La lengua inglesa como vector del modelo de libre mercado

El siguiente artículo propone una reflexión en torno a la difusión del inglés como lengua internacional en el ámbito académico y laboral, asociada a una dinámica de expansión global del modelo de libre comercio, con repercusiones particulares en el contexto colombiano. Se referencian algunos elementos conceptuales relativos al campo del inglés para propósitos específicos: la globalización económica, lasemiótica y la geopolítica regiona

Characterization and utilization of sawdust waste generated from advanced manufacture for its application as a thermal insulation in sustainable buildings using the blowing technique

[EN] The construction industry is vital for economic development, but it accounts for 40% of energy consumption and 45% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, research has focused on reducing energy demand in homes, particularly through the development of insulation materials. Sawdust is a byproduct available annually in Chile in quantities exceeding 4.5 million tons. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the physical and thermal properties of this waste to evaluate its use as a thermal insulation material. Stability and thermal conductivity tests, as well as density and moisture content measurements, were conducted on the sawdust. Additionally, to assess the functionality of this thermal insulator, the material was applied using the blowing technique in partitions, followed by physical tests. The results indicate that the proposed insulation material has thermal stability up to 270 degrees C. The thermal conductivity was comparable to conventional mineral wool and fiberglass (0.042 -0.048 [W/mK]). The density ranged from 123.77 to 198.15 [kg/m 3 ] depending on the filling time of the specimens but remained low compared to other organic materials. The moisture content was 11.31%, suitable for maintaining good thermal conductivity. This study concludes that sawdust is a viable alternative for thermal insulation, especially when applied through blowing. Its stability and thermal conductivity are comparable to conventional materials, while its thermal inertia is 200% higher than that of glass wool. Furthermore, the low moisture content suggests that there would be no proliferation of pathogens, making it a promising thermal insulator for sustainable construction development. Finally, it is mentioned that the material carbonizes within a limited time, leading to self -extinguishment of the flame.Rojas-Herrera, C.; Martínez-Soto, A.; Avendaño-Vera, C.; Cárdenas, JP. (2024). Characterization and utilization of sawdust waste generated from advanced manufacture for its application as a thermal insulation in sustainable buildings using the blowing technique. Journal of Building Engineering. 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.1092178

The english language for specific purposes related to the electrical field with undergraduate students of 3rd year at “Técnico Pujilí” high school during the academic cycle april - august 2015

The present project was developed in order to provide a manual for students of electricity from “Técnico Pujilí” high school, which is located in the Pujilí canton. Today, learn the English language in the technical field has become a necessity especially in the technical high schools because they use tools and materials to carry out their work. Teachers like students do not have a manual to teach technical English. It has produced in the students a shortcoming in the production of English language. Therefore, the vocabulary is limited and the total unawareness of technical words. It is important mention that students, as well as, teachers are the direct beneficiaries of this project….El presente trabajo fue desarrollado con el fin de brindar un manual a los estudiantes de electricidad del colegio “Técnico Pujilí" el cual está ubicado en el cantón Pujilí. Ya que hoy en día, aprender el idioma Inglés en el campo técnico se ha convertido una necesidad especialmente en los colegios técnicos que utilizan herramientas y materiales, para poder llevar a cabo su trabajo. Los docentes al igual que los estudiantes no poseen un manual para el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del inglés técnico. Esto ha ocasionado en los estudiantes una deficiencia en la producción del idioma Inglés. El vocabulario es limitado y un total desconocimiento de las palaras técnicas. Es importante mencionar que los estudiantes así como también los profesores serán los beneficiarios directos de este proyecto…

Chemotactic response of the flavonoid daidzein and its effect on the composition of the rumen bacterial community

Daidzein is one of common metabolites in plants and has chemotactic effect on soil bacteria that colonize the plants. There are several tests to assess bacterial chemotaxis, but none focused on rumen bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the chemotactic response of the rumen microflora towards daidzein using a standardized bacterial chemotaxis assay. It consisted in a modifying capillary technique and employing technology for measuring in vitro gas production. Ruminal fluids and cellulose were used as controls. The response of bacteria to daidzein was greater than the response to cellulose, supporting the hypothesis that when fodder is chewed by the ruminant it releases daidzein which can attract rumen bacteria towards feed particles (chemotaxis) for attachment and subsequent degradation

