Spanish Customer Satisfaction Indices by Cumulative Panel Data

In this paper, we present a new theoretical representation of the Consumer Satisfaction Index (CSI) based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). We use panel data collected by an automotive magazine to apply our approach and assess the applicability in the field of marketing by formulating a competitive strategy in the Spanish automobile industry. The basic structure of the CSI is based upon well established theories and approaches to customer satisfaction (see Fornell 1992; Fornell et al., 1996). The structure based upon these theories consists of a number of latent factors, each of which is operationalised by multiple measures. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new way of representing the structure of Spanish Consumer Satisfaction (CS) in the automobile industry to study and compare the implications of its representations. We will discuss that CSI is a global evaluation constructed on the basis of its particular component evaluations. Apart from building a new way of representing the structure of CS, this work tries to correct for the bias produced by the particular method of calculus employed by the magazine.Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), factor analysis, cumulative panel data

Índices de Satisfacción del Consumidor: una aplicación de Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales a la Industria Automovilística Española

El objetivo del presente trabajo es la obtención de la variable latente Satisfacción Global del Consumidor (SGC), a partir de 25 indicadores proporcionados por la revista Autopista para 130 modelos de coches. La metodología empleada es la modelización mediante Sistemas de Ecuaciones Estructurales basándonos en consideraciones teóricas y en las variables latentes observadas en un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio previo. Cómo resultado se obtienen tres factores de satisfacción del consumidor en los que subyacen los siguientes factores parciales: Apariencia, Comportamiento, Economía, Prestaciones técnicas, Potencia y Habitabilidad. Los dos primeros factores se establecen como modelos de Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio de segundo orden. Las conclusiones de este trabajo permiten una mejor comprensión de las dimensiones de la satisfacción del consumidor y una mejora en la estimación de los índices.análisis factorial confirmatorio, satisfacción global del consumidor

Multiple table factor analysis applied to the higher education competences

Due to the recent implantation of the Bologna process, the definition of competences in Higher Education is an important matter that deserves special attention and requires a detailed analysis. For that reason, we study the importance given to severa! competences for the professional activity and the degree to which these competences have been achieved through the received education. The answers include also competences observed in two periods of time given by individuals of multiple characteristics. In this context and in order to obtain synthesized results, we propose the use of Multiple Table Factor Analysis. Through this analysis, individuals are described by severa! groups, showing the most important variability factors of the individuals and allowing the analysis of the common structure ofthe different data tables. The obtained results will allow us finding out the existence or absence of a common structure in the answers of the various data tables, knowing which competences have similar answer structure in the groups of variables, as well as characterizing those answers through the individuals

Textos filosóficos de Miguel Antonio Caro : compilación y presentaciones

Esta obra es una herramienta para investigadores interesados en la producción intelectual de Miguel Antonio Caro y en su influencia sobre la formación de la nación y el panorama intelectual de Colombia y, hasta cierto punto, de Latinoamérica en el siglo XIX. Es una compilación de los textos filosóficos de Caro acompañados por una breve presentación de cada uno de ellos, una introducción y un prólogo

Futuros arquitectos formadores: didáctica de la Arquitectura en la escuela

La enseñanza de la Arquitectura está reservada a los estudiantes: futuros arquitectos y arquitectas a quienes se les presupone actitud y aptitud para repensar la forma de habitar y de construir. Una vez formados en el manejo de diferentes disciplinas y ejercitados para el dominio de destrezas arquitectónicas, la sociedad pone en sus manos la responsabilidad de conformar nuestra forma de vivir, de relacionarnos, en definitiva, de ser. La educación temprana en conceptos arquitectónicos desarrolla en la persona capacidades que la hacen más creativa, independiente y, sobre todo, más crítica con su entorno construido. Enseñar Arquitectura a los niños y niñas es innovar fomentando un futuro donde todos y todas seamos capaces de replantear nuestra ocupación del territorio desde el conocimiento. En la actualidad, la introducción de la arquitectura en centros educativos es una realidad. Formar a estudiantes de arquitectura para que, durante su vida profesional, enseñen arquitectura a los niños y niñas, no sólo es un nuevo enfoque profesional sino que asegura una oportunidad para que mañana, ciudad y vivienda sean, al menos, diferentes. Este trabajo estudia el método de enseñar arquitectura a niños y niñas con ejemplos prácticos como base para su introducción en las Escuelas de Arquitectura

