Probability Of Anomaly Expressions For Random Waveform Registration

Registration by integral-square error correlation of one-dimensional Discrete Time waveforms which are treated as random processes with specified autocorrelation functions is considered. An important design parameter for this class of problems is the probability of anomaly (a false dip in the correlation function) because it gives an indication of system immunity to gross registration errors. Explicit expressions for this parameter are not possible, so bounds and approximations must be derived. Two upper bounds and an approximation for the probability of anomaly are derived here. The use of these expressions is illustrated by an example. The relative utility of these performance indicators is shown for the example by comparison with actual values of the probability of anomaly obtained by computer simulation. Copyright © 1977 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc

Performance Comparison Of Techniques For Obtaining Stereo Radar Images

The performance of three stereo radar techniques is compared with respect to both theoretical performance and performance in the presence of errors. The three techniques are: an improved single flight technique, a previously proposed single flight technique, and a two flight technique. Theoretical data for comparison of image parameters affecting performance have been generated with computer simulations of the imaging geometries for the techniques. The comparison shows that the improved technique will have images with greater similarity resulting in improved stereo viewability and measurability. Computer simulations have also been used to generate sensitivities of computed terrain point coordinates to system errors. These sensitivities are shown, and overall error comparisons are made for assumed error values. These comparisons show that the improved single flight technique has the best error performance of the three techniques for the assumed reasonable set of system errors. This technique is followed by the previously proposed single flight technique and then the two flight technique. Copyright © 1974 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc

Horizon Profile Checkpoints For Low-Altitude Aircraft

A technique for utilizing on-board sensed horizon profiles and computer stored reference horizon profiles to provide navigation check points for low-altitude aircraft is described. The technique has been analyzed using digitized terrain data and computer simulations to select the best method of horizon profile comparison, to determine horizon data density requirements, and to provide performance comparisons, system error limitations, and tradeoffs. Results of these analyses are shown to support feasibility conclusions and system parameter tradeoffs. Copyright © 1976 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc

Demonstrative Evidence - Winning Cases with Exhibits

Speaking on defense exhibits, Gordon Smith (J.D.’78) (left) said one should go through several versions of how to graphically depict something “to find the best delivery.” He discussed the finer points of using a timeline with assistance from Andy Scherffius (J.D.’74). Scherffius, who shared his thoughts on plaintiff exhibits, said the presentation of exhibits at a trial “has become an art and science of its own.

Thoracic Epidural analgesia versus Rectus Sheath Catheters for open midline incisions in major abdominal surgery within an enhanced recovery programme (TERSC):study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is recommended for post-operative pain relief in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery via a midline incision. However, the effectiveness of TEA is variable with high failure rates reported post-operatively. Common side effects such as low blood pressure and motor block can reduce mobility and hinder recovery, and a number of rare but serious complications can also occur following their use.Rectus sheath catheters (RSC) may provide a novel alternative approach to somatic analgesia without the associated adverse effects of TEA. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of both techniques in terms of pain relief, patient experience, post-operative functional recovery, safety and cost-effectiveness. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a single-centre randomised controlled non-blinded trial, which also includes a nested qualitative study. Over a two-year period, 132 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery via a midline incision will be randomised to receive either TEA or RSC for post-operative analgesia. The primary outcome measures pain scores on moving from a supine to a sitting position at 24 hours post wound closure, and the patient experience between groups evaluated through in-depth interviews. Secondary outcomes include pain scores at rest and on movement at other time points, opiate consumption, functional recovery, morbidity and cost-effectiveness. DISCUSSION: This will be the first randomised controlled trial comparing thoracic epidurals to ultrasound-guided rectus sheath catheters in adults undergoing elective midline laparotomy. The standardised care provided by an Enhanced Recovery Programme makes this a comparison between two complex pain packages and not simply two analgesic techniques, in order to ascertain if RSC is a viable alternative to TEA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN81223298 (16 January 2014)

Development of an Integrated Modeling Tool to Evaluate Revisions to Water Control Structure Operations Needed to Support Kissimmee River Restoration Requirements

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Service-learning and English as a foreign language education at Otemae University

4000000581本論は省略的に大手前大学の英語の教育およびContent and language integrated learningと言われる「内容言語統合型学習」（CLIL型学習）におけるサービス・ラーニングの思想を紹介する。続いて、今回のジャーナルでは大手前大学のサービス・ラーニングの学習と学生の反応をいくつか紹介する。In this brief article, we aim to introduce the concept of service learning in EFL education at Otemae University. The series of articles that follows then introduces some of the service learning courses we offer at Otemae and student response to them.departmental bulletin pape

