3 research outputs found

    The Role of Magnetic Transcranial Stimulation in the Diagnosis and Post-Surgical Follow-Up of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

    Get PDF
    : Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) consists of spinal cord damage due to its compression through the cervical spine. The leading cause is degenerative. The diagnosis is clinical, and the therapeutic approach is usually surgical. Confirmation of the diagnostic suspicion is done by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, this test lacks functional information of the spinal cord, the abnormality of which may precede involvement in neuroimaging. Neurophysiological examination using somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows for an evaluation of spinal cord function, and provides information in the diagnostic process. Its role in the post-surgical follow-up of patients undergoing decompressive surgery is being studied. We present a retrospective study of 24 patients with DCM and surgical decompression who underwent neurophysiological tests (TMS and SSEP) before, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The result of the TMS and the SSEP in the post-operative follow-up did not correlate with the clinical outcome, either subjective or measured by clinical scales at six months. We only found post-surgical improvement of central conduction times (CMCTs) in patients with severe pre-surgical motor impairment on TMS. In patients with normal pre-surgical CMCT, we found a transient worsening with return to baseline at the one-year follow-up. Most patients presented pre-surgical increased P40 latency at diagnosis. CMCT and SSEP were more related to clinical outcomes one year after the surgical procedure and were very useful in diagnosing

    Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

    Get PDF
    Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

    Caracterização do exometaboloma volátil de linhas celulares de cancro renal com diferentes potenciais metastáticos e subtipos histológicos

    Full text link
    O Carcinoma de Células Renais (CCR) representa o terceiro cancro urológico mais frequente e letal em Portugal. Este tipo de cancro inclui vários subtipos histológicos com diferentes potenciais metastáticos, sendo o carcinoma de células claras (ccCCR) e o papilar (pCCR) os mais comuns. É atualmente reconhecida a importância da descoberta de biomarcadores moleculares específicos para o diagnóstico e estadiamento do CCR de forma a superar as limitações dos métodos existentes (ecografia, tomografia computorizada e nefrectomia). O uso da metabolómica constitui uma das abordagens mais promissoras para a identificação de biomarcadores, uma vez que o metabolismo das células tumorais é muito diferente do das células normais. Desta forma, estudos recentes têm mostrado o potencial dos compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) e compostos carbonílicos voláteis (CCVs), não só na identificação de novos biomarcadores, mas também na compreensão de vias metabólicas envolvidas na carcinogénese. Objetivos: Este trabalho incluiu o estudo do exometaboloma volátil de linhas celulares dos dois subtipos histológicos mais comuns de CCR (ccCCR e pCCR) com diferentes potenciais metastáticos. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar os COVs e CCVs, presentes no meio extracelular (exometaboloma), com potencial para serem utilizados como biomarcadores no processo de estadiamento de CCR e consequentemente ajudar na escolha da terapêutica mais dirigida. Material e Métodos: De modo a avaliar as diferenças na composição volátil do exometaboloma de três linhas celulares de ccCCR (não metastáticas: 769-P, 786-O; metastáticas: Caki-1) e duas de pCCR (não metastática: Caki-2; metastática: ACHN), os COVs e CCVs foram extraídos no headspace do meio de cultura por microextração em fase sólida (HS-SPME) e analisados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC-MS). Os dados foram posteriormente tratados através de métodos de análise estatística multivariada e univariada. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o exometaboloma volátil é mais robusto a discriminar células com diferentes potenciais metastáticos do que a discriminar entre os dois subtipos histológicos. No entanto, foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos níveis de quinze compostos entre ccCCR e pCCR, tais como o 2,4-dimetil-1-hepteno, 3-careno e 4-metilbenzaldeído. Na comparação entre as linhas celulares metastáticas e não metastáticas de ccCCR, foram detetadas alterações nos níveis de diversos alcanos, alcenos e derivados de benzeno, enquanto que nas linhas celulares pCCR, as principais alterações encontradas foram em compostos pertencentes à classe dos aldeídos e cetonas, como o acetaldeído e a 2-pentadecanona. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos revelaram o potencial do exometaboloma volátil na identificação de biomarcadores promissores para o diagnóstico e estadiamento de CCR.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
    corecore