Incidence of psychotic disorders and its association with methodological issues. A systematic review and meta-analyses.

In the current study, we aimed to determine if the variability of the incidence rates of psychosis found was associated with methodo-logical aspect of the studies such as: study type, case ascertainment, diagnosis, diagnostic instrument to confirm cases, diagnostic classification system, duration of the case ascertainment, lower and upper age included in the studies and quality of the study.A meta-analysis of these factors was performed for all incidence rates as a whole. For the analysis of subgroups we used a mixed effects model. For each subgroup, heterogeneity was calculated using the Q sta- tistic and its corresponding p-value. In addition, a multivariate regression was performed. We analysed 92 estimates of incidence of psychosis corresponding to 30 citations from our previous meta-analysis. The pooled incidence rates of psychosis (mean effect: 18.30 per 100,000 [14.19–22.42]) revealed that heterogeneity between studies was very high. The final model explains 63.53% of the variability in the incidence rates reported by the different studies. Based on the subgroup analysis, we found statistically significant differences in incidence rates associated with diagnosis, diagnostic instruments used, duration of case ascertainment period and ages of both lower and upper cutoff. Finally, study type and quality of the studies had a weak association.Regarding meta-regression, studies that collected patients in the first contact with mental health units presented higher incidences rated, but with a weak association, more cases are detected in the studies in which the cases are included at the first contact, since there is not always an admission in the first episode. Studies that recruited patients in mental health units and primary care services, or in both and in social services had significantly higher incidence rates than only in primary care

Prevalencia de la conducta suicida en la población general europea: una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

Introducción. El suicidio es una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial, y el comportamiento suicida suele ser un pródromo de suicidio posterior. Objetivo. Llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de la prevalencia y la variabilidad en el comportamiento suicida en la población adulta general europea entre 2008 y 2017. Método. Se identificaron estudios con datos originales sobre el comportamiento suicida publicados entre 2008 y 2017 en siete bases de datos electrónicas. Se calcularon las prevalencias puntuales, anuales y vida para varios tipos de comportamiento suicida (deseos de muerte; ideación suicida; planificación de suicidio; intento de suicidio). Las tasas de prevalencia agrupadas se calcularon utilizando un modelo de efectos aleatorios. También se realizaron análisis de subgrupos y una metarregresión multivariante. Resultados. Se identificaron 24 artículos que contenían datos originales, los cuales proporcionaron 97 tasas de prevalencia de comportamiento suicida. Para todas las conductas suicidas, las cifras de prevalencia agrupadas fueron: prevalencia puntual: 4,82% (2,84-6,80), prevalencia anual: 2,9% (1,49-4,32) y prevalencia vida: 5,55% (4,31-6,79). El análisis de subgrupos mostró que las cifras de prevalencia vida para deseos de muerte e ideación suicida fueron mayores en estudios con una población de menos de 3,702 habitantes y en países del este de Europa. Finalmente, la metarregresión multivariante mostró diferencias con respecto al tipo de prevalencia (puntual, anual o vida) y el tipo de comportamiento suicida, los límite de edad superior e inferior contemplados, el tamaño de la población, la calidad del estudio y el área de estudio. Conclusión. Nuestros datos mostraron que aproximadamente el 21% de la población adulta europea presentó deseos de muerte. Estudios como este son necesarios para la prevención e intervención en los comportamientos suicidas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

[EN] Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3,4,5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes.S

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Determinants of Suicidality in the European General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Close to one million people commit suicide each year, with suicidal attempts being the main risk factor for suicide. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to achieve a greater understanding of suicidality in the general population of Europe by studying associated factors and their statistical significance with suicidality, as well as the effect of the temporal moment in which suicidality is observed in a relationship. A search strategy was carried out in electronic databases: Proquest’s Psychology Database, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs), publication bias, influential studies on heterogeneity and analysis moderators were calculated. Twenty-six studies were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. Factors statistically associated with suicidality are female gender, age over 65 years, unemployment, low social support, adulthood adversity, childhood adversity, family history of mental disorder, any affective disorder, major depression, anxiety/stress/somatoform disorders, tobacco and substance use, any mental disorder and body mass index. As a limitation, a high heterogeneity between studies was found. Factors associated with suicidality in the general population are relevant for understanding the suicidal phenomenon.Ye

Patterns of primary care among persons with schizophrenia: the role of patients, general practitioners and centre factors.

Patients with schizophrenia and related disorders have more physical problems than the general population. Primary care professionals play an important role in the care of these patients as they are the main entry point into the healthcare system. We aimed to identify patient, general practitioner, and primary care centre factors associated with the number of visits of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders to general practitioners. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 primary care centres belonging to the Clinical Management Unit of Mental Health of the Regional Hospital of Málaga, Spain. The eligible population was composed of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders attending the primary care centres in the study area, and the general practitioners who attend these patients. Our dependent variable was the total number of general practitioner visits made by patients with schizophrenia and related disorders during the 3.5-year observation period. The independent variables were grouped into three: (a) patient variables (sociodemographic and clinical), (b) general practitioner variables, and (c) primary care centre characteristics. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses using the random forest method were performed. A total of 259 patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, 96 general practitioners, and 13 primary care centres were included. The annual mean was 3.9 visits per patient. The results showed that younger general practitioners, patients who were women, patients who were married, some primary care centres to which the patient belonged, taking antipsychotic medication, presenting any cardiovascular risk factor, and more frequency of mental health training sessions at the primary care centre were associated with an increased number of visits to general practitioners. The only general practitioner variable that was associated with the number of visits was age, the older the less contact. There were also patient variables involved in the number of visits. Finally, mental health training for general practitioners was important for these professionals to manage patients with schizophrenia and related disorders

Verbeia: Revista de estudios filológicos Nº0

Verbeia nace con la finalidad de contagiarnos con la pasión de la Filología. Durante este año hemos crecido, nuestro Comité Científico aumenta y con él las esperanzas de estabilidad. Todos sabemos lo que cuesta llegar hasta aquí, y hoy llegamos con artículos escritos por profesores e investigadores de distintas universidades del planeta