Magma mixing in the South Leicestershire diorite : evidence from an Ordovician pluton at Croft Quarry

At Croft Quarry, exposures of a pluton belonging to the South Leicestershire Diorite suite have revealed a complex history of multiple intrusion. Soon after emplacement of the main-stage quartz-diorite, the partially crystallised pluton received an influx of magma which became dispersed and is now seen as partially assimilated dioritic xenoliths. A much later episode of intrusion occurred when the pluton had cooled sufficiently to be capable of fracturing. It resulted in a spectacular swarm of synplutonic quartz-diorite/tonalite sheets with contacts indicating that the host quartz-diorite was locally remobilized, disrupting and net-veining the later sheets. These features are typical of ‘magma mixing’ phenomena, and suggest an underlying process that may account for some of the geochemical and petrographical variations previously noted within the South Leicestershire diorites

A window into the Cambrian basement and early Carboniferous sedimentation of the Hathern Shelf: the British Geological Survey borehole at Ticknall, South Derbyshire, UK

The Ticknall Borehole was drilled in 1995 to a depth of 209 m in order to investigate the succession on the Hathern Shelf, a fault-bounded structural province that lies on the southern margin of the Widmerpool Half-graben, part of a major early Carboniferous rift system. The borehole demonstrated a ‘basement’ of Upper Cambrian cleaved mudrocks, correlated with the Stockingford Shale Group. Unconformably overlying this is a basal Carboniferous unit, the Calke Abbey Sandstone Formation, of probable Visean (?Holkerian) age, comprising 82.34 m of fluvial sandstones and conglomerates, with interbedded red-grey palaeosols exhibiting highly distinctive ‘pseudogley’ fabrics indicative of emergent episodes. The unit may have been deposited in a localized, possibly fault-controlled basin and was in part sourced from the Precambrian volcanic terrain of Charnwood Forest. As rifting and subsidence proceeded, the encroachment of nearshore/peritidal environments is indicated at the top of the formation by interbedded calcilutites that have yielded marine faunas. Fully marine conditions were established during deposition of the overlying Peak Limestone Group, comprising the early Asbian Cloud Hill Dolostone Formation succeeded by the Ticknall Limestone Formation, of Brigantian age. Comparisons between the Ticknall Borehole and Peak Limestone strata exposed in quarries farther east, around Breedon, show major changes in water depths over a distance of only 4.5 km. Such variations can be reconciled with seismostratigraphical studies in the adjacent Widmerpool Half-graben, which show that sedimentation on the Hathern Shelf was in part controlled by movements along nearby rift-bounding faults

Lithostratigraphy, sedimentation and evolution of the Volta Basin in Ghana

We present a revised lithostratigraphy for the Voltaian Supergroup of Ghana, based on a review of existing literature, interpretations of remotely sensed data and reconnaissance field survey of the Volta Basin. These strata thicken eastwards, to a maximum of between 5 and 6 km adjacent to the Pan-African Dahomeyide orogen. They began to accumulate some time after about 1000 Ma, along the margin of an epicontinental sea. Initial sedimentation, comprising the age-equivalent Kwahu and Bombouaka Groups, shows a cyclical mode of deposition controlled by eustatic changes in sea-level that produced a range of nearshore marine, littoral and terrestrial environments. A major erosional interval was followed by deposition of the 3–4 km thick Oti-Pendjari Group. Basal tillites and associated sandy diamictons are correlated with the Marinoan (end-Cryogenian) glaciation, indicating a maximum depositional age of about 635 Ma. The overlying cap carbonates and tuffs were deposited within a shallow epeiric sea bordered by a volcanically active rift system. The main part of the group records the transition from a rifted passive margin to a fully developed foreland basin receiving marine flysch in the form of argillaceous strata interbedded with highly immature wacke-type sandstones and conglomerates. Maximum accommodation space was developed within a foredeep adjacent to the Dahomeyide belt. Towards the end of the orogenic phase, the foredeep succession became partially inverted and then was buried under coarse terrestrial, red-bed molasse of the Obosum Group

