Bank Lending Channel and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism: the Case of Chile

This paper analyses the evidence about the bank-lending channel in Chile during the period 1990- 2002 using data from both the banking sector and the corporate sector. First, we estimate a panel data of banks to identify shifts in the loan supply curve in response to changes in monetary policy. Second, taking into consideration the evidence gathered in the previous step, we construct an aggregate variable aimed to capture the main forces behind the bank lending channel, and we estimate a VAR system to test whether or not this channel exacerbates the effect of a monetary policy shock over macroeconomic activity. We conclude that the bank-lending channel has operated as a monetary policy transmission mechanism in Chile during the sample period, having an independent and significant effect in terms of macroeconomic activity.

ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW 1,5-BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical behavior of new 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives on a glassy carbon electrode. Well-defined oxidation peaks were observed in DMSO. The Electrochemical response of the glassy carbon electrode was evaluated as function of the scan rate, showing that the electron transfer process for compound (5) and (6) resulted to be controlled by diffusion.http://ref.scielo.org/3nfd9

Inversión pública y educación básica regular en las regiones de Arequipa y Loreto

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Economía y Planificación. Departamento Académico de Economía y PlanificaciónExisten lazos entre el crecimiento económico y el ámbito educativo, que fluyen en ambas direcciones. Mayores ingresos se traducen en incrementos de capital humano; y a su vez, este capital humano se traduce en aumentos de productividad e ingresos para la economía. En ese sentido, el objetivo del presente documento es cuantificar el impacto de la inversión pública sobre la calidad educativa en la Educación Básica Regular (EBR), de nivel primaria, en las regiones de Arequipa y Loreto durante el período 2010-2019. La metodología empleada comprende el análisis de correlación múltiple y análisis de regresión lineal multivariada. Los resultados indican que el impacto de la inversión pública total (así como sus componentes) sobre el logro educativo (en los casos de comprensión lectora y matemáticas) es positivo y significativo, en ambas regiones. En el caso de comprensión lectora, por ejemplo, se tiene que un aumento del 10% de la inversión pública regional en Arequipa, genera un aumento de 2.2% en los resultados de comprensión lectora y de 1.8% en matemática. En el caso de Loreto, se tiene un impacto menor, de sólo 1.2% en los resultados de comprensión lectora y de 0.6% en matemática.There are links between economic growth and education, which flow in both directions. Higher incomes translate into increases in human capital; and in turn, this human capital translates into increases in productivity and income for the economy. In this sense, the objective of this document is to quantify the impact of public investment on educational quality in Regular Basic Education (EBR), at the primary level, in the regions of Arequipa and Loreto during the 2010-2019 period. The methodology used includes multiple correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis. The results indicate that the impact of total public investment (as well as its components) on educational achievement (in the cases of reading comprehension and mathematics) is positive and significant, in both regions. In the case of reading comprehension, for example, a 10% increase in regional public investment in Arequipa generates an increase of 2.2% in reading comprehension results and 1.8 in mathematics. In the case of Loreto, there is a lower impact, of only 1.2% in reading comprehension results and 0.6% in mathematics

Multiple Intestinal Erosions as a Result of Hemorrhage due to Parasites: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding appears to be uncommon in patients with parasites. In spite of that some reports had described this relationship in patients evaluated during capsule endoscopy procedures; the characteristic of the bleeding lesions remains unclear. This paper describes two patients with a massive obscure gastrointestinal bleeding due to ascariasis, using the new capsule endoscopy technology “MiroCam”, describing the characteristic of the lesions found in our patients (observed in a better image quality), and reviewing the literature

La Dinámica Cultural Y La Prevención De Riesgos De La Población Tumba San Francisco – Quimiag, Provincia De Chimborazo. Su Resiliencia Ante Fenómenos Adversos En El Año 2010 – 2011