Nutritional and fermentative characteristics of Cameroon grass silage with Pelipita banana

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las características nutricionales y fermentativas de los ensilados de pasto Camerún con sustitución por fruto inmaduro de plátano Pelipita (Musa ABB). El experimento se desarrolló entre mayo y setiembre de 2015, se utilizó diseño irrestricto al azar con cuatro tratamientos y tres niveles de sustitución con fruto (15, 30 y 45% peso/peso) y un control (0% de fruto) con melaza (3% peso/peso). Cada tratamiento tuvo cinco repeticiones. Los materiales fueron cosechados y picados en Upala, Costa Rica; la parte experimental se desarrolló en Montes de Oca, Costa Rica. Las mezclas se almacenaron durante sesenta días en bolsas de 5 kg. Los tratamientos con fruto inmaduro presentaron valores de pH y nitrógeno amoniacal mayores que los tratamientos con melaza, también tuvieron concentraciones mayores de carbohidratos no fibrosos y energía. La materia seca solo aumentó en el tratamiento con 45% de sustitución. Sin embargo, en todos los tratamientos donde se utilizó el fruto se redujo la concentración de los componentes de la fibra y la digestibilidad de la fibra detergente neutro, esto debido a un incremento en la concentración de lignina. Los materiales ensilados tuvieron el potencial para producir 1,50-1,70 kg leche/vaca, al consumir 5 kg material verde (MV)/animal, y de 4,40-5,20 kg/vaca leche, al consumir 15 kg MV/ animal, con base en el requerimiento de energía neta de lactancia con una tasa de pasaje por consumo tres veces mayor que el mantenimiento (3x)The objective of this research was to determine the nutritional and fermentative characteristics of Cameroon grass silage with replacement of immature Pelipita banana fruit (Musa ABB). The experiment was carried out between May and September of 2015, using a random and unrestricted design with four treatments and three substitution levels of fruit (15; 30, 45% w/w) and one control (0% fruit) with molasses (3% w/w). Each treatment had five replicates. The materials were harvested and minced in Upala, Costa Rica; the experimental part was developed in Montes de Oca, Costa Rica. The blends were stored for sixty days in 5 kg bags. Treatments that used immature fruit presented higher values of pH and ammonia nitrogen, than treatments that used molasses, treatments that used immature fruit also showed higher concentrations of non-fibrous carbohydrates and energy. Dry matter only increased in the treatment that had a 45% substitution. However, in all treatments where the fruit was used, the concentration of the fiber components and the digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber were reduced, due to an increase in lignin concentration. The ensiled materials had the potential to produce 1.50-1.70 kg milk/cow, when are consumed 5 kg fresh material (MV)/animal, and 4.40-5.20 kg milk/cow when consume 15 kg MV/animal, based on the requirement of net breastfeeding energy with a consumption rate three times higher than maintenance (3x).UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de ZootecniaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal (CINA

Physarella oblonga-centered bioassays for testing the biological activity of myxomycetes

To study the trypanocidal, antibacterial, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of myxomycetes, a rapid assessment focused on the species Physarella oblonga was carried out. Optimum conditions for culturing were utilized to develop a protocol that was adequate for bioanalysis of chemical compounds. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) detected the presence of stigmasterol and fatty acids in plasmodial extracts of Ph. oblonga through H1 analysis. These plasmodial extracts showed low toxicity and positive activity against epymastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. This activity was significantly higher than the activity shown by one of the controls used. Similarly, the extracts from an unidentified species of myxomycete showed strong antimicrobial and antifungal activities against isolated strains of Bacillus cereus, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, whereas the myxomycete Physarum melleum displayed growth inhibition of the phytopathogen F. oxysporum. These results showed that with the use of an appropriate methodology, bioprospective analysis can be carried out on myxomycetes. In addition, this is apparently the first report on the antifungal and antiparasitic potential of myxomycetesUniversidad de Antioquia///ColombiaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ingeniería::Instituto Investigaciones en Ingeniería (INII

