Size-Dependent Dissociation of Carbon Monoxide on Cobalt Nanoparticles

[[abstract]]In situ soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was employed to study the adsorption and dissociation of carbon monoxide molecules on cobalt nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 4 to 15 nm. The majority of CO molecules adsorb molecularly on the surface of the nanoparticles, but some undergo dissociative adsorption, leading to oxide species on the surface of the nanoparticles. We found that the tendency of CO to undergo dissociation depends critically on the size of the Co nanoparticles. Indeed, CO molecules dissociate much more efficiently on the larger nanoparticles (15 nm) than on the smaller particles (4 nm). We further observed a strong increase in the dissociation rate of adsorbed CO upon exposure to hydrogen, clearly demonstrating that the CO dissociation on cobalt nanoparticles is assisted by hydrogen. Our results suggest that the ability of cobalt nanoparticles to dissociate hydrogen is the main parameter determining the reactivity of cobalt nanoparticles in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]紙本[[booktype]]電子

Light-Promoted Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide¿An Overview

[EN] Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide is considered as a viable strategy to generate fuels while closing the carbon cycle (heavily disrupted by the abuse in the exploitation of fossil resources) and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The process can be performed by heat-powered catalytic processes, albeit conversion and selectivity tend to be reduced at increasing temperatures owing to thermodynamic constraints. Recent investigations, as summarised in this overview, have proven that light activation is a distinct possibility for the promotion of CO2 hydrogenation to fuels. This effect is particularly beneficial in methanation processes, which can be enhanced under simulated solar irradiation using materials based on metallic nanoparticles as catalysts. The use of nickel, ruthenium and rhodium has led to substantial efficiencies. Light-promoted processes entail performances on a par with (or even superior to) those of thermally-induced, industrially-relevant, commercial technologies.The author thanks the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO) for financial support via a project for young researchers (CTQ2015-74138-JIN), and the ‘‘Severo Ochoa’’ programme (SEV 2012-0267). The European Union is also acknowledged for the SynCatMatch project (ERCAdG-2014-671093)Puga Vaca, A. (2016). Light-Promoted Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide¿An Overview. Topics in Catalysis. 59(15-16):1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0658-zS126812785915-16Centi G, Perathoner S (2009) Opportunities and prospects in the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels. Catal Today 148:191–205Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Angelini A (2014) Catalysis for the valorization of exhaust carbon: from CO2 to chemicals, materials, and fuels. technological use of CO2. Chem Rev 114:1709–1742Centi G, Quadrelli EA, Perathoner S (2013) Catalysis for CO2 conversion: a key technology for rapid introduction of renewable energy in the value chain of chemical industries. Energy Environ Sci 6:1711–1731Wang W, Wang S, Ma X, Gong J (2011) Recent advances in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Chem Soc Rev 40:3703–3727Gao J, Liu Q, Gu F, Liu B, Zhong Z, Su F (2015) Recent advances in methanation catalysts for the production of synthetic natural gas. RSC Adv 5:22759–22776Armaroli N, Balzani V (2011) The hydrogen issue. ChemSusChem 4:21–36Gao J, Wang Y, Ping Y, Hu D, Xu G, Gu F, Su F (2012) A thermodynamic analysis of methanation reactions of carbon oxides for the production of synthetic natural gas. RSC Adv 2:2358–2368Jadhav SG, Vaidya PD, Bhanage BM, Joshi JB (2014) Catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol: a review of recent studies. Chem Eng Res Des 92:2557–2567de Richter RK, Ming T, Caillol S (2013) Fighting global warming by photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using giant photocatalytic reactors. Renew Sust Energ Rev 19:82–106Schach M-O, Schneider R, Schramm H, Repke J-U (2010) Techno-economic analysis of postcombustion processes for the capture of carbon dioxide from power plant flue gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 49:2363–2370Centi G, Perathoner S (2010) Towards solar fuels from water and CO2. ChemSusChem 3:195–208Corma A, Garcia H (2013) Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 for fuel production: possibilities and challenges. J Catal 308:168–175Izumi Y (2013) Recent advances in the photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels with water and/or hydrogen using solar energy and beyond. Coord Chem Rev 257:171–186Dhakshinamoorthy A, Navalon S, Corma A, Garcia H (2012) Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by TiO2 and related titanium containing solids. Energy Environ Sci 5:9217–9233Indrakanti VP, Kubicki JD, Schobert HH (2009) Photoinduced activation of CO2 on Ti-based heterogeneous catalysts: current state, chemical physics-based insights and outlook. Energy Environ Sci 2:745–758Ozin GA (2015) You can’t have an energy revolution without transforming advances in materials, chemistry and catalysis into policy change and action. Energy Environ Sci 8:1682–1684Ozin GA (2015) Throwing new light on the reduction of CO2. Adv Mater 27:1957–1963Abe T, Tanizawa M, Watanabe K, Taguchi A (2009) CO2 methanation property of Ru nanoparticle-loaded TiO2 prepared by a polygonal barrel-sputtering method. Energy Environ Sci 2:315–321Li Y, Lu G, Ma J (2014) Highly active and stable nano NiO-MgO catalyst encapsulated by silica with a core-shell structure for CO2 methanation. RSC Adv 4:17420–17428Garbarino G, Bellotti D, Riani P, Magistri L, Busca G (2015) Methanation of carbon dioxide on Ru/Al2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts at atmospheric pressure: catalysts activation, behaviour and stability. Int J Hydrogen Energy 40:9171–9182Carenco S, Wu C-H, Shavorskiy A, Alayoglu S, Somorjai GA, Bluhm H, Salmeron M (2015) Synthesis and structural evolution of nickel-cobalt nanoparticles under H2 and CO2. Small 11:3045–3053Sharafutdinov I, Elkjaer CF, de Carvalho HWP, Gardini D, Chiarello GL, Damsgaard CD, Wagner JB, Grunwaldt J-D, Dahl S, Chorkendorff I (2014) Intermetallic compounds of Ni and Ga as catalysts for the synthesis of methanol. J Catal 320:77–88Studt F, Sharafutdinov I, Abild-Pedersen F, Elkjaer CF, Hummelshøj JS, Dahl S, Chorkendorff I, Nørskov JK (2014) Discovery of a Ni-Ga catalyst for carbon dioxide reduction to methanol. Nat Chem 6:320–324Garbarino G, Riani P, Magistri L, Busca G (2014) A study of the methanation of carbon dioxide on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts at atmospheric pressure. Int J Hydrogen Energy 39:11557–11565Iablokov V, Beaumont SK, Alayoglu S, Pushkarev VV, Specht C, Gao J, Alivisatos AP, Kruse N, Somorjai GA (2012) Size-controlled model CO nanoparticle catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic reactions. Nano Lett 12:3091–3096Behrens M, Studt F, Kasatkin I, Kühl S, Hävecker M, Abild-Pedersen F, Zander S, Girgsdies F, Kurr P, Kniep B-L, Tovar M, Fischer RW, Nørskov JK, Schlögl R (2012) The active site of methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 industrial catalysts. Science 336:893–897Graciani J, Mudiyanselage K, Xu F, Baber AE, Evans J, Senanayake SD, Stacchiola DJ, Liu P, Hrbek J, Fernández Sanz J, Rodriguez JA (2014) Highly active copper-ceria and copper-ceria-titania catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2. Science 345:546–550Fiordaliso EM, Sharafutdinov I, Carvalho HWP, Grunwaldt J-D, Hansen TW, Chorkendorff I, Wagner JB, Damsgaard CD (2015) Intermetallic GaPd2 nanoparticles on SiO2 for low-pressure CO2 hydrogenation to methanol: catalytic performance and in situ characterization. ACS Catal 5:5827–5836Kohno Y, Tanaka T, Funabiki T, Yoshida S (1997) Photoreduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen over ZrO2. Chem Commun 9:841–842Kohno Y, Tanaka T, Funabiki T, Yoshida S (2000) Photoreduction of CO2 with H2 over ZrO2. A study of interaction of hydrogen with photoexcited CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2:2635–2639Kohno Y, Ishikawa H, Tanaka T, Funabiki T, Yoshida S (2001) Photoreduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen over magnesium oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 3:1108–1113Teramura K, Tsuneoka H, Shishido T, Tanaka T (2008) Effect of H2 gas as a reductant on photoreduction of CO2 over a Ga2O3 photocatalyst. Chem Phys Lett 467:191–194Tsuneoka H, Teramura K, Shishido T, Tanaka T (2010) Adsorbed Species of CO2 and H2 on Ga2O3 for the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2. J Phys Chem C 114:8892–8898Teramura K, S-i Okuoka, Tsuneoka H, Shishido T, Tanaka T (2010) Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using H2 as reductant over ATaO3 photocatalysts (A = Li, Na, K). Appl Catal B 96:565–568Kohno Y, Hayashi H, Takenaka S, Tanaka T, Funabiki T, Yoshida S (1999) Photo-enhanced reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen over Rh/TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A 126:117–123Lo C-C, Hung C-H, Yuan C-S, Wu J-F (2007) Photoreduction of carbon dioxide with H2 and H2O over TiO2 and ZrO2 in a circulated photocatalytic reactor. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 91:1765–1774Hoch LB, Wood TE, O’Brien PG, Liao K, Reyes LM, Mims CA, Ozin GA (2014) The rational design of a single-component photocatalyst for gas-phase CO2 reduction using both UV and visible light. Adv Sci 1:1400013Li M, Li P, Chang K, Wang T, Liu L, Kang Q, Ouyang S, Ye J (2015) Highly efficient and stable photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 over Ru loaded NaTaO3. Chem Commun 51:7645–7648Tahir M, Amin NS (2015) Photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2 as reductant over copper and indium co-doped TiO2 nanocatalysts in a monolith photoreactor. Appl Catal A 493:90–102Tahir M, Amin NS (2016) Performance analysis of nanostructured NiO–In2O3/TiO2 catalyst for CO2 photoreduction with H2 in a monolith photoreactor. Chem Eng J 285:635–649Ahmed N, Shibata Y, Taniguchi T, Izumi Y (2011) Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol using zinc-copper-M(III) (M = aluminum, gallium) layered double hydroxides. J Catal 279:123–135Ahmed N, Morikawa M, Izumi Y (2012) Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol using optimized layered double hydroxide catalysts. Catal Today 185:263–269Yang C-C, Vernimmen J, Meynen V, Cool P, Mul G (2011) Mechanistic study of hydrocarbon formation in photocatalytic CO2 reduction over Ti-SBA-15. J Catal 284:1–8Thampi KR, Kiwi J, Grätzel M (1987) Methanation and photo-methanation of carbon-dioxide at room-temperature and atmospheric pressure. Nature 327:506–508O’Brien PG, Sandhel A, Wood TE, Jelle AA, Hoch LB, Perovic DD, Mims CA, Ozin GA (2014) Photomethanation of gaseous CO2 over RU/silicon nanowire catalysts with visible and near-infrared photons. Adv Sci 1:1400001Meng X, Wang T, Liu L, Ouyang S, Li P, Hu H, Kako T, Iwai H, Tanaka A, Ye J (2014) Photothermal conversion of CO2 into CH4 with H2 over group VIII nanocatalysts: an alternative approach for solar fuel production. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:11478–11482Sastre F, Puga AV, Liu L, Corma A, García H (2014) Complete photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methane by H2 under solar light irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 136:6798–6801Hong J, Zhang W, Ren J, Xu R (2013) Photocatalytic reduction of CO2: a brief review on product analysis and systematic methods. Anal Methods 5:1086–1097Yang C-C, Yu Y-H, van der Linden B, Wu JCS, Mul G (2010) Artificial photosynthesis over crystalline TiO2-based catalysts: fact or fiction. J Am Chem Soc 132:8398–8406Kohno Y, Tanaka T, Funabiki T, Yoshida S (1998) Identification and reactivity of a surface intermediate in the photoreduction of CO2 with H2 over ZrO2. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 94:1875–1880Teramura K, Tanaka T, Ishikawa H, Kohno Y, Funabiki T (2004) Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in the presence of H2 or CH4 as a reductant over MgO. J Phys Chem B 108:346–354Zhang H, Wang T, Wang J, Liu H, Dao TD, Li M, Liu G, Meng X, Chang K, Shi L, Nagao T, Ye J (2016) Surface-plasmon-enhanced photodriven CO2 reduction catalyzed by metal-organic-framework-derived iron nanoparticles encapsulated by ultrathin carbon layers. Adv Mater 28:3703–3710Morikawa M, Ahmed N, Yoshida Y, Izumi Y (2014) Photoconversion of carbon dioxide in zinc-copper-gallium layered double hydroxides: the kinetics to hydrogen carbonate and further to CO/methanol. Appl Catal B 144:561–569Sabatier P (1910) Making methane or mixtures of methane and hydrogen, US Pat. 956734Melsheimer J, Guo W, Ziegler D, Wesemann M, Schlögl R (1991) Methanation of carbon dioxide over Ru/Titania at room temperature: explorations for a photoassisted catalytic reaction. Catal Lett 11:157–168Lin X, Yang K, Si R, Chen X, Dai W, Fu X (2014) Photoassisted catalytic methanation of CO in H2-rich stream over Ru/TiO2. Appl Catal B 147:585–591Lin X, Lin L, Huang K, Chen X, Dai W, Fu X (2015) CO methanation promoted by UV irradiation over Ni/TiO2. Appl Catal B 168–169:416–422Sastre F, Oteri M, Corma A, García H (2013) Photocatalytic water gas shift using visible or simulated solar light for the efficient, room-temperature hydrogen generation. Energy Environ Sci 6:2211–2215Sastre F, Corma A, García H (2013) Visible-light photocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to methane by nickel(ii) oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:12983–12987Zhao Y, Zhao B, Liu J, Chen G, Gao R, Yao S, Li M, Zhang Q, Gu L, Xie J, Wen X, Wu L-Z, Tung C-H, Ma D, Zhang T (2016) Oxide-modified nickel photocatalyst for the production of hydrocarbons in visible light. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55:4215–4219Albero J, Garcia H, Corma A (2016) Temperature dependence of solar light assisted CO2 reduction on Ni based photocatalyst. Top Catal 59:787–79