Effects of chronic exercise conditioning on thermal responses to lipopolysaccharide and turpentine abscess in female rats

Chronic exercise conditioning has been shown to alter basal thermoregulatory processes as well as the response to inflammatory agents. Two such agents, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and turpentine (TPT) are inducers of fever in rats. LPS, given intraperitoneally (i.p.), involves a systemic inflammatory response whereas TPT given intramuscularly (i.m.) elicits a localized inflammation. We assessed if chronic exercise training in the rat would alter the thermoregulatory response to LPS and TPT. Core temperature ( T c ) and motor activity were monitored by radiotelemetry. Female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups (trained and sedentary) and housed at an ambient temperature of 22°C. Animals voluntarily trained on running wheels for 8 weeks. In the first study, trained and sedentary female rats were injected i.p. with LPS (50 μg/kg) or an equal volume of 0.9% normal saline. In another study, trained and sedentary female rats were injected i.m. with TPT (10 μl)/rat or an equal volume of 0.9% normal saline. The time course of the LPS fever was very short compared to TPT. TPT injected animals displayed a smaller but more prolonged fever compared to LPS; however, training accentuated the febrile response to LPS (Δ T c =0.6°C in sedentary and 1.2°C in trained). Training had a slight suppression on TPT-induced fever during the daytime but had no effect on motor activity or nighttime T c . In contrast, exercise training led to a marked increase in the pyrogenic effects of LPS. We conclude that the effect of exercise training and source of infection (i.e., systemic versus localized in muscle) on fever is directly linked to type of pyrogenic agent.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46159/1/204_2005_Article_36.pd

Spitzer Analysis of HII Region Complexes in the Magellanic Clouds: Determining a Suitable Monochromatic Obscured Star Formation Indicator

HII regions are the birth places of stars, and as such they provide the best measure of current star formation rates (SFRs) in galaxies. The close proximity of the Magellanic Clouds allows us to probe the nature of these star forming regions at small spatial scales. We aim to determine the monochromatic IR band that most accurately traces the bolometric IR flux (TIR), which can then be used to estimate an obscured SFR. We present the spatial analysis, via aperture/annulus photometry, of 16 LMC and 16 SMC HII region complexes using the Spitzer IRAC and MIPS bands. UV rocket data and SHASSA H-alpha data are also included. We find that nearly all of the LMC and SMC HII region SEDs peak around 70um, from ~10 to ~400 pc from the central sources. As a result, the sizes of HII regions as probed by 70um is approximately equal to the sizes as probed by TIR (about 70 pc in radius); the radial profile of the 70um flux, normalized by TIR, is constant at all radii (70um ~ 0.45 TIR); the 1-sigma standard deviation of the 70um fluxes, normalized by TIR, is a lower fraction of the mean (0.05 to 0.12 out to ~220 pc) than the normalized 8, 24, and 160um normalized fluxes (0.12 to 0.52); and these results are invariant between the LMC and SMC. From these results, we argue that 70um is the most suitable IR band to use as a monochromatic obscured star formation indicator because it most accurately reproduces the TIR of HII regions in the LMC and SMC and over large spatial scales. We also explore the general trends of the 8, 24, 70, and 160um bands in the LMC and SMC HII region SEDs, radial surface brightness profiles, sizes, and normalized (by TIR) radial flux profiles. We derive an obscured SFR equation that is modified from the literature to use 70um luminosity, SFR(Mo/yr) = 9.7(0.7)x10^{-44} L(70)(ergs/s), which is applicable from 10 to 300 pc distance from the center of an HII region.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables. Will be published in ApJ

Coupling climate and economic models in a cost-benefit framework: a convex optimization approach

In this paper we present a general method, based on a convex optimisation technique, that facilitates the coupling of climate and economic models in a cost-benefit framework. As a demonstration of the method, we couple an economic growth model à la Ramsey adapted from DICE-99 with an efficient intermediate complexity climate model, C-GOLDSTEIN, which has highly simplified physics, but fully 3-D ocean dynamics. As in DICE-99 we assume that an economic cost is associated with global temperature change: this change is obtained from the climate model which is driven by the GHG concentrations computed from the economic growth path. The work extends a previous paper in which these models were coupled in cost-effectiveness mode. Here we consider the more intricate cost-benefit coupling in which the climate impact is not fixed a priori. We implement the coupled model using an oracle-based optimisation technique. Each model is contained in an oracle which supplies model output and information on its sensitivity to a master program. The algorithm Proximal-ACCPM guarantees the convergence of the procedure under sufficient convexity assumptions. Our results demonstrate the possibility of a consistent, cost-benefit, climate-damage optimisation analysis with a 3-D climate model