Estudio de áreas afectadas de inundación en las cuencas del Guadalquivir y Guadalete a partir de imágenes radar del satélite terrasar-x. REDIAM

Las intensas precipitaciones acaecidas en los meses invernales del presente año hidrológico 2009-2010 en toda la región andaluza, han propiciado se produzcan inundaciones en diferentes ámbitos de la región y más concretamente en ámbitos cercanos a las llanuras de inundación de diferentes cuencas hidrográficas. En este sentido es imprescindible estudiar el alcance de la lámina de agua producida por estas crecidas y desbordamientos proporcionando esta situación la mejor oportunidad de cartografiar este aspecto, obteniéndolo directamente y no en base a modelos de simulación. Con este fin se ha hecho uso de la Teledetección mediante la tecnología Radar para la adquisición de imágenes de varios ámbitos de interés, a partir de las cuales se ha obtenido la localización y caracterización de las áreas afectadas. El presente artículo describe los trabajos realizados para la obtención de cartografía de áreas afectadas de inundación en fases de emergencia en cinco ámbitos de la región andaluza, en donde el grado de afección ha sido especialmente relevante, concretamente en la Cuenca Guadalquivir (Andújar- Villa del Río; Alcolea-Córdoba; Palma del Río-Lora del Río; Alcolea del Río-Sevilla) y en la Cuenca del Guadalete.The intense precipitations happened in the winter months of the present hydrological year 2009-2010 in the whole Andalusian region, have propitiated water floods they take place in different environments of the region and more concretely in near environments to the flood plains of different river basins. In this sense it is indispensable to study the reach of the sheet of water taken place by these grown ones and overflows providing this situation the best opportunity to cartography this aspect, obtaining it directly and not based on simulation models. With this end the Remote Sensing by means of the technology Radar for the acquisition of images of several environments of interest, starting from which it has been obtained the localization and characterization of the affected areas. The present article describes the works carried out for the obtaining flood mapping affected areas in emergency phases in five environments of the Andalusian region where the affection degree has been specially excellent, concretely in the Guadalquivir Basin (Andújar-Villa del Río; Alcolea-Córdoba; Palma del Rio-Lora del Rio; Alcolea del Rio-Seville) and in the Guadalete Basin

Producción de ortofotos históricas para la generación de base de datos temáticas. Cartografía de usos y cobertura del suelo. REDIAM

Con objeto de dotar de una base de información multitemporal a la Infraestructura de Información Ambiental de Andalucía y en especial la cartografía de Usos y Coberturas Vegetales del Suelo, es necesario partir de la información histórica disponible y concretamente de los vuelos fotogramétricos históricos a partir de los cuales generar las Bases de Referencia Territoriales Históricas. Para ello, desde la Red de Información Ambiental de Andalucía (Rediam) se ha llevado a cabo la ortorrectificación de vuelos con cobertura completa regional: Vuelo americano de 1956; Vuelo Interministerial de 1977-78 (comúnmente denominado IRYDA) y Vuelo General de 1984-85. Este artículo describe el proceso y metodología desarrollados para la obtención de Bases de Referencia a partir de la ortorrectificación de varios vuelos de todo el ámbito regional, cuyo desarrollo tiene ciertas variaciones respecto al proceso fotogramétrico clásico debido a que se trata de documentación histórica. Los productos obtenidos se integran en el Catálogo de Información Ambiental para su aplicación directa en la obtención de cartografía temática y su difusión a través del Canal de la Red de Información Ambiental de Andalucía: Servicios OGC (WMS), Visor de Descargas de Imágenes del territorio,…Historical photogrammetric flights, which were used to generate historical reference maps, have been used in order to add multitemporal information to Infraestructure for Environment Information in Andalusia and especially to the cartography about land covers and uses. The Andalusian Environmental Information Network (Rediam) has carried out the orthorectification of whole regional coverage flights: the American flight (1956), the Inter-ministerial or IRYDA flight (1977-78) and the General Flight of Spain (1984-85). This paper describes the process and methodology developed to obtain reference maps from the orthorectification of different whole regional coverage flights. The process is different from the classic photogrammetric process given that historical documentation is used.The final products have been integrated in the Environmental Information Catalog for their straight application in the obtaining of thematic cartography and their diffusion through the Andalusian Environmental Information Network Channel: OGC Services (WMS), territorial information viewers,

