Advising Across Race: Providing Culturally-Sensitive Academic Advising at Predominantly White Institutions

The system of academic advising is used across institutions of higher education to promote the holistic development of students as they work towards their academic, personal, and social endeavors (Hunter & White, 2004). Academic advisors can therefore play a key role in ensuring the academic success and overall well-being of the students they work with (Drake, 2011). More speci cally, culturally competent academic advisors serve as a pivotal resource and support service for students of Color. This literature review explores the various characteristics of, approaches to, and perspectives of academic advising, and provides implications for using culturally-sensitive academic advising practices when working with students of Color at predominantly White institutions

Grounded in Experience: Entering Higher-Higher Education as a Pilipino American

The decision to go back to school in pursuit of higher-higher education is an extremely strenuous, anxiety-stricken, self-reflective, and courageous process, especially for those that have been “out of school” for two years or more. Although there is some existing literature on nontraditional students and their journey going to college, there is even less literature on the experiences of returning students that decide to pursue a graduate degree after being academically removed from their undergraduate institution for quite some time. Thus, this paper seeks to examine some of the more specific instances experienced by graduate students, particularly those that returned to academia after working for two years or more. Additionally, this article will further study and highlight this multi-faceted and experiential process: the anxieties, challenges, and overall development of these “returners to the academy.” Lastly, through the lens of the Pilipino American identity, the author will discuss how working within an institution of higher education before attending graduate school has impacted and shaped their personal and professional development as a first-year graduate student, scholar, and practitioner

Contractual Arrangements in Philippine Fisheries

Economists have begun the quest for explanations of contractual choices in developing countries and especially for pervasiveness of informal credit and insurance arrangements and interlinkages observed in agricultural and fishing contracts. In the case of fisheries, what is needed is an in-depth knowledge of real world contract provisions and categorization of contractual arrangements to guide analysis of contractual arrangements. This paper is a modest contribution toward this particular end. The present study also draws upon modern contract theory to explain the existence of a variety of contractual arrangements in aquaculture and marine fishing. Certain regularities to be found within the fishing economies of the Philippines include share contracts between aquaculture owner-operators and tenant/laborers and between boat owners and crew members as well as interlinkage of credit, labor, and marketing relations. Future work would entail understanding the fundamental incentives underlying contractual arrangements in fisheries that will allow one to evaluate the efficiency and equity implications of contract use and will aid in predicting their influence in the distribution of returns as their usage in the fishery sector increases

Antimicrobial activities of mangrove species in southeast asia: a systematic review

Antimicrobial resistance in Southeast Asia is a macro-level health dilemma that may cause substantial casualties annually. Fortunately, Southeast Asian mangroves are potent reservoirs of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties in correlation to their traditional usage. Hence, this study aimed to systematically review studies concerning antimicrobial activities of mangroves in Southeast Asia as well as provide a technological overview of its prospective use in pharmaceutical industry applications through patents. Through the PRISMA protocol, the search for peer reviewed studies originated from Southeast Asia and published between 2010 to 2022 were conducted over databases such as CORE, Google Scholar, PubMed (MedLine), Science Direct, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additionally, a patent search was also performed on the Espacenet Patent Search, Google Patents, National Institute of Industrial Property, and United States Patent and Trademark Office. The studies and patents were collated on Mendeley Reference Manager as well as tabulated and assessed on Microsoft Office Excel 2016. After the four-phase screening, 59 studies and one patent regarding antimicrobial activities of Southeast Asian mangroves passed the criteria for the systematic review. It was inferred that Southeast Asia constitutes potentially most species-diverse mangroves with highly varied antimicrobial properties and can form synergism with drugs. The existing studies and patents may provide enlightenment on the future path of studies and inventions which must be continually substantiated in animal and clinical experiments for prospective pharmaceutical industry use. In this way, mangroves can be conserved while antimicrobial resistance and anthropogenic activities can be lowered

Methane conversion efficiency as a simple control parameter for an anaerobic digester at high loading rates

The anaerobic digestion process is globally applied to the treatment of highly concentrated wastes such as industrial and rural effluents, and sewage sludge. However, it is known to be relatively unstable. When loaded with high concentrations of organic material, unwanted volatile fatty acids (VFA) are often produced rather than methane (CH(4)) gas which can lead to digester acidification and failure. This study investigated digester behaviour under high loading rates, testing the usefulness of stoichiometric methane conversion efficiency as a digester control parameter at high loading rates. Our results show that, in general, the CH(4) production rate was proportional to the feed rate (loading rate). However, at very high loading rates, the CH(4) production rate was not proportional to the increase in the feeding rate. Consequently, VFA accumulated and the H(2) partial pressure increased. The proportionality of the loading rate and gas production rate is stoichiometrically expressed as the conversion efficiency. We found that conversion efficiency was a useful indicator as an early warning of digester imbalance. The digester remained stable at conversion efficiencies above 75%. Dropping below 70% signified the onset of digester failure. As loading rate and methane production data are readily available on-line in most anaerobic digestion plants, the conversion efficiency can be monitored on-line and used as an efficient control technique to maintain safe operation of anaerobic digesters at high loading rates

