtinguts en les tres últimes provetes assajades. D'altra banda, després de
realitzar una anà lisi de sensibilitat s'ha conclòs que per a obtindre resultats precisos és necessari
utilitzar una grandà ria d'element del 0.15% respecte a la delaminació total i no menys de quatre
elements dins de la zona cohesiva.
Una important diferència de pendent inicial en la corba que relaciona la força amb el desplaçament
vertical de la creuera, permet concloure que la delaminació inicial mesura durant els assajos
no és prou precisa. Aquesta falta de precisió pot ser conseqüència de múltiples factors com controlar
el creixement de la clivella visualment o possibles incerteses en la posició exacta d'aplicació de
la força. A més, aquesta mesura, que es pot veure afectada per múltiples factors, té repercussions
importants en la rigidesa del material. S'ha comprovat que augmentant un 4.53% la delaminació
inicial respecte a la total en la simulació, els resultats s'aproximen més als experimentals. Per a
concloure, s'ha realitzat una anà lisi de la influència de certs parà metres que ajuden a aconseguir
la convergència. La principal conclusió que s'ha extret és que mitjançant l'ús d'elements cohesius
els resultats són invariables amb el coeficient d'estabilització viscosa.
Finalment els resultats obtinguts en la simulació i en els assajos tenen tendències molt similars,
havent aconseguit caracteritzar en Abaqus, mitjançant l'ajust de parà metres, el comportament del
laminatge.[EN] This project is focused on the achievement of a mode I interlaminar fracture toughness value
by conducting Double Cantilever Beam tests. This test consists of the application of a transvere
force in order to generate a growth of the crack, relating during its execution the force which is
necessary to apply with the displacement. Later, this relation will be compared to the one obtained
using the software Abaqus, which employs the interlaminar fracture toughness value calculated
experimentally.
Studying this problem with a two-dimensional simulation allows to save computational costs
compared to a three-dimensional one, while obtaining good results. Furthermore, cohesive zone
models will be used in order to study the delamination issue with Abaqus. Their main advantage
is their easy implementation and the possibility to predict not only the evolution but also the
beginning of the crack. They are based on traction-separation laws. In this project, the bilineal one
has been chosen. To define it, the main parameters are fracture interlaminar toughness, interfacial
strength, and interface element stiffness prior to damage initiation. The average value of the last
three tests is the one selected as the fracture interlaminar toughness factor. Additionally, after a
sensitivity analysis it has been concluded that to achieve accurate results it is necessary to employ
an element size of 0.15% with respect to the total delamination length and no less than four
elements inside the cohesive zone.
An important difference of the initial slope in the plot that relates the force with the vertical
displacement, has allowed to conclude that the initial delamination length measured during the
tests is not accurate enough. This lack of accuracy can be a consequence of several facts such as
the visual crack growth control or possible uncertainties of the exact force application position.
Moreover, this measure, which can be influenced by multiple factors, has important repercussions
on the material toughness. It has been proved that increasing the initial delamination length a
4.53% with respect to the total one, the results are closer to the experimentals. To conclude, it has
been done an study of the influence of several parameters that help to achieve the convergence.
The main conclusion is that using cohesive elements the results are invariable with the viscous
stabilisation coefficient.
