PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR E EDUCACIONAL NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: CONSTRUINDO PRÁTICAS CRÍTICAS

A atuação do psicólogo no campo ainda pouco desbravado da educação profissional e tecnológica é desafiadora visto que são poucas as experiências consolidadas na área e, portanto, os referenciais de prática profissionais são escassos. Partindo dessa realidade o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir práticas em psicologia escolar e educacional desenvolvidas no contexto do Instituto Federal do Ceará (IFCE), buscando aprofundar os estudos já realizados e ampliar o quadro de produções teórico-práticas da área. As informações e questão de análise, objeto do presente trabalho, foram levantadas em pesquisa qualitativa com dezesseis psicólogos do IFCE que participaram de entrevista semiestruturada que buscava abordar a atuação desses profissionais, os desafios da prática cotidiana e suas estratégias de superação dos entraves do contexto de trabalho. Os resultados apontam para três eixos principais de atuação: acompanhamento psicológico individual; execução de campanhas com demais profissionais da Assistência Estudantil e; desenvolvimento e elaboração de projetos com foco em discentes e comunidade acadêmica. Esse conjunto de práticas reflete os processos de transformação pelos quais passa a atuação em psicologia escolar e educacional na educação profissional, científica e tecnológica

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

Children ́s path to social welfare : A comparative study of two Administrative Court decisions according to the Care of Young Persons Act 2 §

I närmare 100 år har sociala frågor diskuterats i Sverige och i takt med att samhället förändras, ändras även synen på människan och samhällets normer och värderingar. Synen på vad som är sociala problem och vad som orsakar dem har förändrats och även det sociala arbetet genomgår förändringar och påverkas kontinuerligt av både lokala och globala processer. De sociala skillnaderna har de senaste årtiondena ökat både mellan och inom länder och sociala skillnader kan idag även ses mellan geografiska områden i städer. När en förvaltningsrätt ska avgöra frågan om ett barn ska vårdas av samhället, övergår det sociala arbetet till att även bli en rättslig process. Syftet i den här studien har varit att undersöka rättstillämpningen av 2 § LVU vid förvaltningsrätten i Luleå och Malmö. Genom valet av de två förvaltningsrätterna får studien med en samhällskontext vilket gjorde det möjligt att närmare undersöka om förändringar av samhällets normer och värderingar även kan ses vid beslut om beredande av vård för barn genom tvång. I studien undersöktes vilka rekvisit de båda förvaltningsrätterna grundat sina beslut på och vilka likheter som kunde ses i det fattade besluten gällande bifall eller avslag på socialnämndernas ansökningar om vård enligt 2 § LVU. En kvalitativ ansats med innehållsanalys som metod har använts för studien som omfattar 31 förvaltningsrättsbeslut och berörde 42 barn. I studien har domskälen i förvaltningsrätternas beslut använts för att identifiera de rekvisit och argument som förvaltningsrätterna angett som grund för sina beslut. Resultatet av de i studien ingående 42 ärendena, med 37 bifall respektive fem avslag, var jämnt fördelade mellan de båda förvaltningsrätterna. Av de fyra rekvisiten i 2 § LVU har de båda förvaltningsrätterna nämnt rekvisitet brister i omsorgen i nästan samtliga bifallna beslut. I de ansökningar som rätterna avslog, angavs också liknande rättsliga argument. Studiens resultat visar på slutsatser om att liknande fall har bedömts på liknande sätt och med liknande rättsliga argument av de båda förvaltningsrätterna

9) Efeito do Manejo do Solo em Algumas Propriedades Físicas de um Latossolo Amarelo, do Estado do Pará.

