7 research outputs found
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Carrying Position Influences Infant Behavior
Three-month-old infants were carried by their mothers in a soft infant carrier designed for infants being faced inward or faced outward. A within subjects comparison of these two positions revealed that when the infants were carried facing-in, they spent significantly more time sleeping and were rarely actively awake and looking at the environment. In contrast, the infants were more active in the facing-out position including more time moving their arms, head turning, kicking and looking at their environment
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Child psychiatric patients' interactions with their mothers
This study investigated whether child psychiatric patients' and their mothers interacted differently as a function of whether the children were diagnosed as having internalizing or externalizing disorders. Twenty children and their mothers were rated on eight behavior dimensions as they engaged in a ten-minute play session. Maternal depression was found to interact with their children's diagnoses and behavioral ratings
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Legal interviewers use children's affect and eye contact cues to assess credibility of their testimony
Based on interviews with 120 children ranging from age 3 to 12, legal interviewers rated the grade school and middle school age children as competent and as understanding the meaning of lying. The interviewers rated the grade school children as more credible 'witnesses in court' than either the preschool or the middle school age children. The cues they reported using most frequently were affect and eye contact
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Infants of intrusive and withdrawn mothers
Two styles of mother-infant interactions have been observed in depressed mothers, including an intrusive style (overstimulating behavior) and a withdrawn style (understimulating behavior). To examine how these styles affect infants, we assessed 87 infants and their mothers, who had been assigned to “intrusive” or “withdrawn” profiles, based on their face-to-face interactive behaviors with their 3-month-old infants. Behavioral assessments were made at 3, 6, and 12 months. The results indicated that infants of withdrawn mothers showed less optimal interactive behavior, greater relative right frontal EEG asymmetry (due to decreased left frontal EEG activation and increased right frontal EEG activation), and lower Bayley Mental Scale scores at 1 year. Infants of intrusive mothers had higher catecholamine and dopamine levels, and their EEG patterns showed greater relative left frontal EEG asymmetry (due to increased left frontal EEG activation and decreased right frontal EEG activation)
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Food Texture Preferences in Infants Versus Toddlers
Previous research has demonstrated that newborns are capable of preferentially responding to distinct tastes and food-related odors. However, whether infants are also capable of responding to distinct food textures has not been previously investigated. The present research determined whether food texture preferences differ during two developmental periods, infancy and toddlerhood, and whether experience with textures influenced infants' food preferences. In the present research, infants displayed more negative expressions, negative head movements and negative body movements when presented with more complex textures. In contrast, toddlers showed more positive head and body movements and more eagerness for complex textures. The data also suggest that experience with difficult-to-chew textures can facilitate a preference for a more complex texture. The present research adds to our understanding of early perceptual and discriminatory abilities and their development between infancy and early toddlerhood. In addition, the data highlight the need for food texture variation (within the range of the infants' feeding skills) to satisfy the infants' and toddlers' novelty preferences