Influence of aqueous ozonation on physicochemical properties and incidence of phytopathogens in minimally processed strawberries

Minimally processed strawberries are perishable and susceptible to the development of pathogenic agents, making their post-harvest life limited. Thus, sanitization is a crucial step to ensure the quality of this produce. The objective was to evaluate the effect of treatment with ozone gas dissolved in water on the physicochemical properties and the incidence of pathogens in minimally processed strawberries stored under refrigeration. After minimal processing, “Camino Real” strawberries were submitted to five different treatments: immersion in ozonated water (OW) at three different concentrations (0.2; 0.5; and 1.0 mg L-1) at 10 ºC for 5 min; chlorine sanitization (Sumaveg®) in two steps, at 150 mg L-1 and 5 mg L-1, at 10 ºC for 10 min. The control treatment corresponded to fruits without sanitation. After the treatments, the fruits were stored under refrigeration at 5 ºC and 90% RH and evaluated for 12 days regarding postharvest quality (physical, physicochemical and biochemical), as well as the incidence of diseased fruits (%). The results showed that the sanitization of fruits with ozonized water, regardless of the concentration, favored the quality and health of strawberries during storage compared to fruits subjected to sanitization with chlorinated water and control fruits. Ozonated water treatment is an alternative to traditional sanitization with chlorine, maintaining the physicochemical quality of the minimally processed “Camino Real” strawberries stored under refrigeration

Effect of cellulose microcrystals in starch and chitosan-based films properties

Cellulose microcrystals (CMC) can be used as reinforcing material in the preparation of composite films. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CMC in starch and chitosan-based films properties. Starch/CMC and Chitosan/CMC composite films were formulated with 1% (w/v) of biopolymer, 0.25% (w/wbiopolymer) glycerol and 0.1% or 0.2% of CMC. The solutions were prepared at 70◦C during 30 min under stirring and submitted to 45 min of ultrasonication. Afterwards were dried in an air-circulating oven at 30◦C for 24 h. The effect of CMC incorporation was evaluated in respect to the surface morphology on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Solubility was expressed as percentage of the film dry matter solubilized after 24 h immersion in distilled water, and mechanical properties were measured using a texture analyzer following the guidelines of ASTM D 882-10. X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) were used to evaluate the crystallinity of the samples. SEM micrographs of films with the incorporation of CMC revealed an irregular structure with high heterogeneity and that the roughness of the surface of the films increased for higher concentrations of CMC. Nevertheless, the surface of starch and chitosan films in the absence of CMC are smooth. Regarding to XRD patterns, it was observed that the addition of CMC leads to the presence of reflection peaks at 2θ=22.5° which are related to the cellulose crystalline structure. The values of solubility in water for films with 0.1% and 0.2% of MCM are statistically lower (p<0.05) than for chitosan and starch control films, thus indicating that the presence of CMC reduces the solubility of the film in water. The incorporation of CMC in films decreased the tensile strength values of starch-based films and the elongation at break (p<0.05). Regarding chitosan-based films the incorporation of CMC showed to be effective in increasing the tensile strength values, however leads to a decrease of elongation at break values. Overall, results showed that the incorporation of CMC in chitosan and starch-based films can be used to change the properties of the films and that according to the biopolymer used distinct behaviors can be obtained

Impactos da violência obstétrica às mulheres brasileiras: uma revisão integrativa

The aim is to identify scientific studies about obstetric violence caused by health professionals and to evaluate its consequences. This is an integrative literature review of articles published in Portuguese selected from the VHL, WoS, SciELO and PubMed databases. The articles were chosen through the search with the descriptors: Obstetric violence, health professionals, women, Brazil and health impacts, using the Boolean operator AND as a tool for crossing the descriptors. Nine articles published in the period from 2015 to 2022 were reviewed. Obstetric violence can be associated with verbal and psychological offenses, for that it is necessary to detect the physical and psychological impacts of such impetuosity, since it has repercussions on trauma, pain, postpartum depression, development of anxiety and lower demand for health services after childbirth. It appears, therefore, the existence of limitations involving the theme, due to the scarcity of direct and objective literature, requiring the development of more research.Objetiva-se identificar estudos científicos acerca da violência obstétrica causada por profissionais da área da saúde e avaliar suas consequências. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos publicados em português selecionados nas bases de dados BVS, WoS, SciELO e PubMed. Os artigos foram escolhidos por meio da busca com os descritores: Violência obstétrica, profissionais da saúde, mulheres, Brasil e impactos na saúde, sendo utilizado o operador booleano AND como ferramenta para o cruzamento dos descritores. Foram revisados 09 artigos publicados no período de 2015 a 2022. A violência obstétrica pode estar associada a ofensas verbais e psicológicas, para tanto é necessário detectar os impactos físicos e psicológicos de tal impetuosidade, visto que repercute em traumas, dores, depressão pós-parto, desenvolvimento de ansiedade e menor procura nos serviços de saúde após o parto. Depreende-se, portanto, a existência de limitações envolvendo a temática, devido à escassez na literatura direta e objetiva, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas

Impactos da violência obstétrica às mulheres brasileiras: uma revisão integrativa

The aim is to identify scientific studies about obstetric violence caused by health professionals and to evaluate its consequences. This is an integrative literature review of articles published in Portuguese selected from the VHL, WoS, SciELO and PubMed databases. The articles were chosen through the search with the descriptors: Obstetric violence, health professionals, women, Brazil and health impacts, using the Boolean operator AND as a tool for crossing the descriptors. Nine articles published in the period from 2015 to 2022 were reviewed. Obstetric violence can be associated with verbal and psychological offenses, for that it is necessary to detect the physical and psychological impacts of such impetuosity, since it has repercussions on trauma, pain, postpartum depression, development of anxiety and lower demand for health services after childbirth. It appears, therefore, the existence of limitations involving the theme, due to the scarcity of direct and objective literature, requiring the development of more research.Objetiva-se identificar estudos científicos acerca da violência obstétrica causada por profissionais da área da saúde e avaliar suas consequências. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos publicados em português selecionados nas bases de dados BVS, WoS, SciELO e PubMed. Os artigos foram escolhidos por meio da busca com os descritores: Violência obstétrica, profissionais da saúde, mulheres, Brasil e impactos na saúde, sendo utilizado o operador booleano AND como ferramenta para o cruzamento dos descritores. Foram revisados 09 artigos publicados no período de 2015 a 2022. A violência obstétrica pode estar associada a ofensas verbais e psicológicas, para tanto é necessário detectar os impactos físicos e psicológicos de tal impetuosidade, visto que repercute em traumas, dores, depressão pós-parto, desenvolvimento de ansiedade e menor procura nos serviços de saúde após o parto. Depreende-se, portanto, a existência de limitações envolvendo a temática, devido à escassez na literatura direta e objetiva, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas

Cellulose nanocrystals from grape pomace and their use for the development of starch-based nanocomposite films

Nanocomposite films prepared from starch (ST) in the presence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was performed using grape pomace as raw material. CNCs were obtained by acid hydrolysis and added to filmogenic solutions (1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 g/100 g of ST). Cellulose, CNCs and Nanocomposites were characterized. Amorphous non-cellulosic materials were removed from the grape pomace presented values for CrI 64% and 71% and yield 12 and 70% in Cellulose and CNCs, respectively. Nanocomposites showed smaller permeability and the addition of 5 to 15% CNCs formed more opaque films and had improved tensile strength and Youngs modulus. The addition of CNCs from 5 to 15% proved to be effective in improving mechanical properties and decreasing water vapor permeability, important characteristics in food packaging materials. This study provided an effective method to obtain CNCs from the agroindustrial waste and open the way to produce high-value starch based nanocomposites.The authors are grateful for financial support provided by FAPERJ - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (E-26.202749/2018), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (311936/2018-0), and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES). The support during transmission electron microscopy analyses provided by the LABNANO/CBPF is also very much appreciated.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Companhia de Jesus na Índia e o Colégio de São Paulo em Goa: vicissitudes de 1552 a 1558

