On an Extension Problem for Density Matrices

We investigate the problem of the existence of a density matrix rho on the product of three Hilbert spaces with given marginals on the pair (1,2) and the pair (2,3). While we do not solve this problem completely we offer partial results in the form of some necessary and some sufficient conditions on the two marginals. The quantum case differs markedly from the classical (commutative) case, where the obvious necessary compatibility condition suffices, namely, trace_1 (rho_{12}) = \trace_3 (rho_{23}).Comment: 12 pages late

Inequalities that sharpen the triangle inequality for sums of NN functions in LpL^p

We study $L^p$ inequalities that sharpen the triangle inequality for sums of $N$ functions in $L^p$

Inequalities for Lᵖ-Norms that Sharpen the Triangle Inequality and Complement Hanner’s Inequality

In 2006 Carbery raised a question about an improvement on the naïve norm inequality ∥f+g∥^p_p ≤ 2^(p−1)(∥f∥^p_p+∥g∥^p_p) for two functions f and g in Lᵖ of any measure space. When f=g this is an equality, but when the supports of f and g are disjoint the factor 2^(p−1) is not needed. Carbery’s question concerns a proposed interpolation between the two situations for p > 2 with the interpolation parameter measuring the overlap being ∥fg∥_(p/2). Carbery proved that his proposed inequality holds in a special case. Here, we prove the inequality for all functions and, in fact, we prove an inequality of this type that is stronger than the one Carbery proposed. Moreover, our stronger inequalities are valid for all real p ≠ 0

Kinetics of a Model Weakly Ionized Plasma in the Presence of Multiple Equilibria

We study, globaly in time, the velocity distribution $f(v,t)$ of a spatially homogeneous system that models a system of electrons in a weakly ionized plasma, subjected to a constant external electric field $E$. The density $f$ satisfies a Boltzmann type kinetic equation containing a full nonlinear electron-electron collision term as well as linear terms representing collisions with reservoir particles having a specified Maxwellian distribution. We show that when the constant in front of the nonlinear collision kernel, thought of as a scaling parameter, is sufficiently strong, then the $L^1$ distance between $f$ and a certain time dependent Maxwellian stays small uniformly in $t$. Moreover, the mean and variance of this time dependent Maxwellian satisfy a coupled set of nonlinear ODE's that constitute the ``hydrodynamical'' equations for this kinetic system. This remain true even when these ODE's have non-unique equilibria, thus proving the existence of multiple stabe stationary solutions for the full kinetic model. Our approach relies on scale independent estimates for the kinetic equation, and entropy production estimates. The novel aspects of this approach may be useful in other problems concerning the relation between the kinetic and hydrodynamic scales globably in time.Comment: 30 pages, in TeX, to appear in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis: author's email addresses: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]