Development of a control technique for the automated safe operation of anaerobic digesters at high loading rates

The anaerobic digestion process is of world wide significance for the treatment of highly concentrated wastes such as industrial and rural effluents, and sewage sludge. As its by product, a renewable fuel (CH4) is produced. However, this process is known to be relatively unstable. Especially when loaded with high concentrations of organic material, volatile fatty acids (VFA) are produced rather than methane (CH4) gas resulting in severe ecological, hygienic, and economic problems. This study was aimed to 1) investigate digester behavior under high loading rates; 2) test the usefulness of the stoichiometric conversion efficiency as a digester control parameter and 3) develop a simple yet efficient control technique that could allow the safe operation of anaerobic digesters at high loading rates. A 1-liter laboratory anaerobic digester was continuously fed with a synthetic wastewater containing glucose as the main substrate. Step changes in the loading rate were applied over a time interval between 12-24 hrs and the volume of the methane produced was monitored on line by an IBM-PC computer. It was observed that, in general, the gas production rate was proportional to the feedrate (loading rate). However, at very high loading rates, the CH4 production rate did not reflect the increase in the feeding rate. Consequently, the VFA accumulated and the H2 partial pressure increased from less than 60 ppm to more than 80 ppm. Two types of overloading were observed: 1) hydraulic overloading which resulted in propionic and acetic acid accumulation and 2) organic overloading which resulted in acetic acid accumulation only. The proportionality between the loading rate and the gas production rate is stoichiometrically expressed as conversion efficiency. The conversion efficiency was used to control the digester by pre-determined step changes in the loading rate. Using a cut-off conversion efficiency of 75 %, the digester was fed according to its current gas production potential, and constantly pushed to production limit. This control strategy maintained the digester stable and close to its maximum sustainable loading rate. A maximum CH4 production rate of 0.8 L CH4 /L d was observed at a loading rate of 14.5 mmoles glucose/L day and hydraulic retention time of 10 days. However, the conversion efficiency is a useful control parameter only if the feed composition is known. The relative measure of the ratio of gas production rate to the loading rate was investigated for its potential to be used for digester control in cases where the feed composition is not known. An increase in the loading rate was initiated and the response of the gas production rate to that increase was monitored. As long as the digester operated efficiently, the ratio of the % increase in the CH4 production rate over the % increase in the loading rate (designated as R-factor) was close to 1. By keeping the value of this ratio greater than 0.5, the loading strategy based on the R-factor, was found useful in the control and optimisation of the performance of the digester. The results indicated that anaerobic digesters could be allowed to operate close to its maximum sustainable loading rate and increase its productivity by using the conversion efficiency and the R-factor as control parameters

Contractual Arrangements in Philippine Fisheries

Economists have begun the quest for explanations of contractual choices in developing countries and especially for pervasiveness of informal credit and insurance arrangements and interlinkages observed in agricultural and fishing contracts. In the case of fisheries, what is needed is an in-depth knowledge of real world contract provisions and categorization of contractual arrangements to guide analysis of contractual arrangements. This paper is a modest contribution toward this particular end. The present study also draws upon modern contract theory to explain the existence of a variety of contractual arrangements in aquaculture and marine fishing. Certain regularities to be found within the fishing economies of the Philippines include share contracts between aquaculture owner-operators and tenant/laborers and between boat owners and crew members as well as interlinkage of credit, labor, and marketing relations. Future work would entail understanding the fundamental incentives underlying contractual arrangements in fisheries that will allow one to evaluate the efficiency and equity implications of contract use and will aid in predicting their influence in the distribution of returns as their usage in the fishery sector increases.Agricultural contracts, fishing contracts, contractual arrangements, fishery sector, informal credit

Contractual Arrangements in Philippine Fisheries

Economists have begun the quest for explanations of contractual choices in developing countries and especially for pervasiveness of informal credit and insurance arrangements and interlinkages observed in agricultural and fishing contracts. In the case of fisheries, what is needed is an in-depth knowledge of real world contract provisions and categorization of contractual arrangements to guide analysis of contractual arrangements. This paper is a modest contribution toward this particular end. The present study also draws upon modern contract theory to explain the existence of a variety of contractual arrangements in aquaculture and marine fishing. Certain regularities to be found within the fishing economies of the Philippines include share contracts between aquaculture owner-operators and tenant/laborers and between boat owners and crew members as well as interlinkage of credit, labor, and marketing relations. Future work would entail understanding the fundamental incentives underlying contractual arrangements in fisheries that will allow one to evaluate the efficiency and equity implications of contract use and will aid in predicting their influence in the distribution of returns as their usage in the fishery sector increases.Agricultural contracts, fishing contracts, contractual arrangements, fishery sector, informal credit