The Jesuit presence in the State of India dates back to 1542, when Francisco Xavier arrived in Goa. In 1548, the Jesuits founded the College of São Paulo, which became the reference center for the activities of the Society of Jesus in the East. The objective of this work is to discuss the College of São Paulo and the activities undertaken through it in the period between 1552 and 1558. In 1552 Francisco Xavier sets out on his mission to China, leaving Father Gaspar Barzeo in his place. Xavier's death still occurs in 1552 and that of Barzeo in 1553. After that, there is a period that we call in the work as a “command vacuum” in the Jesuit hierarchy in India, only remedied with the arrival of the new provincial and rector, in 1558. The sources used are contained in volumes II, III and IV of the Documenta Indica and in volume V of the Documentation for the history of the missions of the Portuguese Patronage of the East. It is concluded that the activities undertaken by these priests are, above all, cultural, religious and educational activities. Looking at these activities and their impacts on the local society at the time helps us to understand the dynamics of social and cultural interactions and power relations existing in the period studied. Key words: College of São Paulo. Company of Jesus. Goa. State of India.&nbsp;A presença jesuítica no Estado da Índia remonta ao ano de 1542, quando Francisco Xavier chega a Goa. Em 1548, os jesuítas fundam o Colégio de São Paulo, que passa a ser o centro referencial das atividades da Companhia de Jesus no Oriente. O objetivo deste artigo é versar sobre o Colégio de São Paulo e as atividades por meio dele empreendidas no período entre 1552 e 1558. Em 1552 Francisco Xavier sai em sua missão rumo à China, deixando em seu lugar o padre Gaspar Barzeo. A morte de Xavier ocorre ainda em 1552 e a de Barzeo em 1553. Depois disso, há um período que denominamos no trabalho como um “vazio de comando” na hierarquia jesuítica na Índia, apenas sanada com a chegada dos novos provincial e reitor, em 1558. A fontes utilizadas estão contidas nos volumes II, III e IV da Documenta Indica e no volume V da Documentação para a história das missões do Padroado português do Oriente. Conclui-se que as atividades empreendidas por estes padres são, sobretudo, atividades culturais, religiosas, educacionais. Olhar para tais atividades e seus impactos na sociedade local da época nos ajudam a compreender a dinâmica das interações sociais, culturais e das relações de poder existentes no período estudado.Palavras-chave: Colégio de São Paulo. Companhia de Jesus. Goa. Estado da Índia

Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

ests face increasing climate risk, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk, little is known about how these vary across Earth’s largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth–mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink

Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Funding: Data collection was largely funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project TREMOR (NE/N004655/1) to D.G., E.G. and O.P., with further funds from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001) to J.V.T. and a University of Leeds Climate Research Bursary Fund to J.V.T. D.G., E.G. and O.P. acknowledge further support from a NERC-funded consortium award (ARBOLES, NE/S011811/1). This paper is an outcome of J.V.T.’s doctoral thesis, which was sponsored by CAPES (GDE 99999.001293/2015-00). J.V.T. was previously supported by the NERC-funded ARBOLES project (NE/S011811/1) and is supported at present by the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (grant no. 2019-03758 to R.M.). E.G., O.P. and D.G. acknowledge support from NERC-funded BIORED grant (NE/N012542/1). O.P. acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. R.S.O. was supported by a CNPq productivity scholarship, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Microsoft 11/52072-0) and the US Department of Energy, project GoAmazon (FAPESP 2013/50531-2). M.M. acknowledges support from MINECO FUN2FUN (CGL2013-46808-R) and DRESS (CGL2017-89149-C2-1-R). C.S.-M., F.B.V. and P.R.L.B. were financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001). C.S.-M. received a scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 140353/2017-8) and CAPES (science without borders 88881.135316/2016-01). Y.M. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (GEM-TRAITS, 321131) for supporting the Global Ecosystems Monitoring (GEM) network (gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk), within which some of the field sites (KEN, TAM and ALP) are nested. The authors thank Brazil–USA Collaborative Research GoAmazon DOE-FAPESP-FAPEAM (FAPESP 2013/50533-5 to L.A.) and National Science Foundation (award DEB-1753973 to L. Alves). They thank Serrapilheira Serra-1709-18983 (to M.H.) and CNPq-PELD/POPA-441443/2016-8 (to L.G.) (P.I. Albertina Lima). They thank all the colleagues and grants mentioned elsewhere [8,36] that established, identified and measured the Amazon forest plots in the RAINFOR network analysed here. The authors particularly thank J. Lyod, S. Almeida, F. Brown, B. Vicenti, N. Silva and L. Alves. This work is an outcome approved Research Project no. 19 from ForestPlots.net, a collaborative initiative developed at the University of Leeds that unites researchers and the monitoring of their permanent plots from the world’s tropical forests [61]. The authros thank A. Levesley, K. Melgaço Ladvocat and G. Pickavance for ForestPlots.net management. They thank Y. Wang and J. Baker, respectively, for their help with the map and with the climatic data. The authors acknowledge the invaluable help of M. Brum for kindly providing the comparison of vulnerability curves based on PAD and on PLC shown in this manuscript. They thank J. Martinez-Vilalta for his comments on an early version of this manuscript. The authors also thank V. Hilares and the Asociación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER, Puerto Maldonado, Peru); V. Saldaña and Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for local field campaign support in Peru; E. Chavez and Noel Kempff Natural History Museum for local field campaign support in Bolivia; ICMBio, INPA/NAPPA/LBA COOMFLONA (Cooperativa mista da Flona Tapajós) and T. I. Bragança-Marituba for the research support.Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