Ministério da Educação e do Desporto e Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará.1) Discute-se aplicações do método estatístico de Análise de Fatores (AF), na caracterização da estrutura das florestas tropicais, através da elaboração de um mapa tipológico, construído a partir de um índice, definido como: o módulo da resultante da soma vetorial dos escores fatoriais ponderados pela contribuição de cada fator à comunalidade total.2) Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as mudanças edáficas causadas pelo cultivo intensivo (pomar) de um Latossolo Amarelo álico textura média, em comparação com um solo com as mesmas características sob cobertura de uma vegetação secundária (capoeira). As características físicas estudadas foram: textura, densidade global, densidade de partículas, macro e microporosidade e volume de sólidos. Fez-se ainda a determinação da matéria orgânica. Os resultados mostraram que a porosidade total e a macroporosidade alteraram para menor, enquanto que a densidade global aumentou na profundidade do 0-20 cm na área sob pomar. Por sua vez, o manejo intensivo, causado pela mecanização e influenciada pelo baixo teor de matéria orgânica, contribuiu para um brusco aumento de densidade global até a profundidade de 20 cm: em conseqüência, a microporosidade apresenta aumento altamente significativo em relação aos valores encontrados na capoeira, até profundidade de 20 cm.3) A área da bacia do rio Candiru-Açu encontra-se localizada na microrregião homogênea Guajarina, entre os paralelos de 2° 24' a 2° 56' de latitude Sid e entre os meridianos de 47° 19' e 47° 45' de longitude W Gr. Os solos ai existentes são representados pelos Latossolos Amarelos de textura média a muito argilosa. Podzólicos Vermelhos-Amarelos. Solos Aluviais e Hidromórficos Indiscriminados. O objetivo da pesquisa foi demonstrar a eficiência de imagens de satélite do TM/LANDSAT-S no mapeamento do uso atual das terras e da cobertura vegetal da bacia hidrográfica do rio Candiru-Açu, o qual foi realizado na escala 1:100.000. As delimitações foram realizadas por meio da interpretação visual das imagens coloridas do TM/LANDSAT-5 na combinação 3R4G5B, com apoio das imagens preto e branco dos canais 4 e 5, na escala 1:100.000. Na área da bacia foi observado que 54,31% encontra-se coberta por vegetação florestal primitiva, vindo em seguida a atividade pecuária com 30,14%, a capoeira com 12.07%, a agricultura com 3,44% e, finalmente a área urbana com 0,04% da área total. A escala final do mapa de uso atual foi de 1:400.000.4) Relata-se um caso de Hemopericárdio em cão de raça pastor alemão, com 'rês anos de idade, acometido por Hiperparasitismo por Spirocerca lupi. O hemopericárdio resultou da ruptura de um aneurisma do tipo dissecante na porção intrapericárdica da artéria aorta, com o acúmulo aproximado de 300ml de sangue no saco pericárdico, fator determinante de morte súbita por tamponamento cardíaco. Outras lesões foram identificadas a nível da artéria aorta na forma de numerosos e pequenos nódulos na adventícia. Na porção torácica do esôfago, foram identificados três nódulos. Os exemplares de S. lupi totalizaram 175 espécimes, sendo que algumas estavam livres da serosa periesofágica e periaórtica.5) Estudou-se a influência de cinco diferentes sistemas de manejo, na condutividade hidráulica e estabilidade de agregado de um Podzólico Amarelo Tb Álico Epidistrófico, textura arenosa/média no município de Igarapé-Açu, Estado do Pará, cultivado com milho (Zea mays L). A localidade é caracterizada por um clima do tipo Ami da classificação de Köeppen. Além do sistema convencional, foram testados dois sistemas reduzidos de preparo (enxada rotativa e duas gradagens leves) e dois sistemas sem mobilização do solo (capina manual e plantio direto). O sistema convencional apresentou baixo valor de condutividade hidráulica (4,2 mm/h) e a estabilidade de agregado foi maior no plantio direto e nos sistemas reduzidos de preparo na camada superficial de 0-10cm.6) Fui estudada a mineralogia da fração argila dos solos classificados como série Sede e Babaçu, pertencentes ao grande grupo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, existente na Estação Experimental da CEPLAC, município de Santa Inês-MA. O estudo teve por finalidade conhecer a natureza dos minerais de argila desses solos, relacionando-se com suas características físicas e químicas. Identificaram-se como minerais de argila, quartzo, caulinita, ilita e presença de uma mistura pouco definida de ilita/montmorilonita. Embora apresentem mineralogia semelhante ao longo dos subhorizontes, a série Babaçu detém maior teor de argila e, em média, o dobro da CTC da série Sede.7) Em uma propriedade do município de Castanhal, Estado do Pará, em um rebanho de trezentos bovinos destinados à produção leiteira, criados em sistema de semiconfinamento, foi constatado que um animal da raça holandesa,com aproximadamente sete anos de idade e do sexo feminino, apresentava nódulos e lesões multiulcerativas bastante extensas, situadas na região lombo-sacra e dorsal. Pelas características macroscópicas suspeitou-se de carcinoma epidermóide. Em seguida foi realizada biópsia da lesão. O exame histológico comprovou o diagnóstico clínico.8) Os efeitos de micorriza e de níveis de fósforo sobre o crescimento de mudas de Hevea brasiliensis foram determinados em casa-de-vegetação na Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado com seis repetições na combinação de três níveis de fósforo, com e sem inoculação. Os níveis de fósforo foram 0,9; 1,8 e 2,7g de P2O5 por planta, usando-se o superfosfato triplo. Nos tratamentos com inoculação, esta fo ifeita com o fungo Gigaspora margarila, sendo que o solo não foi esterilizado. As avaliações foram realizadas nove meses após o plantio. As análises de raízes não evidenciaram a presença do fungo inoculado, entretanto, estas foram infectadas por Rhizoctonia sp. Esta infecção promoveu o aumento do diâmetro, da altura e do peso de matéria seca das plantas fertilizadas com o maior nível de fósforo.9) Com objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do manejo sobre a estabilidade dos agregados do solo em água, foram amostradas, em janeiro de 1992, duas áreas adjacentes de um Latossolo Amarelo álico, textura média, uma cultivada com pomar doméstico de espécies frutíferas que é submetida a contínuo manejo mecanizado e outra não cultivada sob vegetação secundária em regeneração (capoeira), com aproximadamente 18 anos de pousio. Foram feitas amostragens às profundidades de 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm e 30-40 cm. Os dados obtidos não demonstraram efeito significativo do manejo sobre a agregação e o conteúdo de matéria orgânica. Estas variáveis somente foram influenciadas pela profundidade do solo. O efeito significante do manejo em função da profundidade, manifestou-se sobre a densidade aparente, a macroporosidade e a microporosidade. O índice de agregação apresentou correlação altamente significante com a densidade aparente, a macroporosidade e o conteúdo de matéria orgânica. Com a microporosidade, a signficância ficou ao nivel de 0,05%.1) This work discusses aplications offactor analysis to characterize the structure of tropical forests. It suggested that the construction of the typological map can be based on an index defined as the modulus of the resultant vectorial sum of factor scores weighted by the contribution of each factor for total community.2) This work had as objective to evaluate the edaphyc change caused hy intensive cultivation of an alic yellow latosol of medium texture, for making comparison with the same soil but with another regrow plant cover (capoeira). The soil physical characteristics studied were: texture, bulk density, particle density, macro and microporosity and volume of particles. The organic matter content was also determined. The results pointed out that the total porosity and macroporosity changed to less in the area under intensive cultivation in relation with capoeira area. The bulk density in this area increased at the depth of to 20cm. The intensive management caused by the soil mechanization an influenced by the low value organic matter as content. Contributed to increase the bulk density to a soil depth of 20cm. For this reason the microporosity presents hight significant increase in relation to the values presents in the soil of capoeira treatment up to the soil depth of 20cm.3) The Candiru-Açu area is located within the homogeneous micro region Guajarina between latitude 02° 24 ; and 02º 56' South, and longitude 47 º 19" and 47°45' west. The soil there existing are represented by the Yellow Latosols medium textured to very clayey; red-yellow Podzolics and Alluvial and Hidromorphicsoil. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the LANDSAT-5 image efficience in the survey of the atual use of lands and vegetal cover of Candiru-Açu hydrographical basin, which was mapped on the 1:100.000 scale. The delineated through visual interpretation of the colored TM/LANDSAT-5 images composed by the 3R 4G 5B channels aided by black and white images on the 4 and 5 channels a 1:100.000 scale. The final scale o fthe mup of atual use was 1:400.000.4) This study reports a case of Hemopericardium in a three years old German shepherd dog, taken with hyperparasitism by Spirocerca lupi. The hemopericardium was caused by the rupture of an aneurism of the dissecant type on the intrapericardial portion of the aorta, with a blood acummulation of about 300 ml in the pericardium sac, a determinam factor of sudden death. Other Lesions were identified on the aorta artery in the form of numerous small nolules on the adventitia. Three nodules were found on the thoracic portion of the esophagus. There were 175 S. lupi specimes, some of which found free in the perisophagic and periaorta serosa.5) The main ptirpose study Mas to evaluate the influence of five differents management systems, on the hydraulic conductivity (determinated in laboratory) and aggregated stability, of the sandy/medium textured Epidistrofic Alie Yellow Podzolic soil, located in the Amazon Region, county of Igarapé-Açu, State of Pará in Brazil, tilled with corn (Zea mays L.) This area is characterized by a type Ami climate based on the Koeppen classification. In addition to the conventional system of preparing the soil, two reduced system were tested (rotovator-RO and two light harrowings - LH) and two systems without tillaging the soil (hand weeding - HW and