Leucaena leucocephala in ruminant nutrition

It is a common situation in extensive ruminant production systems in tropical countries to have low production indicators due to nutrient deficiencies in the diet. An economic alternative to increase animal production is the incorporation of legumes (fodder and fruits) in the diet. This review, presents an analysis of the positive and negative effects of Leucaena leucocephala consumption by ruminants, with particular emphasis on the secondary compound mimosine. Leucaena due to its high nutrient content, rumen by-pass protein supply and its possible effect on the reduction of greenhouse gas (attributed to tannins) has become one of the legumes most commonly used in ruminant feeding practices. However, in countries where leucaena has been introduced, its use is still limited to levels below 30% inclusion in the diet, due to the secondary compound mimosine and its isomers (3,4 and 2,3 DHP), which can induce toxicity, even when animals are inoculated with rumen fluid containing the bacteria Synergistes jonesii reported as responsible for degrading these compounds in the rumen. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, ruminants consuming leucaena can tolerate more than 50% inclusion in the diet, without having a negative impact on production, attributed intake to mimosine and its isomers. We conclude that in animals not adapted, the intake would be limited to low inclusion levels (less than 30% inclusion in the diet), mainly because of mimosine and its derivatives. The decrease in intake or diet digestibility seem to better explain the reduction in methane production, however, in vivo studies are required to clearly establish the mechanism of action. It has been reported the presence of different bacteria to S. jonessi that would have the ability to degrade mimosine and its derivatives, however, the activity of these bacteria and its effectiveness must be confirmed in vivo

Leukemia multiclass assessment and classification from Microarray and RNA-seq technologies integration at gene expression level

In more recent years, a significant increase in the number of available biological experiments has taken place due to the widespread use of massive sequencing data. Furthermore, the continuous developments in the machine learning and in the high performance computing areas, are allowing a faster and more efficient analysis and processing of this type of data. However, biological information about a certain disease is normally widespread due to the use of different sequencing technologies and different manufacturers, in different experiments along the years around the world. Thus, nowadays it is of paramount importance to attain a correct integration of biologically-related data in order to achieve genuine benefits from them. For this purpose, this work presents an integration of multiple Microarray and RNA-seq platforms, which has led to the design of a multiclass study by collecting samples from the main four types of leukemia, quantified at gene expression. Subsequently, in order to find a set of differentially expressed genes with the highest discernment capability among different types of leukemia, an innovative parameter referred to as coverage is presented here. This parameter allows assessing the number of different pathologies that a certain gen is able to discern. It has been evaluated together with other widely known parameters under assessment of an ANOVA statistical test which corroborated its filtering power when the identified genes are subjected to a machine learning process at multiclass level. The optimal tuning of gene extraction evaluated parameters by means of this statistical test led to the selection of 42 highly relevant expressed genes. By the use of minimum- Redundancy Maximum-Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm, these genes were reordered and assessed under the operation of four different classification techniques. Outstanding results were achieved by taking exclusively the first ten genes of the ranking into consideration. Finally, specific literature was consulted on this last subset of genes, revealing the occurrence of practically all of them with biological processes related to leukemia. At sight of these results, this study underlines the relevance of considering a new parameter which facilitates the identification of highly valid expressed genes for simultaneously discerning multiple types of leukemia.This work was supported by Project TIN2015-71873-R (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness -MINECO- and the European Regional Development Fund -ERDF) and Junta de Andalucı´a (P12–TIC–2082)

Effects of Two Intake Levels of \u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e on Rumen Function of Sheep

Ruminant production systems based on grass pastures often produce poor animal performance as expressed by growth or reproductive rates. The nutrient imbalance affecting rumen function is due to their low energy and protein intake. The incorporation of leguminous forages such as Leucaena leucocephala, in the diet of ruminants, can stimulate rumen function by providing protein-rich forage (Barros-Rodriguez et al. 2012). This increases the availability of compounds such as ammonia, amino acids and peptides as well as branched short-chain fatty acids, which are produced as a result of degradation of proteins. These substances promote fibre breakdown by acting as ruminal growth activators for rumen bacteria, especially cellulolytic bacteria (Hoover and Stokes 1991). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2 intake levels of L. leucocephala on rumen function of sheep fed Pennisetum purpureum