Nuevos fármacos antiepilépticos en Pediatría

Se estima que unos 70 millones de personas padecen epilepsia a nivel mundial de los cuales más de la mitad son niños, en los que la prevalencia estimada se sitúa en torno al 0,5-0,8%. Aunque existen diversas terapias, el tratamiento de la epilepsia se basa mayoritariamente en fármacos, que en función de su año de comercialización se clasifican como de primera, segunda o tercera generación. En el presente artículo se revisan las principales características de los fármacos antiepilépticos de última generación (lacosamida, acetato de eslicarbazepina, brivaracetam, perampanel, retigabina, everolimus y cannabidiol) que, con excepción de la retigabina (ya no está comercializada), se consideran seguros y efectivos en población pediátrica. El everolimus y el cannabidiol tienen indicaciones muy concretas (esclerosis tuberosa, síndrome de Dravet y síndrome de Lennox Gastaut) mientras que el resto están indicados en el manejo de crisis de origen focal en niños a partir de 4 años. Estas nuevas moléculas han sido desarrolladas para aportar un perfil farmacocinético y de tolerancia superior a los fármacos previamente disponibles y es previsible que a medida que aumente su uso, se vaya perfilando y ampliando su verdadero potencial. Además, por primera vez en epileptología pediátrica, se ha utilizado la extrapolación de datos de efectividad en adultos (junto con estudios de seguridad y farmacocinética específicos en población pediátrica), para acelerar la aprobación de uso en población infantil.It is estimated that about 70 million people all over the world suffer from epilepsy, half of which are children, in whom the prevalence is around 0.5 to 0.8%. Although there are several therapies, the treatment of epilepsy is based mainly on drugs, which, depending on the year of coming onto the market are classified as first, second, or third generation. In this article, a description is presented on the main characteristics of the latest generation of antiepileptic drugs (lacosamide, eslicarbazepine acetate, brivaracetam, perampanel, retigabine, everolimus and cannabidiol). These, with the exception of retigabine (is not yet on the market), are considered safe and effective in the paediatric population. Everolimus and cannabidiol have very specific indications (tuberous sclerosis, Dravet syndrome, and Lennox Gastaut syndrome), while the rest are indicated in the management of seizures of focal origin in children from 4 years-old. These new molecules have been developed in order to provide a pharmaceutical profile and tolerance superior to the previously available drugs, and it is forecast that as their use increases, their true potential and profile will widen. Furthermore, for the first time in Paediatric Epileptology,the extrapolation ofthe efficacy data in adults have been used (together with specific safety and pharmacokinetic studies in the paediatric population), in order to speed up their approval for use in the child population

Time to onset of cannabidiol treatment effect and resolution of adverse events in tuberous sclerosis complex: Post hoc analysis of randomized controlled phase 3 trial GWPCARE6.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the timing of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment effect (seizure reduction and adverse events [AEs]) onset, we conducted a post hoc analysis of GWPCARE6 (NCT02544763), a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). METHODS: Patients received plant-derived pharmaceutical formulation of highly purified CBD (Epidiolex; 100 mg/ml oral solution) at 25 mg/kg/day (CBD25) or 50 mg/kg/day (CBD50) or placebo for 16 weeks (4-week titration, 12-week maintenance). Treatment started at 5 mg/kg/day for all groups and reached 25 mg/kg/day on Day 9 and 50 mg/kg/day on Day 29. Percentage change from baseline in TSC-associated seizure (countable focal or generalized) count was calculated by cumulative day (i.e., including all previous days). Time to onset and resolution of AEs were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 224 patients, 75 were randomized to CBD25, 73 to CBD50, and 76 to placebo. Median (range) age was 11.3 (1.1-56.8) years. Patients had discontinued a median (range) of 4 (0-15) antiseizure medications and were currently taking 3 (0-5). Difference in seizure reduction between CBD and placebo emerged on Day 6 (titrated dose, 15 mg/kg/day) and became nominally significant (p < .049) by Day 10. Separation between placebo and CBD in ≥50% responder rate also emerged by Day 10. Onset of AEs occurred during the first 2 weeks of the titration period in 61% of patients (CBD25, 61%; CBD50, 67%; placebo, 54%). In patients with an AE, resolution occurred within 4 weeks of onset in 42% of placebo and 27% of CBD patients and by end of trial in 78% of placebo and 51% of CBD patients. SIGNIFICANCE: Onset of treatment effect occurred within 6-10 days. AEs lasted longer for CBD than placebo, but the most common (diarrhea, decreased appetite, and somnolence) resolved during the 16-week trial in most patients

Dose-Ranging Effect of Adjunctive Oral Cannabidiol vs Placebo on Convulsive Seizure Frequency in Dravet Syndrome A Randomized Clinical Trial