no-tilled - NT). The conventional system caused a great reduction on the hydraulic conductivity, where the aggregated stability was small in the reduced systems and no-tilled,in the 0-10 cm surface layer.6) The mineralogy of clays fraction of soil Sede serie and soil Babaçu serie was studied. The two soil series belongs to the red-yellow podzolic soil great groups of the Experimental Station of CEPLAC, in Santa Inês county of Maranhão State. The aims of the present study was to know the nature of the clay mineralogy of the soil and to stablish the relationship with some phisical and chemical soil characteristics. The main clay minerais identified were: quartz, caolinite, illit/montmorilonit. Dispite the both soil series present similar mineralogy along the soil horizons the Babaçu soil serie presents more clay percent along the soil horinzons in average double of CEC of they soil serie Sede.7) A 7 year old cow of the Deutsch race, belonging to a herd of 300 milk cows raised in semiconfinament in a ranch located in Castanhal, State of Pará, Brazil, was found with nodules and multicerative extensive lesions on the lunbosacral and dorsal regions. The microscopic characteristics indicated the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma, a diagnosis confirmed by the biopsy ofthe lesion.8) The effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus leveis on the growth of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings was determined in a greenhouse trial at the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz ". The experimental design wass completely randomized with six replications in a factorial combination of three P levels and two inoculation treatments. The phosphorus levels were: 0,9; 1,8 and 2,7 of P2O5 per plant using triple superphosphate. The inoculation treatments were: without inoculation and inocidation with the fungus Gigaspora margarita. For both treatments the soil irai not sterilized. Evaluations were made nine months after planting. Root analysis did not show the presence of the fungus inocidated, however, roots were infected by Rhyzoctonia sp. This infection promoted an increase in height, diameter and shoot dry matter on plants fertilized with the highest phosphorus level.9) The effect of aggregate stability of the soil was studied in the alic yellow latosol with medium granulometric textural conditions. One of the areas is cultivate with a domestic fruit tree archard wich is submitted to continuous mechanized management and the other one is a non-cultivated secondary forest with approximately 18 years of rest. The samples were taken at the iepths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm., 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm. The results didn 't show any significant effect of the management on the aggregation and on the organic matter content. These variable were affected only by the soil depth. The significant effect of management related to depht was shown on bulk density on macroporosity and on microporosity. The aggregation index showed higt significant correlation with bulkdensity, macroporosity and organic matter content the signification with microporosity was at 0,05%

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests. Resumen: Los bosques tropicales son los ecosistemas más diversos y productivos del mundo y entender su funcionamiento es crítico para nuestro futuro colectivo. Sin embargo, hasta hace muy poco, los esfuerzos para medirlos y monitorearlos han estado muy desconectados. El trabajo en redes es esencial para descubrir las respuestas a preguntas que trascienden las fronteras y los plazos de las agencias de financiamiento. Aquí mostramos cómo una comunidad global está respondiendo a los desafíos de la investigación en ecosistemas tropicales a través de diversos equipos realizando mediciones árbol por árbol en miles de parcelas permanentes de largo plazo. Revisamos los descubrimientos más importantes de este trabajo y discutimos cómo este proceso está cambiando la ciencia relacionada a los bosques tropicales. El enfoque central de nuestro esfuerzo implica la conexión de iniciativas locales de largo plazo con protocolos estandarizados y manejo de datos para producir resultados que se puedan trasladar a múltiples escalas. Conectando investigadores tropicales, elevando su posición y estatus, nuestro modelo de Red Social de Investigación reconoce el rol fundamental que tienen, para el descubrimiento científico, quienes generan o producen los datos. Concebida en 1999 con RAINFOR (Suramérica), nuestras redes de parcelas permanentes han sido adaptadas en África (AfriTRON) y el sureste asiático (T-FORCES) y ampliamente replicadas en el mundo. Actualmente todas estas iniciativas están integradas a través de la ciber-infraestructura de ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 países en 24 redes diferentes de parcelas. Colectivamente, estas redes están transformando nuestro conocimiento sobre los bosques tropicales y el rol de éstos en la biósfera. Juntos hemos descubierto cómo, dónde y porqué el carbono y la biodiversidad de los bosques tropicales está respondiendo al cambio climático y cómo se retroalimentan. Esta colaboración pan-tropical de largo plazo ha expuesto un gran