Análise de metilxantinas em dezesseis progênies de erva mate extraídas por dióxido de carbono supercrítico.

A Ilex paraguariensis apresenta grande potencial de utilização pela diversidade de seus compostos químicos. Dentre os principais grupos de compostos presentes em erva mate citam-se as metilxantinas, com predominância de cafeína, teobromina e traços de teofilina. Na quantificação convencional destes compostos utiliza-se extração com solvente orgânico que expressa o conteúdo total de cafeína presente na amostra. Como forma alternativa de obtenção das metilxantinas pode-se utilizar a extração por fluído supercrítico (EFSC). Esta extração caracteriza-se pela obtenção de produtos de elevada qualidade, sem as inconveniências de resíduos de solventes e alterações nas propriedades do extrato presente na extração convencional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar metilxantinas presentes nas amostras de dezesseis progênies oriundas de quatro procedências (Ivaí/PR, Barão de Cotegipe/RS, Quedas do Iguaçu/PR e Cascavel/PR), cultivadas em três localidades (Ivaí/PR, Rio Azul/PR e Guarapuava/PR) utilizando a extração por solventes orgânicos e pela EFSC usando como solvente o CO2. As metilxantinas foram quantificadas por HPLC e espectrometria comparando-se com padrão. Os teores médios de metilxantinas, correspondendo à soma de cafeína e teobromina, foram de 19,112 mg/100 g nas progênies de Ivaí/PR, 8,906 mg/100 g nas progênies de Rio Azul/PR e de 12,796 mg/100 g nas progênies de Guarapuava/PR. Ao compararmos a extração supercrítica com a extração convencional de cafeína os valores médios encontrados foram de 2,808±0,7 % para Ivaí/PR, 1,537±0,2 % em Rio Azul/PR e 1,728±0,5 % para Guarapuava/PR. A EFSC usando o dióxido de carbono como solvente aliada à análise HPLC mostrou-se eficiente na caracterização e quantificação das metilxantinas presentes nas amostras analisadas.Seção: Controle de Qualidade/ Composição Química. Feira do Agronegócio da Erva-mate, 1., 2003, Chapecó. Integrar para promover o agronegócio da erva-mate

Is there a link between overactive bladder and the metabolic syndrome in women? : A systematic review of observational studies

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.To conduct a systematic review to determine whether there is an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or overactive bladder (OAB) in women. We systematically reviewed English language observational studies on the effect of MetS (or component factors) on the presence of OAB or LUTS in women. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library with no date restrictions, checked reference lists and undertook citation searches in PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies were assessed for risk of bias. Because of heterogeneity, results were not pooled, but are reported narrativelyPeer reviewe

Construction and validation of the APOCHIP, a spotted oligo-microarray for the study of beta-cell apoptosis

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a autoimmune disease caused by a long-term negative balance between immune-mediated beta-cell damage and beta-cell repair/regeneration. Following immune-mediated damage the beta-cell fate depends on several genes up- or down-regulated in parallel and/or sequentially. Based on the information obtained by the analysis of several microarray experiments of beta-cells exposed to pro-apoptotic conditions (e.g. double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and cytokines), we have developed a spotted rat oligonucleotide microarray, the APOCHIP, containing 60-mer probes for 574 genes selected for the study of beta-cell apoptosis. RESULTS: The APOCHIP was validated by a combination of approaches. First we performed an internal validation of the spotted probes based on a weighted linear regression model using dilution series experiments. Second we profiled expression measurements in ten dissimilar rat RNA samples for 515 genes that were represented on both the spotted oligonucleotide collection and on the in situ-synthesized 25-mer arrays (Affymetrix GeneChips). Internal validation showed that most of the spotted probes displayed a pattern of reaction close to that predicted by the model. By using simple rules for comparison of data between platforms we found strong correlations (r(median)= 0.84) between relative gene expression measurements made with spotted probes and in situ-synthesized 25-mer probe sets. CONCLUSION: In conclusion our data suggest that there is a high reproducibility of the APOCHIP in terms of technical replication and that relative gene expression measurements obtained with the APOCHIP compare well to the Affymetrix GeneChip. The APOCHIP is available to the scientific community and is a useful tool to study the molecular mechanisms regulating beta-cell apoptosis

Formation mechanisms of spatially-directed zincblende gallium nitride nanocrystals

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98716/1/JApplPhys_110_124307.pd

Variação nos teores de polifenóis totais e taninos em dezesseis progênies de erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis S. Hil.) cultivadas em três municípios do Paraná.

Resumo

STUDY OF THE O-18+Ni-64 TWO-NEUTRON TRANSFER REACTION AT 84 MeV BY MAGNEX

A study of the two-neutron transfer reaction of the O-18 + Ni-64 system at 84 MeV incident energy to the ground and first 2(+) excited state of the residual Ni-66 nucleus is presented. The experiment was performed at the INFN-LNS (Italy) by using the large acceptance MAGNEX spectrometer. Theoretical models are used in order to disentangle the competition between long-range and short-range correlations

Long-range versus short-range correlations in the two-neutron transfer reaction Ni 64 (O 18, O 16) Ni 66

Recently, various two-neutron transfer studies using the (18O,16O) reaction were performed with a large success. This was achieved because of a combined use of the microscopic quantum description of the reaction mechanism and of the nuclear structure. In the present work we use this methodology to study the two-neutron transfer reaction of the 18O+64Ni system at 84 MeV incident energy, to the ground and first 2+ excited state of the residual 66Ni nucleus. All the experimental data were measured by the large acceptance MAGNEX spectrometer at the Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare \u2013Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Italy). We have performed exact finite range cross section calculations using the coupled channel Born approximation (CCBA) and coupled reaction channel (CRC) method for the sequential and direct two-neutron transfers, respectively. Moreover, this is the first time that the formalism of the microscopic interaction boson model (IBM-2) was applied to a two-neutron transfer reaction. From our results we conclude that for two-neutron transfer to the ground state of 66Ni, the direct transfer is the dominant reaction mechanism, whereas for the transfer to the first excited state of 66Ni, the sequential process dominates. A competition between long-range and short-range correlations is discussed, in particular, how the use of two different models (Shell model and IBM's) help to disentangle long- and short-range correlations