U-Pb geochronology and global context of the Charnian Supergroup, UK: constraints on the age of key Ediacaran fossil assemblages

U-Pb (zircon) ages for key stratigraphic volcanic horizons within the ∼3200-m-thick Ediacaran-age Charnian Supergroup provide an improved age model for the included Avalonian assemblage macrofossils and, hence, temporal constraints essential for intercomparisons of the Charnian fossils with other Ediacaran fossil assemblages globally. The Ives Head Formation (Blackbrook Group), the oldest exposed part of the volcaniclastic Charnian Supergroup of the late Neoproterozoic Avalonian volcanic arc system of southern Britain, contains a bedding plane with an impoverished assemblage of ivesheadiomorphs that is constrained to between ca. 611 Ma and 569.1 ± 0.9 Ma (total uncertainty). Higher-diversity biotas, including the holotypes of Charnia, Charniodiscus, and Bradgatia, occupy the upper part of the volcaniclastic succession (Maplewell Group) and are dated at 561.9 ± 0.9 Ma (total uncertainty) and younger by zircons interpreted as coeval with eruption and deposition of the Park Breccia, Bradgate Formation. An ashy volcanic-pebble conglomerate in the Hanging Rocks Formation at the very top of the supergroup yielded two U-Pb zircon populations: an older detrital one at ca. 604 Ma, and a younger population at ca. 557 Ma, which is interpreted as the approximate depositional age. The temporal association of the fossiliferous Charnian Supergroup with comparable fossiliferous deep-water successions in Newfoundland, and the probable temporal overlap of the youngest Charnwood macrofossils with those from different paleoenvironmental settings, such as the Ediacaran White Sea macrofossils, indicate a primary role for ecological sensitivity in determining the composition of these late Neoproterozoic communities

A Keck/HIRES Doppler Search for Planets Orbiting Metal-Poor Dwarfs. I. Testing Giant Planet Formation and Migration Scenarios

We describe a high-precision Doppler search for giant planets orbiting a well-defined sample of metal-poor dwarfs in the field. This experiment constitutes a fundamental test of theoretical predictions which will help discriminate between proposed giant planet formation and migration models. We present here details on the survey as well as an overall assessment of the quality of our measurements, making use of the results for the stars that show no significant velocity variation.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Correspondence

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. "Let Them Eat Stocks," which suggested that laid-off workers be given stock options in lieu of severance pay in the U.S.; "Huddled Excesses," which argued that immigration restriction laid the groundwork for labor's gains in 1920 to 1960 in the U.S.; "Econ 2," which offered views on the issue of minimum wage increase

Computational lens for the near field

A method is presented to reconstruct the structure of a scattering object from data acquired with a photon scanning tunneling microscope. The data may be understood to form a Gabor type near-field hologram and are obtained at a distance from the sample where the field is defocused and normally uninterpretable. Object structure is obtained by the solution of the inverse scattering problem within the accuracy of a perturbative, two-dimensional model of the object

Two Stellar Components in the Halo of the Milky Way

The halo of the Milky Way provides unique elemental abundance and kinematic information on the first objects to form in the Universe, which can be used to tightly constrain models of galaxy formation and evolution. Although the halo was once considered a single component, evidence for its dichotomy has slowly emerged in recent years from inspection of small samples of halo objects. Here we show that the halo is indeed clearly divisible into two broadly overlapping structural components -- an inner and an outer halo -- that exhibit different spatial density profiles, stellar orbits and stellar metallicities (abundances of elements heavier than helium). The inner halo has a modest net prograde rotation, whereas the outer halo exhibits a net retrograde rotation and a peak metallicity one-third that of the inner halo. These properties indicate that the individual halo components probably formed in fundamentally different ways, through successive dissipational (inner) and dissipationless (outer) mergers and tidal disruption of proto-Galactic clumps.Comment: Two stand-alone files in manuscript, concatenated together. The first is for the main paper, the second for supplementary information. The version is consistent with the version published in Natur