Finally, the simulation and experimental results have similar tendencies, having been able to
characterise laminate behaviour in Abaqus by adjusting cohesive parameters.GarcÃa Carretero, C. (2019). Caracterización de la energÃa de fractura interlaminar en materiales compuestos laminados mediante ensayos double cantilever beam y su modelado mediante el código elementos finitos ABAQUS. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/126124TFG
The cultural heritage: participative management proposal
Uno de los elementos que define a un pueblo es su cultura. Sus bienes culturales, sus costumbres, sus fiestas, su gastronomÃa; en definitiva, su patrimonio cultural, que permite conocerlo y, al mismo tiempo, identifica a las personas que forman parte de esa comunidad, pero, además, gestionado correctamente y con respeto, se puede convertir en un elemento que fomente su desarrollo socioeconómico. Ahora bien, es importante considerar la participación social como un elemento fundamental que debe estar presente desde los primeros momentos de las actuaciones que se planifiquen en este ámbito. La gestión de los bienes culturales, tanto tangibles como intangibles, posibilita diferentes modelos de intervención y, en función del modelo adoptado, las programaciones perseguirán diferentes objetivos, los agentes implicados serán distintos y las funciones y/o tareas que deberán llevar a cabo también variarán. En nuestra propuesta partimos de dos premisas básicas. En primer lugar, creemos que el profesional de la cultura debe ser considerado un agente que ofrezca respuesta a los problemas y/o demandas y que favorezca la autogestión con el fin último de mejorar la calidad de vida y el bienestar de los ciudadanos. En segundo lugar, pensamos que la participación social debe estar presente desde el primer momento; en concreto, que el grupo destinatario de las intervenciones debe tener un papel activo en la actuación cultural hasta llegar al punto de conseguir la gestión autónoma de su propio desarrollo cultural. La integración de estas dos premisas permitirá que los recursos culturales sean tratados como un bien cultural y social que contribuirán al desarrollo social de las personas y grupos que conforman la comunidad. Con todo ello, consideramos que las intervenciones en la gestión del patrimonio se pueden llevar a cabo implementando una estrategia metodológica concreta: la animación sociocultural, puesto que contempla entre sus finalidades, el fomento de la participación y el desarrollo de la autogestión, lo que la convierte en una propuesta idónea para el tema que nos ocupa. Esta propuesta metodológica, aplicada al ámbito de la gestión cultural, permitirá el aprovechamiento de recursos y la puesta en valor del patrimonio cultural desde las organizaciones de base y los propios agentes locales. Las acciones culturales serán generadas partiendo de sus intereses; serán capaces de generar sus recursos e idear acciones que permitan alcanzar los objetivos y atender a las necesidades detectadas. El hecho de que sean partÃcipes de su propio desarrollo es el punto fuerte de esta estrategia de intervención.One of the elements that define a people is their culture. Their cultural, customs, festivals, gastronomy, in short, their cultural heritage, can be understood and, at the same time, identifies people who are part of that community and becomes an element that contributes to development. Now it is important to consider that social participation is a key element that must be present from the first moments of the actions that are planned in this area. The management of cultural property, both tangible and intangible, provides different models of intervention and, depending on the model adopted, schedules pose different objectives are different stakeholders and the functions and / or tasks to be carried out also vary. In our approach we start from two basic premises. First, consider the professional culture should be considered an agent that provides answers to the problems and / or demands and to promote the self with the ultimate aim of improving the quality of life and well-being of citizens. Second, we think that social participation must be present from the outset, namely, that the target group of interventions should take an active role in cultural action to the point of getting the autonomous management of their own cultural development. The integration of these two assumptions allow cultural resources are considered and treated as a social and cultural good that contribute to the social development of individuals and groups that make up the community. With all this, we believe that interventions in heritage management can be carried out by implementing a particular methodological strategy: socio-cultural, since includes among its aims, encouraging participation and self development, which the becomes an ideal proposal for the topic at hand. This methodological proposal applied to the field of cultural management, allow the use of resources and the enhancement of cultural heritage from grassroots organizations and local actors themselves. Cultural actions will be generated based on their interests will be able to generate their resources and develop actions to achieve the objectives and meet the needs identified. The fact become participants in their own development strength of this intervention strategy.peerReviewe
Box 3. Euro area manufacturing bottlenecks
ArtÃculo de revist
Prevalence of Developmental Dyslexia in Spanish University Students
A recent concern in the field of dyslexia studies is the lack of awareness and attention to university students suffering from this condition. If this problem is serious in countries where the relative opacity of the writing system allows for an early detection and, therefore, effective interventions, it is most critical in countries where transparent spelling makes such detection difficult, except in the most severe cases. In Spain, the diagnosis of dyslexia is rare among university-level adults. The present study pursues three aims: (a) to put forward a screening instrument for the detection of university students at risk of dyslexia, (b) to determine the ratio of university students that could be at risk of dyslexia by means of two different procedures, and (c) to create awareness for a disorder that causes hitherto unrecognized difficulties for an important subgroup of the college population. Six hundred and eighty-six university students in four different fields of study within the general area of Social Sciences from a public University in Madrid completed a Spanish-adapted version of a protocol including stress assignment, spelling words and nonwords, and timed phonological working memory of reading and writing task. Results showed that between 1.6% and 6.4% of this population could be at risk of suffering dyslexia. Such risk is not evenly distributed across the four fields of study. As for gender, the first criterion used yields 1.8 males at risk for every female, but the second criterion has as many males as females at risk. Women were significantly better than men in word spelling. Spelling was best predicted by the timed phonological working memory task of reading and writing
Oral squamous cell carcinoma of tongue: Histological risk assessment. A pilot study
Background: More than 90% of malignant tumors diagnosed in the oral cavity are Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC) whose preferred location is the tongue. Classically, this disease has affected men preferentially,
although recent studies suggest that trends are changing and the proportion of women with OSCC is increasing.
