Gli strumenti a garanzia du un'effettiva etica pubblica ; aspetti problematici : il caso della disciplina del conflito di interessi nell'esperienza italian

Estudo comparado sobre o tratamento dado ao conflito de interesses no direito da Itália e dos Estados Unidos. Aborda a relação entre ética e constituição, analisando o perfil da regras que regem a Constituição democrática da Itália. Tece comentários, em referência à experiência italiana, acerca da questão de conflito de interesses, tratada na Lei nº 215, de 20 de junho de 2004, e menciona a existência de lacunas e limitações na lei citada

Fourth stable radical species in X-ray irradiated sucrose

C

Ownership, Control, Sponsorship, and Trusteeship: Governance Relationships Within Private Catholic Religious-Sponsored Secondary Schools in the United States

The governance of private Catholic religious-sponsored secondary institutions in the United States is wholly unique, for many different influences distinguish these institutions from not only their public counterparts but also other Catholic schools operated by a diocese or parish. In the face of the changes of the post-Vatican II era, including the diminishing numbers of religious brothers, sisters, and priests available to minister within their respective apostolates, religious congregations have employed one particular governance construct, the board of limited-jurisdiction, originally created within the Catholic university and healthcare realms. Thus, while such boards hold the chief role in directing the progress of an individual institution, they are each in a governance relationship to that religious congregation and remain beholden to both Canon and civil law. The purpose of this study was to explore existing governance relationships between religious congregations and boards of limited-jurisdiction, specifically addressing the notions of Ownership, Control, Sponsorship, and Trusteeship. This was accomplished through the employment of focus-group methodology. Six focus groups were conducted by the researcher: three comprised of the leadership of different religious congregations and the other three being trustees from limited-jurisdiction boards related to each of the congregations. The results of this study witnessed that private Catholic religious-sponsored governance has many overlapping realities, which have highly varied definitions and understandings among groups engaged in Catholic governance. Further, the following conclusions were surfaced: civil corporation structures have been created or altered while canonical structures have not changed; Ownership is understood in three ways: ownership of property, of institution, and of mission or charism; the level of control held by the congregation differs within each governance relationship; the terms used to describe governance lack cohesive definitions, particularly true of Sponsorship; trustee formation for both religious and lay trustees while important often fails to provide sufficient coverage of Canon law; trustee turnover is a particular challenge; the role of the religious trustee is perceived to be unique, yet has not been formalized; and, civil law has been given precedence over Canon law. This study addressed a particular gap in the literature regarding the governance of Catholic secondary schools

Development of a new screening tool for cyber pornography. Psychometric properties of the Cyber Pornography Addiction Test (CYPAT)

Objective: Internet pornography addiction typically involves viewing, downloading and trading online pornography or engagement in adult fantasy role-play. There are some well-validated inventories measuring perceived addiction to internet pornography but these instruments are often too long for a functionally use and fast scoring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the cyber pornography addiction test (CYPAT), a new, brief, screening measure for assessing cyber pornography.Method: Participants of this study completed the CYPAT, the CPUI, the TAS-20 and the FACES-IV. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied.Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient suggested excellent reliability of the measure. Results of this study revealed also good construct, convergent and divergent validity.Conclusions: CYPAT is a brief self-report screening scale composed of 11 items scored on a five-point Likert scale with good psychometrics properties. The implications of these findings for future theoretical and empirical research in this field are discusse

Tackling Skeletal Muscle Cells Epigenome in the Next-Generation Sequencing Era

Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have transformed methodologies employed to study cell-specific epigenomes and the approaches to investigate complex cellular phenotypes. Application of next-generation sequencing technology in the skeletal muscle differentiation field is rapidly extending our knowledge on how chromatin modifications, transcription factors and chromatin regulators orchestrate gene expression pathways guiding myogenesis. Here, we review recent biological insights gained by the application of next-generation sequencing techniques to decode the epigenetic profile and gene regulatory networks underlying skeletal muscle differentiation

Attachment relationships and internalization and externalization problems in a group of adolescents with pathological gambling disorder

Objective: The evidence accumulated in the relevant literature suggests that the presence and evolution of gambling could be correlated with the internalizing and externalizing problems and with the attachment style. This paper aims at exploring this perspective further. In particular, it analyses how such risk factors interact within the specific context of adolescent gambling disorder. Method: The sample comprises 91 adolescents, 61 male and 30 female, in the 17-22 age range (M = 17.77; SD = 0.98). A structural equation model was used to examine the relationship between the Youth Self-Report latent factors and pathological gambling, and the mode of attachment was assumed to act as a moderator. Results: Our results suggest that in the group characterized by a fearful attachment style there was a positive relationship between somatization and propensity to risk (p = 0.008), whereas in the dismissing attachment group there was a positive relationship between a greater tendency to delinquent behaviour and gambling risk (p = 0.042). Conclusions: The various insecure attachment stylespatterns may contribute in different ways to the development of oppositional-provocative behaviour and problems of conduct in adolescents

Iron and Sphingolipids as Common Players of (Mal)Adaptation to Hypoxia in Pulmonary Diseases

Hypoxia, or lack of oxygen, can occur in both physiological (high altitude) and pathological conditions (respiratory diseases). In this narrative review, we introduce high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as examples of maladaptation to hypoxia, and highlight some of the potential mechanisms influencing the prognosis of the affected patients. Among the specific pathways modulated in response to hypoxia, iron metabolism has been widely explored in recent years. Recent evidence emphasizes hepcidin as highly involved in the compensatory response to hypoxia in healthy subjects. A less investigated field in the adaptation to hypoxia is the sphingolipid (SPL) metabolism, especially through Ceramide and sphingosine 1 phosphate. Both individually and in concert, iron and SPL are active players of the (mal)adaptation to physiological hypoxia, which can result in the pathological HAPE. Our aim is to identify some pathways and/or markers involved in the physiological adaptation to low atmospheric pressures (high altitudes) that could be involved in pathological adaptation to hypoxia as it occurs in pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Hepcidin, Cer, S1P, and their interplay in hypoxia are raising growing interest both as prognostic factors and therapeutical targets