Chaetopterid tubes from vent and seep sites: Implications for fossil record and evolutionary history of vent and seep annelids

Vestimentiferan tube worms living at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps have been considered as a clade with a long and continuing evolutionary history in these ecosystems. Whereas the fossil record appears to support this view, molecular age estimates do not. The two main features that are used to identify vestimentiferan tubes in the fossil record are longitudinal ridges on the tube's surface and a tube wall constructed of multiple layers. It is shown here that chaetopterid tubes from modern vents and seeps—as well as a number of fossil tubes from shallow-water environments—also show these two features. This calls for a more cautious interpretation of tubular fossils from ancient vent and seep deposits. We suggest that: current estimates for a relatively young evolutionary age based on molecular clock methods may be more reliable than the inferences of ancient “vestimentiferans” based on putative fossils of these worms; not all of these putative fossils actually belong to this group; and that tubes from fossil seeps should be investigated for chitinous remains to substantiate claims of their potential siboglinid affinities

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Robert D.B. Carlisle Papers

Robert. D.B. Carlisle started in educational and public broadcasting career when he moved to WNDT, Channel 13, New York in 1962, its first year as a public TV station. He began as a Producer and then became an Executive Producer. In the spring of 1968, while still Assistant Vice Chancellor for Educational Communications for SUNY, Carlisle was asked by Ward B. Chamberlin and Frank Pace to work part-time for the brand new Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), created by an act of Congress in November of 1967. In the fall of 1968, Carlisle resigned from SUNY to become CPB's full-time Director of Special Projects. His work included creating a Career Fellow project and procedures for Community Service Grants. In early 1970, Carlisle became Director of Educational Projects and in 1971, Carlisle and his staff began to develop the Adult Learning Project Service (ALPS), a project to help adults prepare for the high school equivalency test. After leaving CPB in 1973, Carlisle continued his interest in educational television, publishing five books on the uses of media in education. The collection documents Carlisle's career at the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as Director of Special Projects, his efforts to create the Adult Learning Program Service (ALPS) as Director of Educational Projects at CPB, his early career as a producer at WNDT in New York City, and various publications and background research

Yours, Mine or Ours: What Counts as Innovation?

In this paper, I argue that research and development organizations (R&DOs) have particular perspectives on what counts as an innovation whereas the potential adopting users usually have quite different often diverse perspectives. If these 'worldviews' do not overlap or speak to each other, then what R&DOs consider innovative might constitute a waste of time and resources from the potential users' perspective, thereby negating the entire adoption process. Using complex systems theory and storytelling concepts, I argue that innovation emerges from the confluence of diverse stories. If, however, the dominant perspectives informing these stories originate from within an R&DO (in-house storytelling), then innovation will occur in a vacuum. Stories from potential adoption contexts external to an R&DO (out-of-house storytelling) need to be integrated into the innovation process at all stages whereupon out-of-house stories are actively sought out and brought into the R&DO (inward flow) and in-house stories are actively shared within relevant external contexts (outward flow). Juxtaposing in-house and out-of-house stories provides a co-evolving emergent pathway for innovation. The R&DO focuses its energy on needs/issues highlighted in out-of-house stories, thereby co-constructing the context for innovation and potential adoption. Those providing out-of-house stories become primed for innovation through an understanding of in-house stories, thereby co-constructing the adoption context. This paper integrates complex systems and storytelling concepts to provide a unique perspective on the innovation process; a process that explicitly harnesses the complex interactive dynamics between R&DOs and adopter contexts