This research exposes the process that took place in the Tumba San Francisco community, Chimborazo – Ecuador. It is used for the prevention of risks and response to adverse events. Also, it increases the resilience of its inhabitants between the periods of 2010 – 2011. By fulfilling the first specific targets which was performed, the socioeconomic diagnosis of Tumba community, the methodology was proposed by the authors. It gives priority to the active participation of the habitants. This study aims to work with 100% of the population of the universe through the application of surveys, interviews, population census, and workshops. In the second objective, training workshops were held based on the concepts and management of hazards, threats, vulnerability, risks, and disasters. This, however, was accomplished through the methodology proposed in the Project “Sinchi Runa” (Strong Man) by the European Commission and CARE KNH Ecuador of the DIPECHO VI program for Latin America. Also, it was applied in other communities and parishes of the Riobamba canton. In achieving the third and final goal, the process and project of translation or relocation of the population was elaborated. It is aimed at improving their resilience to natural disasters (landslide). To foster the development of this objective, a profile of projects was elaborated under the methodology of SENPLADES (2011). Finally, 100% of the study universe was successfully transferred, thus fulfilling the main objective of the research, maintaining its cultural dynamics, and improving its capacity of resilience through the methodological processes of the research

Current state of knowledge of freshwater malacostracans of Chile

Indexación: ScieloLa fauna de crustáceos malacostráceos limnéticos, en el territorio de Chile continental, está compuesta por seis especies de camarones, i.e., cinco parastácidos de los géneros Parastacus, Samastacus y Virilastacus y un palemónido del género Cryphiops, 18 especies de anomuros del género Aegla, siete especies de anfípodos gamarídeos del género Hyallela y una especie de isópodo aselotano del género Heterias. La distribución conjunta abarca desde Arica a Punta Arenas, pero la mayor parte de las especies tiene rango geográfico restringido. La mayor densidad de taxa ocurre entre las regiones VIII y X, donde el número de taxa por Región varía entre 11 y 15, siendo la X Región la que tiene el número mayor. Índices derivados de un estudio sobre relaciones filogenéticas de las especies chilenas de Aegla, combinados con criterios propuestos por IUCN (2001), calificó a A. concepcionensis y A. expansa como especies Extintas y a A. papudo, A. l. laevis y A. spectabilis como Críticamente Amenazadas. Además, asignó máxima prioridad de conservación a la zona comprendida entre las cuencas del río Tucapel y del río Toltén. El estado de conservación de las especies de Parastacidae fue establecido por Bahamonde et al. (1998) y complementado por Rudolph & Crandall (2005). El estado de conservación de las especies de Hyalella y del isópodo Heterias exul no ha sido determinado. Se percibe que las amenazas a la conservación de las especies de malacostráceos limnéticos en Chile derivan principalmente de perturbaciones antropogénicas de la integridad y salud ambiental de las cuencas hidrográficas, particularmente entre las Regiones IV a VIII. Palabras claves: Malacostráceos, diversidad, conservación, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Decapoda, Chile, limnología. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT The continental Chilean limnetic malacostracan fauna is currently composed of six species of crayfish / shrimp, i.e., five parastacids in the genus Parastacus, Samastacus and Virilastacus, and one palaemonid in the genus Cryphiops, eighteen species of anomuran crabs in the genus Aegla, seven species of gammaridean amphipods in the genus Hyalella, and one species of asellotan isopod in the genus Heterias. The distribution of the set of thirty one species of malacostracans spans from Arica in the north to Magallanes in the far south. However, most species have a restricted geographic range, comprising one or a few hydrographical contiguous basins along the latitudinal gradient. The largest concentration of malacostracan species is found between the VIII and X Administrative Regions of Chile; being the X the largest with fifteen taxa. Indices derived from a phylogenetic study concerning the relationship of the Chilean species of Aegla, and considering the conservation criteria proposed by UICN (2001), qualified A. concepcionensis and A. expansa as Extinct in the Wild, and A. papudo, A. l. laevis and A. spectabilis as Critically Endangered species. Furthermore, it assigned maximum conservation priority to the coastal area between the Tucapel and the Tolten rivers. The conservation status of the species of Parastacidae was established by Bahamonde et al. (1998), and supplemented by Rudolph & Crandall (2005). The conservation status of Hyalella and Heterias species has not yet been determined. It is apparent that threats to the conservation of a large number of limnetic malacostracan species in Chile arise from non quantified anthropogenic perturbations of the limnetic environment, particularly between the IV and VIII Regions. Keywords: Malacostracans, diversity, conservation, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Decapoda, Chile, limnology