Smoking cessation opportunities in severe mental illness (tobacco intensive motivational and estimate risk — TIMER—): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: There is an increased risk of premature death in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Respiratory disorders and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of increased mortality rates in these patients, and tobacco consumption remains the most preventable risk factor involved. Developing new tools to motivate patients towards cessation of smoking is a high priority. Information on the motivational value of giving the lung age and prevention opportunities is unknown in this high-risk population. Methods/design: This article describes in detail a protocol developed to evaluate an intensive motivational tool, based on the individual risks of pulmonary damage and prevention opportunities. It is designed as a randomized, 12-month, follow-up, multicenter study. A minimum of 204 smokers will be included, aged 40 years and older, all of whom are patients diagnosed with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be evaluated using spirometry, and the diagnosis will then be validated by a pneumologist and the lung age estimated. Based on this value, a motivational message about prevention will be issued for the intervention group, which will be reinforced by individualized text messages over a period of 3 months. The efficacy of the method and the pulmonary damage variables will be evaluated: smoking cessation at the end of follow-up will be confirmed by cooximetry, and the COPD diagnosis and the severity of the staging for disease will be assessed. Discussion: In the context of community care, screening and early detection of lung damage could potentially be used, together with mobile technology, in order to produce a prevention message, which may provide patients with SMI with a better chance of quitting smoking

Anti-Inflammatory (M2) Response Is Induced by a sp(2)-Iminosugar Glycolipid Sulfoxide in Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and is directly associated with inflammatory processes. Currently, neuro-inflammation is considered an early event in DR and proceeds via microglia polarization. A hallmark of DR is the presence of retinal reactive gliosis. Here we report the beneficial effect of (S (S),1R)-1-docecylsulfiny-5N,6O-oxomethylidenenojirimycin ((Ss)-DS-ONJ), a member of the sp(2)-iminosugar glycolipid (sp(2)-IGL) family, by decreasing iNOS and inflammasome activation in Bv.2 microglial cells exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Moreover, pretreatment with (Ss)-DS-ONJ increased Heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 as well as interleukin 10 (IL10) expression in LPS-stimulated microglial cells, thereby promoting M2 (anti-inflammatory) response by the induction of Arginase-1. The results strongly suggest that this is the likely molecular mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of (S (S))-DS-ONJ in microglia. (S (S))-DS-ONJ further reduced gliosis in retinal explants from type 1 diabetic BB rats, which is consistent with the enhanced M2 response. In conclusion, targeting microglia polarization dynamics in M2 status by compounds with anti-inflammatory activities offers promising therapeutic interventions at early stages of DR

Disponibilidad y promoción de alcohol según la tipología de los locales y las condiciones socioeconómicas del área

Smoking and substance use during pregnancy are major preventable causes of mortality and morbidity, having a bidirectional and deleterious relationship with the mental health of the mother and child. As part of the WOMAP (Woman Mental Health and Addictions on Pregnancy) initiative, our study aimed to describe the prevalence of co-occurring mental illness and substance use problems, diagnoses and severity of those considered at risk and rates of treatment.A screening of 2,014 pregnant women was done using the AC-OK scale and they were asked about their smoking habits and services use for mental health/substance abuse. Of these, 170 women were considered at risk of co-occurring mental illness and substance use problems (≥ 2 positive responses to the AC-OK-Mental Health subscale, ≥ 1 positive response to the AC-OK-Substance Abuse subscale and/or smoking more than once a month and no use of specialized services) and were assessed with a more extensive battery of measures (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], General Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5], Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST] and Fagerström).In the last year, 614 women (30.5%) smoked tobacco (42.5% daily) and 9.8% were positive for both substance use and mental illness per the AC-OK. Only 11.1% of them received specific treatment in the previous three months while another 13.6% were scheduled to attend services in the following month. From the subsample assessed in depth, 62(36.5%) endorsed at least moderate depression, 35(20.6%) endorsed at least moderate anxiety, 32(18.8%) endorsed PTSD on the PCL, and 37 out of 88 alcohol users scored above the threshold in AUDIT (≥ 3).In conclusion, high prevalence and low treatment rates suggest that effective detection mechanisms should be integrated into usual care, allowing for early interventions. ------------------------------------------------------------------ El tabaquismo y el consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo son importantes causas prevenibles de morbimortalidad, teniendo una relación bidireccional y deletérea con la salud mental de la madre y el niño. Como parte de la iniciativa WOMAP (Woman Mental Health and Addictions on Pregnancy), se estudiaron 2014 embarazadas buscando describir la prevalencia de trastornos mentales y por uso de sustancias concurrentes, las tasas de tratamiento y los diagnósticos y la gravedad. Las participantes fueron evaluadas con la escala AC-OK y se les preguntó sobre sus hábitos tabáquicos y uso de servicios de salud mental/sustancias. De las participantes, 170 mujeres resultaron positivas para un trastorno mental y por uso de sustancias concurrentes (≥ 2 positivos a la subescala AC-OK-Salud Mental, ≥ 1 positivos a la subescala AC-OK-Sustancias y/o fumar más de una vez al mes y no estar en tratamiento) y fueron evaluadas en profundidad mediante una batería de escalas (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], General Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist [PCL-5], Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST] y Fagerström). En el último año, 614 mujeres (30,5 %) fumaron tabaco (42,5 % diariamente) y el 9,8 % fueron positivas para problemas por uso de sustancias y salud mental según la AC-OK. Solo el 11,1 % había recibido tratamiento en los tres meses previos y solo un 13,6 % tenía una cita en el siguiente mes. De las 170 pacientes evaluadas secundariamente, 62(36,5 %) presentaron al menos depresión moderada, 35(20,6 %) al menos ansiedad moderada, 32(18,8 %) fueron positivas a la PCL-5, y 37 de las 88 que reconocieron uso de alcohol puntuaron por encima del umbral en AUDIT (≥ 3). En conclusión, la combinación de una prevalencia significativa junto con bajas tasas de tratamiento, remarcan la necesidad de mecanismos de detección efectivos en la atención habitual, permitiendo una intervención temprana.2020-2

Antimicrobial Defined Daily Dose in Neonatal Population: Validation in the Clinical Practice

Paediatric Antimicrobial Defined Daily Dose Study Group KiDDDs.Currently, there is no validated method for estimating antimicrobial consumption in the neonatal population, as it exists for adults using Defined Daily Doses (DDD). In neonatology, although there are different methods, each one with advantages and disadvantages, there is no unified criterion for use. The aim of this study is to validate the neonatal DDD designed as a new standardised form of antimicrobial consumption over this population.M.M.-T. received financial support from the Subprograma Río Hortega, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (CM21/00115). The project has been carried out without financial funding but is supported by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH), the Working Group on Pharmaceutical Care in Infectious Diseases of the SEFH (Afinf) and Spanish working group on paediatric pharmacy of the SEFH (gefp).Peer reviewe

Perfil genético asociado a pacientes con síndrome aórtico agudo complicado: el estudio GEN-AOR

[EN] Introduction and objectives: Genetic testing is becoming increasingly important for diagnosis and personalized treatments in aortopathies. Here, we aimed to genetically diagnose a group of acute aortic syndrome (AAS) patients consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit and to explore the clinical usefulness of AAS-associated variants during treatment decision-making and family traceability. Methods: We applied targeted next-generation sequencing, covering 42 aortic diseases genes in AAS patients with no signs consistent with syndromic conditions. Detected variants were segregated by Sanger sequencing in available family members. Demographic features, risk factors and clinical symptoms were statistically analyzed by Fisher or Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact tests, to assess their relationship with genetic results. Results: Analysis of next-generation sequencing data in 73 AAS patients led to the detection of 34 heterozygous candidate variants in 14 different genes in 32 patients. Family screening was performed in 31 relatives belonging to 9 families. We found 13 relatives harboring the family variant, of which 10 showed a genotype compatible with the occurrence of AAS. Statistical tests revealed that the factors associated with a positive genetic diagnosis were the absence of hypertension, lower age, family history of AAS and absence of pain. Conclusions: Our findings broaden the spectrum of the genetic background for AAS. In addition, both index patients and studied relatives benefited from the results obtained, establishing the most appropriate level of surveillance for each group. Finally, this strategy could be reinforced by the use of stastistically significant clinical features as a predictive tool for the hereditary character of AAS. ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04751058)[ES] Introducción y objetivos: El papel de la genética en el diagnóstico y la personalización de los tratamientos de las aortopatías, es cada vez mayor. En este estudio se analizó la prevalencia de variantes genéticas en pacientes con síndrome aórtico agudo (SAA) admitidos consecutivamente en una unidad de cuidados intensivos y se evaluó su utilidad clínica. Métodos: Mediante secuenciación masiva, se analizó 42 genes asociados a aortopatías en pacientes con SAA no sindrómico. Las variantes identificadas se segregaron mediante secuenciación Sanger en los familiares disponibles. Además, se estudió la relación entre los resultados genéticos y algunas características clínicas mediante la aplicación de los test exactos de Fisher y de Fisher-Freeman-Halton. Resultados: El análisis de los datos genómicos de 73 pacientes de SAA dio como resultado la identificación de 34 variantes candidatas en 32 individuos, localizadas en 14 genes diferentes. La segregación familiar se realizó en 31 individuos pertenecientes a 9 familias, donde se encontraron 13 portadores de los que 10 mostraron un genotipo compatible con SAA. El estudio estadístico indicó que la ausencia de hipertensión, una menor edad, una historia familiar de SAA y la ausencia de dolor están asociadas con un estudio genético positivo. Conclusiones: Se amplió el espectro mutacional asociado a SAA. Además, tanto los pacientes índice como los familiares estudiados se han visto beneficiados por estos resultados, por lo que se puede establecer el protocolo de seguimiento adecuado para cada uno de ellos. Por último, es importante destacar la posibilidad de utilizar variables clínicas estadísticamente significativas como factores predictores del carácter hereditario del SAA. ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04751058)Este trabajo contó con el apoyo del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España y fue cofinanciado por la Unión Europea (FEDER, «Una manera de hacer Europa ») [PI18-00612; PI19/01550; PI21-00244; IMP/00009], Consejería Regional de Salud y Familias del Gobierno Autónomo de Andalucía [PEER-0501-2019; PEER-0470-2019], Consejería Regional de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades de Andalucía [P20_00887] y la Fundación Isabel.Peer reviewe