Os bisfosfonatos realmente trazem benefícios quanto à redução de fratura óssea? / Are bisphosphonates really beneficial in reducing bone fractures?

Os bisfosfonatos estão no ramo reumatológico com o intuito de reduzir as fraturas ósseas vertebrais e não vertebrais a mais de duas décadas. São utilizados mais frequentemente por mulheres na pós-menopausa, as quais apresentam maiores números de população com osteoporoses e consequentes fraturas por essa perda mineral óssea. O tratamento com os bisfosfonatos possuem efeitos adversos principalmente em relações aos efeitos colaterais em tratamentos prolongados, os quais são causas de questionamento sobre sua indicação, isso porque, além dos efeitos colaterais, estudos mostram que essa pode ser uma terapia que não gera resultados no aumento da densitometria óssea dos pacientes em risco e em alguns casos, chegam a trazer malefícios para o paciente como o aumento de fraturas. Portanto, o tratamento com o uso de bisfosfonatos por meio dos estudos apresentados não são justificados devido a possibilidade da maleficência ao paciente que é vetado ao médico de acordo com o código de ética médica

COVID-Inconfidentes - SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two Brazilian urban areas during the pandemic first wave: study protocol and initial results

Background: A population study is an important tool that can be used to understand the actual epidemiological scenario of the Covid-19 in different territories, identify its magnitude, understand its transmission dynamics, and its demographic, geographical, and social distribution. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of two Brazilian cities during the pandemic first wave and subsequent socioeconomic and health effects. Materials & methods: This paper described the methodological procedures adopted and the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. A household survey was conducted between October and December 2020, in two historic cities of Brazil's mining region. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was detected using the Wondfo® rapid test. The face-to-face interview consisted of administration of a questionnaire containing registration data, sociodemographic and economic variables, living habits, general health condition, mental health, sleep habits, and eating and nutrition. Results: We evaluated 1,762 residents, of which 764 (43.4%) were in Mariana and 998 (56.6%) in Ouro Preto. For both cities, 51.9% of the interviewees were female, with a predominance of the age range 35 to 59 years old (47.2%). The prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.5% in all cities, 6.2% in Ouro Preto, and 4.7% in Mariana. The prevalence was similar between cities (P>0.05). Conclusion: The study was effective in verifying the seroprevalence of infection by the virus and its findings will enable further analyses of the health conditions of the population related to social isolation and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2

Quais são as novas evidências para o manejo das dislipidemias? Uma revisão integrativa

As dislipidemias se encontram difundidas amplamente na população brasileira, com uma prevalência de 24,8% e de até 75% em indivíduos obesos. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar novos avanços para a abordagem terapêutica das dislipidemias, documentados por meio de estudos clínicos e randomizados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos e testes controlados e randomizados; artigos publicados no último ano; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca do manejo das dislipidemias. Ficou constatado que a terapia conjunta de pitavastatina e ezetimiba reduz, de forma significativa, os níveis de LDL-colesterol quando comparado com a monoterapia com pitavastatina, sem aumentar o número de eventos adversos gerais. Outra medida eficaz, ao se combinar a ezetimiba com a atorvastatina, houve uma maior eficácia na redução do nível de LDL-colesterol quando comparado com a monoterapia com atorvastatina. Além disso, observa-se o impacto positivo da suplementação de produto rico em polifenóis para a redução de lipídios no sangue, possibilitando um efeito protetor contra a aterosclerose, da mesma forma que a suplementação oral combinada de hidroxitirosol e punicalagina, a qual reduziu, de forma significativa, os níveis plasmáticos de LDL-colesterol e de triglicerídeos. Por fim, o uso do recaticimabe também pode ser aplicado como terapia adjuvante à estatina em indivíduos com hipercolesterolemia, reduzindo o nível de LDL-colesterol e tornando-se uma nova opção de tratamento segura e eficaz para o manejo de tal dislipidemia

Prevalência de traumas em membros inferiores de pacientes atendidos pela fisioterapia no Hospital Regional de Ceilândia

Objetivos: verificar o perfil epidemiológico e a prevalência dos traumatismos de membros inferiores de pacientes atendidos por fisioterapeutas em um hospital público do Distrito Federal, demonstrando essa prevalência quanto à região anatômica, o tipo e o mecanismo de lesão e realizar uma análise da função muscular dos membros inferiores de dados de uma avaliação inicial. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal baseado na análise dos dados de fichas de avaliação realizadas durante o projeto Prevenção de Deformidades Ortopédicas em Pessoas com Deficiência Física do PET/Saúde Redes de Atenção à Saúde entre 2013 a 2015. Resultados: Foram analisadas no total 224 fichas, em que houve predomínio do sexo masculino (72,32%), idade média de 42,47±19,59 anos, etnia parda (43,30%), situação conjugal solteiro (40,63%), escolaridade de ensino fundamental completo (57,14%). A região anatômica mais acometida foi o fêmur (27,68%), a fratura (80,36%) foi o tipo de lesão mais prevalente, e o acidente de trânsito (43,75%) foi o mecanismo de lesão mais predominante. Quanto à função muscular avaliada inicialmente, no quadril e joelho houve prevalência de força muscular boa, no pé força muscular ruim e no hálux e artelhos função muscular regular

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery