Note giuridico-metodologiche

L’esigenza di elaborare, ai fini del presente studio, da un lato una fenomenologia ampia e dettagliata della criminalità nell’area osservata e dall’altro lato uno schema di classificazione territoriale che costituisse un legame con la dimensione dello spazio e del territorio è alla base della scelta di ricorrere a una pluralità di fonti di informazione da affiancare all’esame degli archivi presso le procure. Il piano di ricerca empirica consta di tre momenti distinti tra loro: 1. L’analisi dei dati Istat; 2. L’interpretazione qualitativa dei fascicoli procedimentali; 3. La ricostruzione dei dati da fonte giornalistica.

People inflows as a pandemic trigger: Evidence from a quasi-experimental study

Although it has been established that population density can contribute to the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, there is no evidence to suggest that economic activities, which imply a significant change in mobility, played a causal role in the unfolding of the pandemic. In this paper, we exploit the particular situation of Sardinia (Italy) in 2020 to examine how changes in mobility due to tourism inflows (a proxy of economic activities) influenced the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we identify a strong causal relationship between tourism flows and the emergence of COVID-19 cases in Sardinia. We estimate the elasticity of COVID-19 cases in relation to the share of tourists to be 4.1%, which increases to 5.1% when excluding local residents. Our analysis suggests that, in the absence of tools preventing the spread of infection, changes in population density due to economic activities trigger the pandemic spreading in previously unaffected locations. This work contributes to the debate on the complex relationship between COVID-19 and the characteristics of locations by providing helpful evidence for risk-prevention policies

development and test of a portable device to monitor the health status of sarda breed sheep by the measurement of the milk electrical conductivity

The electrical conductivity (EC) of milk is a parameter which is often used for identifying sub-clinical mastitis in dairy animals. It is widely used for cattle, and is measured either by means of probes integrated into the milking machine or by means of portable devices. However this is not the case for small ruminants, where the available devices are few. The aim of this study is to deepen the knowledge of about the relationship between EC and certain constituents of Sarda sheep milk, and thus to develop a portable device specifically designed for on-site measurement of conductivity and to estimate the somatic cell count (SCC) of Sarda sheep milk. Therefore, the device allows a rapid test for checking the acceptability of milk to monitor the effects of udder infection. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method was used to evaluate how efficacious EC was in discriminating between animals with a somatic cell level higher or lower of a threshold value previously defined. The cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity and the area under the ROC curve for EC were, respectively, 4.835 mS/cm, 73.08, 75.46 and 0.804, using a threshold of 700 000 cells/ml. Our results gave a positive evaluation of the portable device that we had designed for estimating the SCC in sheep milk. Only 8.8% of the samples were incorrectly identified as negative. A portable device for EC measurement is a useful tool for monitoring the somatic cell level individually, and allows early and efficacious action to contrast new intramammary infections

Congenital remnants as a cause of neonatal respiratory impairment

Neonatal respiratory distress is a potentially life-threatening condition, representing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians, especially when it is caused by rare pathologies. Head and neck remnants are benign congenital neoplasms rarely observed in newborns. Teratoma is the most common congenital tumor in childhood, while head and neck epithelial and mesenchymal hamartomas are uncommon. We report three cases of pharyngeal congenital remnants presenting with neonatal airway obstruction. We observed a 9-month-old, 35-day-old, and 15-hour-old patients, who have been referred to our Department of Otorhinolaryngology with acute airway distress. All the patients showed a pharyngeal benign lesion, since teratomas originated from the left lateral wall of the pharynx in two cases and one “fibrovascular” hamartoma originated from the base of the tongue. Timely surgical excision through transoral CO2 laser microsurgery was curative in all the cases. Dyspnoea in newborns is a challenging condition and must be managed, when possible, by a well-trained paediatric team. When clinicians face obstructive airway congenital remnants, a timely and radical surgical excision is necessary to avoid potentially lethal asphyxia

A thematic vegetation dataset of SArdinian GRAsslands (SAGRA)

We present the dataset “SArdinian GRAsslands” (SAGRA), a collection of georeferenced vegetation surveys sourced from different areas of Sardinia (Italy). SAGRA addresses a geographic gap in current databases, as plots from Sardinian grasslands are underrepresented. We collected vegetation data from different projects and organized it within a framework that allows for scalability to larger scales or integration into existing databases. The surveys include three categories of information: general, vegetation and management, and environmental. Overall, SAGRA comprises 1277 vegetation surveys, some of which were performed in different years in the same plots. This dataset encompasses 685 plots and 434 species, primarily therophytes

