435 research outputs found
Carol and Ken Boyd
Carol and Ken Boyd, both class of 1961, discuss their lives before and after attending Illinois Wesleyan. They go into detail on their children, the School of Music, and religion. They stress the importance of attending a liberal arts college and how it had impacted their lives
Coming to terms with the nonmedical use of prescription medications
In this commentary we highlight limitations with the way nonmedical use of prescription medications has been measured in U.S. national studies. We also offer an alternative way of conceptualizing the nonmedical use of prescription medications for future study
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Desistance, Self-treatment, or Substitution: Decisions about Cannabis Use During Pregnancy
Cannabis is the most commonly used drug during pregnancy in the United States and Canada, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that all pregnant individuals be screened for cannabis use and counseled regarding potential adverse health impacts of use. However, those considering or using cannabis during pregnancy report experiencing stigma and lack of information from health care providers and, thus, frequently rely on friends, family, and the internet for information. This article describes 3 types of decisions individuals may be making about cannabis use during pregnancy and suggests approaches health care providers may take to minimize judgment and provide optimal support for informed cannabis use decisions among pregnant individuals. Desistance decisions involve consideration of whether and how to reduce or stop using during pregnancy. Selfâtreatment decisions are made by those exploring cannabis to help alleviate troublesome symptoms such as nausea or anxiety. Substitution decisions entail weighing whether to use cannabis instead of another substance with greater perceived harms. Health care providers should be able to recognize the various types of cannabis use decisions that are being made in pregnancy and be ready to have a supportive conversation to provide current and evidenceâbased information to individuals making desistance, selfâtreatment, and substitution decisions. Individuals making desistance decisions may require support with potential adverse consequences such as withdrawal or return of symptoms for which cannabis was being used, as well as potentially navigating social situations during which cannabis use is expected. Those making selfâtreatment decisions should be helped to fully explore treatment options for their symptoms, including evidence on risks and benefits. Regarding substitution decisions, health care providers should endeavor to help pregnant individuals understand the available evidence regarding risks and benefits of available options and be open to revisiting the topic over time
Race/ethnicity and gender differences in drug use and abuse among college students
This study examines race/ethnicity and gender differences in drug use and abuse for substances other than alcohol among undergraduate college students. A probability-based sample of 4,580 undergraduate students at a Midwestern research university completed a cross-sectional Web-based questionnaire that included demographic information and several substance use measures. Male students were generally more likely to report drug use and abuse than female students. Hispanic and White students were more likely to report drug use and abuse than Asian and African American students prior to coming to college and during college. The findings of the present study reveal several important racial/ethnic differences in drug use and abuse that need to be considered when developing collegiate drug prevention and intervention efforts.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377408/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377408/Accepted manuscrip
The antecedents of women's crack cocaine abuse: Family substance abuse, sexual abuse, depression and illicit drug use
Young African-American women are the fastest growing group of crack cocaine users in the United States. Despite this increase, relatively little is known about women who use crack cocaine and the possible reasons for their drug use. This descriptive, exploratory study focused on data from a sample of 105, predominantly African-American women who use(d) crack cocaine, of whom 60 were in drug treatment and 45 were still using crack cocaine. Significant correlations were found between variables such as family drug use, first age of sexual abuse, age of first depressive symptoms and age of first illicit drug use. These data are consistent with other studies which have noted high rates of depression and sexual abuse in samples of predominantly Euro-American, alcoholic women. Implications for the treatment of women are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30608/1/0000245.pd
Functional and structural social support, substance use and sexual orientation from a nationally representative sample of US adults
Background and AimsSexual minority (SM) populations experience higher rates of substance use disorder (SUD) associated with increased sexual orientationârelated stress. Social support may moderate the impact of stress on SUD among SM adults. This study assessed associations between social support and DSMâ5 SUD by sex and sexual minority identity.DesignCrossâsectional study using data from the 2012â13 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARCâIII).Setting and participantsA nationally representative crossâsectional sample of adults (n = 36â309) in the United States.MeasurementsSUD were defined based on the DSMâ5 criteria for alcohol use (AUD), tobacco use (TUD) and drug use (DUD) disorders. Structural social support was measured as the type and frequency of kin and nonâkin contact, and functional social support was measured by the Social Provision Scale.FindingsSM adults had higher odds of all SUD compared to heterosexual adults [AUD = 1.535, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.782â1.844; TUD = 1.512, 95% CI = 1.234â1.854; DUD = 1.520, 95% CI = 1.139â2.028]; SM women experienced the highest proportion of all SUD (AUD = 27.1%, TUD = 29.1%, DUD = 10.9%). Type of social support was differentially associated with SUD by sex and sexual identity status. Higher social provision was associated with lower rates of AUD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.771, 95% CI = 0.705â0.844], TUD (aOR = 0.747, 95% CI = 0.694â0.804] and DUD (aOR = 0.558, 95% CI = 0.490â0.636). Marriage was associated with lower SUD among heterosexual men (AUD, aOR = 0.500, 95% CI = 0.432â0.579; TUD, aOR = 0.603, 95% CI = 0.521â0.699; DUD, aOR = 0.504, 95% CI = 0.369â0.689) and women (AUD, aOR = 0.637, 95% CI = 0.529â0.767; TUD = 0.0.584, 95% CI = 0.507â0.671; DUD, aOR = 0.515, 95% CI = 0.372â0.712). Compared to heterosexual adults, SM women with at least one child under the age of 18 years had higher odds of TUD (aOR = 1.990, 95% CI = 1.325â2.988). SMârelated discrimination was not associated with SUD among some SM subgroups, but discrimination among male heterosexually identifying individuals reporting sameâsex attraction or behavior was associated AUD (aOR = 4.608, 95% CI = 1.615â13.14).ConclusionsIn the United States there are significant associations between functional support (quality or provision of support) and structural support (type and frequency of social networks) and substance use disorder (SUD) which differ by sex and sexual identity status.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154284/1/add14819.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154284/2/add14819_am.pd
Initiation Sequence of EâCigarette and Cigarette Smoking among US Adolescents: A National Study
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149688/1/ajad12886_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149688/2/ajad12886.pd
Illicit Methylphenidate Use in an Undergraduate Student Sample: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90236/1/phco.23.5.609.32210.pd
Sports involvement, injury history, and nonâmedical use of prescription opioids among college students: An analysis with a national sample
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141733/1/ajad12657.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141733/2/ajad12657_am.pd
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