Question Is adjunctive cannabidiol at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/d superior to placebo in reducing convulsive seizure frequency in patients with Dravet syndrome? Findings This double-blind clinical trial randomized 199 children with Dravet syndrome to cannabidiol (10 or 20 mg/kg/d) or matched placebo for 14 weeks. Convulsive seizure frequency compared with baseline was reduced by 48.7% in the 10-mg/kg/d cannabidiol group and 45.7% in the 20-mg/kg/d cannabidiol group vs 26.9% in the placebo group. Meaning Both doses of adjunctive cannabidiol were similarly efficacious in reducing convulsive seizures associated with Dravet syndrome

Rare disease research workflow using multilayer networks elucidates the molecular determinants of severity in Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024.Exploring the molecular basis of disease severity in rare disease scenarios is a challenging task provided the limitations on data availability. Causative genes have been described for Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (CMS), a group of diverse minority neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders; yet a molecular explanation for the phenotypic severity differences remains unclear. Here, we present a workflow to explore the functional relationships between CMS causal genes and altered genes from each patient, based on multilayer network community detection analysis of complementary biomedical information provided by relevant data sources, namely protein-protein interactions, pathways and metabolomics. Our results show that CMS severity can be ascribed to the personalized impairment of extracellular matrix components and postsynaptic modulators of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering. This work showcases how coupling multilayer network analysis with personalized -omics information provides molecular explanations to the varying severity of rare diseases; paving the way for sorting out similar cases in other rare diseases

Capture the fracture: a best practice framework and global campaign to break the fragility fracture cycle

Summary The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) Capture the Fracture Campaign aims to support implementation of Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) throughout the world. Introduction FLS have been shown to close the ubiquitous secondary fracture prevention care gap, ensuring that fragility fracture sufferers receive appropriate assessment and intervention to reduce future fracture risk. Methods Capture the Fracture has developed internationally endorsed standards for best practice, will facilitate change at the national level to drive adoption of FLS and increase awareness of the challenges and opportunities presented by secondary fracture prevention to key stakeholders. The Best Practice Framework (BPF) sets an international benchmark for FLS, which defines essential and aspirational elements of service delivery. Results The BPF has been reviewed by leading experts from many countries and subject to beta-testing to ensure that it is internationally relevant and fit-for-purpose. The BPF will also serve as a measurement tool for IOF to award ‘Capture the Fracture Best Practice Recognition’ to celebrate successful FLS worldwide and drive service development in areas of unmet need. The Capture the Fracture website will provide a suite of resources related to FLS and secondary fracture prevention, which will be updated as new materials become available. A mentoring programme will enable those in the early stages of development of FLS to learn from colleagues elsewhere that have achieved Best Practice Recognition. A grant programme is in development to aid clinical systems which require financial assistance to establish FLS in their localities. Conclusion Nearly half a billion people will reach retirement age during the next 20 years. IOF has developed Capture the Fracture because this is the single most important thing that can be done to directly improve patient care, of both women and men, and reduce the spiralling fracture-related care costs worldwide.</p

Use of UAVs for fauna detection as support of hunting census. REDIAM

Revista oficial de la Asociación Española de Teledetección[EN] The following paper details the methodology for analyzing the potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as suitable observation platforms for obtaining thermal images of hunting areas, and for the estimation of number of individuals for these populations (fauna, in this case deer). Due to limitations detected in the initial information, some of the work stages are alternative approaches to an optimal process. On this basis, specific technical flight requirements are proposed in order to carry out a more appropriate analysis.[ES] El presente trabajo presenta la metodología seguida para el análisis de la potencialidad de los vehículos no tripulados (UAV) como plataformas de observación adecuadas para la adquisición de imágenes térmicas sobre ámbitos cinegéticos, y la estimación de individuos de estas poblaciones (fauna, en este caso venados). Debido a limitaciones detectadas en la información de partida, algunas fases del trabajo son aproximaciones alternativas a un proceso óptimo. En base a esto, se plantean requerimientos técnicos específicos a los vuelos de cara a realizar un análisis más adecuado.Agradecimiento a ELIMCO SISTEMAS por aportar el vuelo y la información de partida: imágenes y datos adquiridos y a la unidad de I+D+i de la Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua por el interés en el desarrollo de aplicaciones de los UAV como soporte a la gestión ambiental.Prieto Molina, R.; Méndez, E.; Vales, J.; Pino, I.; Carpintero, I.; Granado, L.; Montoya, G.... (2014). Aplicación de UAVS a la detección de fauna como soporte a los censos cinegéticos. REDIAM. Revista de Teledetección. (41):121-131. doi:10.4995/raet.2014.2312.SWORD12113141Kissell, R.E., Tappe, P.A. & Gregory, S.K. 2004. Assessment of population estimators using aerial thermal infrarred Videography data. Lakeside Farms, Wingmead Farms, Inc. and the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission.Naugle, D.E; Jenks, J.A. & Kernohan, B.J, 1996. Use of thermal infrared sensing to estimate density of white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 24 (1), 37-43.Wilde, R.H. & Trotter, C.M. 1999. Detection of Himalayan thar using a thermal infrared camera. Arkansas Game and Fish Commissio

Determinación de biomasa forestal mediante la utilización de técnicas de teledetección con imágenes radar. Estudio piloto en ámbito de la provincia de Huelva. REDIAM

Revista oficial de la Asociación Española de Teledetección[EN] Biomass is a very important forest resource in Andalusia. “Forest Biomass in Andalusia” web tool, developed by the Andalusian Government, provides information about the location and biomass stock for the main pine forest species. It is important to mention that information needs to be regularly, quickly, effectively and inexpensively updated. These requirements could be covered with the help of Earth Observation technologies. In this project, radar images have been acquired from ALOS-PALSAR sensor from different years (2008 and 2010) over two pilot areas located in Huelva. The aim of the study has been to develop a methodology to estimate wood volumes based on the statistic correlation between radar signal and wood volume, variable extracted of forest management plans contemporary to images. As result, correlations of 0.8 and 0.7 have been obtained for pine and eucalyptus respectively. Forest biomass has been calculated using species-specific allometric equations. Three key sources of information have been used: a sample of plots distributed homogeneously, an accurate digital terrain model and a current forest map. Furthermore, the study of the variability of estimated volumes between these dates has been carried out. Methodologies obtained could be extrapolated to the whole region.[ES] La biomasa es un recurso forestal de gran importancia en Andalucía. Por ejemplo, la aplicación WEB “Biomasa Forestal en Andalucía” (Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, 2014) informa al usuario acerca de la ubicación y existencias de biomasa de las principales especies forestales de pino. No obstante, se trata de una información que demanda ser actualizada periódicamente, con rapidez, eficacia y a bajo coste, requisitos que podría cubrir la tecnología basada en Observación de la Tierra. En este artículo se presenta un estudio piloto donde se ha evaluado la tecnología radar, concretamente el sensor ALOS-PALSAR (Advanced Land Observing Satellite - Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar), para medir la biomasa forestal de dos montes públicos de Huelva en Junio de 2008 y de 2010. El objetivo ha sido desarrollar una metodología para la estimación de volúmenes maderables a partir de la correlación estadística de la señal radar con datos coetáneos de volumen maderable, variable extraída de planes de ordenación forestal. Como resultado, se han logrado correlaciones en torno a 0,8 y 0,7 en pino y eucalipto respectivamente. Para la obtención de biomasa a partir de los volúmenes estimados se han usado ecuaciones alométricas específicas para cada especie. Tres son las fuentes de información claves: una muestra de parcelas homogéneamente distribuidas, un modelo digital del terreno preciso y un mapa forestal actual. Por otro lado, se ha llevado a cabo el estudio de la variabilidad de volúmenes estimados entre las fechas mencionadas. La metodología obtenida podría extrapolarse a todo el territorio regional.Méndez, E.; Vales, JJ.; Pino, I.; Granado, L.; Montoya, G.; Prieto, R.; Carpintero, IR.... (2016). Determination of forest biomass using remote sensing techniques with radar images. Pilot study in area of the province of Huelva. REDIAM. Revista de Teledetección. (Special Issue):71-86. doi:10.4995/raet.2016.3984.SWORD7186Special Issu

The systematicity challenge to anti-representational dynamicism

After more than twenty years of representational debate in the cognitive sciences, anti-representational dynamicism may be seen as offering a rival and radically new kind of explanation of systematicity phenomena. In this paper, I argue that, on the contrary, anti-representational dynamicism must face a version of the old systematicity challenge: either it does not explain systematicity, or else, it is just an implementation of representational theories. To show this, I present a purely behavioral and representation-free account of systematicity. I then consider a case of insect sensorimotor systematic behavior: communicating behavior in honey bees. I conclude that anti-representational dynamicism fails to capture the fundamental trait of systematic behaviors qua systematic, i.e., their involving exercises of the same behavioral capacities. I suggest, finally, a collaborative strategy in pursuit of a rich and powerful account of this central phenomenon of high cognition at all levels of explanation, including the representational level