Strutture e impianti adeguati per il benessere dei piccoli ruminanti

Negli animali d’interesse zootecnico la difficoltà di adattamento alle condizioni ambientali può portare allo sviluppo di patologie che si ripercuotono anche sulla qualità delle produzioni. La presenza in allevamento di strutture ed impianti che permettono una buona ed agevole gestione degli animali è un aspetto fondamentale nella determinazione del benessere degli ovini da latte. La stabulazione deve garantire ad ogni animale il continuo accesso all’alimento e all’acqua, un’area di riposo confortevole e asciutta, e spazio a sufficienza per muoversi e comportarsi secondo la normale gamma di comportamenti caratteristici della specie. In tema di benessere animale la mungitura rappresenta l’operazione critica nell’azienda zootecnica da latte. Il vuoto, la pulsazione ed il gruppo prendicapezzoli sono i principali elementi che influiscono sul benessere animale. Soltanto attraverso l’equilibrato rapporto di questi tre fattori si possono garantire le migliori prestazioni della mungitrice. Lo scopo del lavoro è quello di valutare con attenzione le strutture e gli elementi climatici ad esse connessi, nonché i principali aspetti tecnologici ed operativi dell’impianto di mungitura che possono influenzare la qualità del latte e il benessere animale. In quest’ottica, si è realizzato un prototipo di impianto che consente la mungitura ad un basso livello di vuoto operativo

A Survey on the milk fatty acid composition of forty dairy sheep flocks in Sardinia

A survey was carried out to monitor milk fatty acid (FA) composition during two years (2003 and 2004) on forty dairy sheep flocks, fed pasture based rations, in 5 macro pedoclimatic areas of Sardinia, featured by different i) soil type, (granitic, G; basaltic, B and alluvial, A) ii) average annual rainfall (low, L, 500-600 mm/year; high, H, 600-800 mm/year). Milk FA profile was strongly influenced by year. In particular milk linolenic acid (LN), CLA (conjugated linoeic acid) and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) levels increased (by 25, 30 and 14%, respectively, P<0.01) whereas the atherogenicity index (AI) decreased (by 8%, P<0.01) in all areas in 2004 as compared with 2003. Pedoclimatic area affected milk fatty acid composition (P<0.01). In both years milk from AL farms showed the highest levels of LN, CLA and PUFA. AI was lower in BH and GH in year 2003 and in BH, AH and GL in 2004

Exploring dynamics of floristic composition in Mediterranean grasslands: a case study from Sardinia, Italy

Mediterranean grasslands stand out as biodiversity hotspots due to their inclusion of diverse habitats that foster a remarkable range of biological diversity, characterized by inter-annual variability of floristic composition. This study aims to assess the inter-annual dynamics of the floristic composition in a grassland within a typical silvopastoral system in the Mediterranean basin, within the framework of rainfall variability. The study was performed on a farm representative of Mediterranean silvopastoral systems in Central-Western Sardinia (Italy). Vegetation surveys started in the spring of 2018 and concluded in the spring of 2022. They were conducted annually in the spring (S) and winter (W) seasons, using the point quadrat method along eight permanent transects. The dynamics of floristic composition were compared within and between years in terms of variability of specific percentage contribution (CSP) of each plant species. The results highlighted substantial differences in the composition of plant assemblages between the two seasons (W vs S) and between surveys within each season for all a posteriori comparisons. Anthemis arvensis, Lolium rigidum, Festuca ligustica and Medicago polymorpha were the main discriminating plant species between seasons. Considering the discriminant species between the four winter surveys, we found a positive effect of August rain on Cynodon dactylon CSP and a negative one on Trifolium subterraneum CSP. Considering the spring surveys, we found a positive effect of January rain on L. rigidum and a negative effect on Plantago lanceolata. The rain affected the inter-annual dynamics of floristic composition in the Mediterranean grasslands. Other factors, such as temperature, remain to be investigated. Moreover, a more extended data series may allow us to strengthen our results

Defects in III-N LEDs: experimental identification and impact on electro-optical characteristics

III-N light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) are subject of intense investigations, thanks to their high efficiency and great reliability. The quality of the semiconductor material has a significant impact on the electro-optical performance of LEDs: for this reason, a detailed characterization of defect properties and the modeling of the impact of defects on device performance are of fundamental importance. This presentation addresses this issue, by discussing a set of recent case studies on the topic; specifically, we focus on the experimental characterization of defects, and on the modeling of their impact on the electro-optical characteristics of the devices