Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, Killed by Cougars, Puma concolor, and a Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos, in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming

Four cases where large predators caused Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) mortality are recorded. We describe two incidents of Cougars (Puma concolar) killing Wolves in Montana and one incident of a Cougar killing a Wolf in Alberta. We report the first recorded incident of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) killing a Wolf in the western United States

Supramolecular organizations in the aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli

The organization of respiratory chain complexes in supercomplexes has been shown in the mitochondria of several eukaryotes and in the cell membranes of some bacteria. These supercomplexes are suggested to be important for oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and to prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species. Here we describe, for the first time, the identification of supramolecular organizations in the aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli, including a trimer of succinate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, two heterooligomerizations have been shown: one resulting from the association of the NADH:quinone oxidoreductases NDH-1 and NDH-2, and another composed by the cytochrome bo3 quinol:oxygen reductase, cytochrome bd quinol:oxygen reductase and formate dehydrogenase (fdo). These results are supported by blue native-electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and kinetic data of wild type and mutant E . coli strains

Tieto lääkityksestä on turvallisen hoidon perusta

Ajantasainen tieto lääkityksestä löytyy vain harvoin valmiina tietojärjestelmistä. Olennaista on, kuinka potilas todellisuudessa käyttää lääkkeitään

"Vaaralliset" lääkkeet

Korjattu 12.12.2017 ks. oikaisu www.laakarilehti.fi > SisällysluettelotLääkkeitä, joiden käyttöön liittyy erityisiä turvallisuusriskejä, kutsutaan riskilääkkeiksi tai suuren riskin lääkkeiksi. Vaikka ne eivät välttämättä aiheuta enempää vaaratapahtumia kuin muutkaan lääkkeet, virheellisen käytön seuraukset ovat todennäköisemmin vakavia

Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, Killed by Cougars, Puma concolor, and a Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos, in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming

Four cases where large predators caused Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) mortality are recorded. We describe two incidents of Cougars (Puma concolar) killing Wolves in Montana and one incident of a Cougar killing a Wolf in Alberta. We report the first recorded incident of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) killing a Wolf in the western United States

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of sarilumab combination therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors: Systematic literature review and network meta-analyses

Objective To compare efficacy and safety of subcutaneous sarilumab 200 mg and 150 mg every 2 weeks plus conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (+csDMARDs) versus other targeted DMARDs+csDMARDs and placebo+csDMARDs, in inadequate responders to csDMARDs (csDMARD-IR) or tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFi-IR). Methods Systematic literature review and network meta-analyses (NMA) conducted on 24 week efficacy and safety outcomes: Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, modified total sharp score (mTSS, including 52 weeks), American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20/50/70, European League Against Rheumatism Disease Activity Score 28-joint count erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28)<2.6; serious infections/serious adverse events (including 52 weeks). Results 53 trials were selected for NMA. csDMARD-IR: Sarilumab 200 mg+csDMARDs and 150 mg+csDMARDs were superior versus placebo+csDMARDs on all outcomes. Against most targeted DMARDs, sarilumab 200 mg showed no statistically significant differences, except superiority to baricitinib 2 mg, tofacitinib and certolizumab on 24 week mTSS. Sarilumab 150 mg was similar to all targeted DMARDs. TNFi-IR: Sarilumab 200 mg was similar to abatacept, golimumab, tocilizumab 4 mg and 8 mg/kg intravenously and rituximab on ACR20/50/70, superior to baricitinib 2 mg on ACR50 and DAS28<2.6 and to abatacept, golimumab, tocilizumab 4 mg/kg intravenously and rituximab on DAS28<2.6. Sarilumab 150 mg was similar to targeted DMARDs but superior to baricitinib 2 mg and rituximab on DAS28<2.6 and inferior to tocilizumab 8 mg on ACR20 and DAS28<2.6. Serious adverse events, including serious infections, appeared similar for sarilumab versus comparators. Conclusions Results suggest that in csDMARD-IR and TNFi-IR (a smaller network), sarilumab+csDMARD had superior efficacy and similar safety versus placebo+csDMARDs and at least similar efficacy and safety versus other targeted DMARDs+csDMARDs