Dealloying of Cobalt from CuCo Nanoparticles under Syngas Exposure

International audienceThe structure and composition of core−shell CuCo nanoparticles were found to change as a result of cleaning pretreatments and when exposed to syngas (CO + H 2) at atmospheric pressure. In situ X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies revealed the oxidation state of the particles as well as the presence of adsorbates under syngas. Transmission electron microscopy was used for ex situ analysis of the shape, elemental composition, and structure after reaction. The original core−shell structure was found to change to a hollow CuCo alloy after pretreatment by oxidation in pure O 2 and reduction in pure H 2. After 30 min of exposure to syngas, a significant fraction (5%) of the particles was strongly depleted in cobalt giving copper-rich nanoparticles. This fraction increased with duration of syngas exposure, a phenomenon that did not occur under pure CO or pure H 2. This study suggests that Co and Cu can each individually contribute to syngas conversion with CuCo catalysts

Polarization-Independent Filtering in a Grating-Assisted Horizontal Directional Coupler

International audienceWe report here on the design and the first realization of a grating-assisted horizontal directional coupler filter exhibiting a highly reduced polarization sensitivity. The filter, which is based on InP-InGaAsP materials, is particularly suitable for integration in a 1.3 * 1.3 pm duplexer. A polarization dependence below 1 dB has been measured for the separation of two 10 nm wide channels, respectively centered at 1.28 pm and 1.32 Irm, for a rejection ratio of 10 dB