In addition, the prevalence of oral cancer is also determined by some risk factors as alcohol consumption and tobacco. Currently, the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) classification is employed to defined tumor stage and based
on this guide specific treatments are established. However, 5-year-survival does not exceed 50% of cases. The
objective of this study is to determine whether a histological risk pattern indicative of higher recurrence might be
present in T1-T2 tumors located in the anterior two thirds of the tongue.
Material and Methods: Samples from 26 patients with OSCC were analyzed and histological risk pattern of recurrent and non-recurrent tumors were compared. We have analyzed histological variables described in Anneroth
and Brandwein-Gensler classifications. Additionally, we have also examined both clinical variables such as age,
sex or comorbidities, as well as habits such as tobacco or alcohol consumption.
Results: We found that sex (male) and keratinization degree (high or moderate) are directly related with OSCC
recurrence. In fact, free illness time is lower in men and higher in those cases with minimal or no keratinization.
Conclusions: Based on the variables analyzed, it has not been possible to establish a histological risk pattern that,
complementary to the TNM classification, could have a predictive role in these early-stage tongue carcinoma
Towards profitable customized solutions in small firms: a matter of relationships, modularity and expertise
Producción CientÃficaPurpose.The decision concerning the degree of product and service customization is crucial, yet has scarcely been studied for small businesses in business-to-business (B2B) contexts. Although such a decision allows relationships with potential customers to be strengthened, it might involve high opportunity costs given the investment required. This paper aims to analyse the profitability of customization undertaken by small businesses in terms of cost–benefit and examine the drivers of profitable customized projects vis-à -vis the ability to strengthen relationships with clients (relationship investment and customer involvement) and the firm’s resources related to processes and technology (expertise and modularity).
Design/methodology/approach.To test the proposed hypotheses, data were collected from 140 small Spanish firms involved in two sectors characterized by the offer of customized solutions: information and professional, scientific and technical services.
Findings.Analysis reveals that customer involvement in the customized solution, even when it requires investing in equipment, time or human resources has a positive effect on customization and ultimately on profitability, as the cost of this customer interaction is lower than the revenue it provides. Likewise, supplier investment in the relationship allows for a solution that is adapted to the client, although it requires a cost associated with investing in specific assets. Such costs cancel out the positive indirect effect through the customized solution. Finally, expertise enables appropriate use of the flexibility derived from modularity to satisfy customer requirements, with both being key company resources for driving profitability through customized solutions.
Originality/value. This study makes a contribution to the domain of customization. The authors extend current knowledge on B2B customization by proving that small firms can use their available capabilities and knowledge to achieve a successful customization strategy.Junta de Castilla y León y the European Regional Development Fund (Project VA219P20)Ministerio de EconomÃa, Industria y Competitividad (Project ECO217-86628-P
El fracaso de los proyectos universitarios en Puerto Rico a fines del siglo XIX
Jornadas sobre la Presencia Universitaria Española en América (4. 1990. Alcalá de Henares)La problemática que dá lugar al largo y fracasado proceso de creación de una
Universidad en Puerto Rico es muy compleja, y abarca desde las dificultades económicas, culturales
y educativas a las polÃticas. Entre éstas las trabas en la legislación metropolitana y en ocasiones
la acción del propio Gobierno insular. Las mentalidades de los distintos grupos polÃtico-sociales van
a jugar asimismo un importante papel a la hora de frenar o impulsar el proyecto. Los elementos
señalados se van a poner de manifiesto a lo largo del proceso que analizamos, como causas que
frenan e incluso impiden totalmente la consecución del objetivo universitario
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