sumidero de carbono y sus tendencias, mostrando claramente cuáles son los factores más importantes, qué procesos se ven afectados, dónde ocurren los cambios, los tiempos de reacción y las probables respuestas futuras mientras el clima continúa cambiando. Apalancando lo que realmente es una tecnología antigua, las redes de parcelas están generando una verdadera y moderna revolución en la ciencia tropical. En el futuro, la humanidad puede beneficiarse enormemente si se nutren y cultivan comunidades de investigadores de base, actualmente con la capacidad de generar información única y de largo plazo para entender los que probablemente son los bosques más preciados de la tierra. Resumo: Florestas tropicais são os ecossistemas mais diversos e produtivos da Terra. Embora uma boa compreensão destas florestas seja crucial para o nosso futuro coletivo, até muito recentemente os esforços de medições e monitoramento tem sido amplamente desconexos. É essencial formarmos redes para obtermos respostas que transcendam as fronteiras e horizontes das agências financiadoras. Neste estudo nós mostramos como uma comunidade global está respondendo aos desafios da pesquisa de ecossistemas tropicais, com equipes diversas medindo florestas, árvore por árvore, em milhares de parcelas monitoradas a longo prazo. Nós revisamos as maiores descobertas científicas deste esforço global, e mostramos também como este processo vem mudando a ciência de florestas tropicais. Nossa abordagem principal envolve unir iniciativas de base a protocolos padronizados e gerenciamento de dados a fim de gerar resultados robustos em grandes escalas. Ao conectar pesquisadores tropicais e elevar seus status, nosso modelo de Rede de Pesquisa Social reconhece o papel chave do produtor dos dados na descoberta científica. Concebida em 1999 com o RAINFOR (América do Sul), nossa rede de parcelas permanentes foi adaptada para África (AfriTRON) e Sudeste Asiático (T-FORCES), e tem sido extensamente reproduzida em todo o mundo. Agora estas múltiplas iniciativas estão integradas através da infraestrutura cibernética do ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 países e 24 redes de parcelas. Estas iniciativas estão transformando coletivamente o entendimento das florestas tropicais e seus papéis na biosfera. Juntos nós descobrimos como, onde e por que o carbono e a biodiversidade da floresta estão respondendo às mudanças climáticas, e seus efeitos de retroalimentação. Esta duradoura colaboração pantropical revelou um grande sumidouro de carbono persistente e suas tendências, assim como tem evidenciado quais os fatores que influenciam essas tendências, quais processos florestais são mais afetados, onde eles estão mudando, seus atrasos no tempo de resposta, e as prováveis respostas das florestas tropicais conforme o clima continua a mudar. Dessa forma, aproveitando uma notável tecnologia antiga, redes de parcelas acendem as faíscas de uma moderna revolução na ciência das florestas tropicais. No futuro a humanidade pode se beneficiar incentivando estas comunidades locais que agora são coletivamente capazes de gerar conhecimentos únicos e duradouros sobre as florestas mais preciosas da Terra. Résume: Les forêts tropicales sont les écosystèmes les plus diversifiés et les plus productifs de la planète. Si une meilleure compréhension de ces forêts est essentielle pour notre avenir collectif, jusqu'à tout récemment, les efforts déployés pour les mesurer et les surveiller ont été largement déconnectés. La mise en réseau est essentielle pour découvrir les réponses à des questions qui dépassent les frontières et les horizons des organismes de financement. Nous montrons ici comment une communauté mondiale relève les défis de la recherche sur les écosystèmes tropicaux avec diverses équipes qui mesurent les forêts arbre après arbre dans de milliers de parcelles permanentes. Nous passons en revue les principales découvertes scientifiques de ces travaux et montrons comment ce processus modifie la science des forêts tropicales. Notre approche principale consiste à relier les initiatives de base à long terme à des protocoles standardisés et une gestion de données afin de générer des résultats solides à grande échelle. En reliant les chercheurs tropicaux et en élevant leur statut, notre modèle de réseau de recherche sociale reconnaît le rôle clé de l'auteur des données dans la découverte scientifique. Conçus en 1999 avec RAINFOR (Amérique du Sud), nos réseaux de parcelles permanentes ont été adaptés à l'Afrique (AfriTRON) et à l'Asie du Sud-Est (T-FORCES) et largement imités dans le monde entier. Ces multiples initiatives sont désormais intégrées via l'infrastructure ForestPlots.net, qui relie des collègues de 54 pays à travers 24 réseaux de parcelles. Ensemble, elles transforment la compréhension des forêts tropicales et de leur rôle biosphérique. Ensemble, nous avons découvert comment, où et pourquoi le carbone forestier et la biodiversité réagissent au changement climatique, et comment ils y réagissent. Cette collaboration pan-tropicale à long terme a révélé un important puits de carbone à long terme et ses tendances, tout en mettant en évidence les facteurs les plus importants, les processus forestiers qui sont affectés, les endroits où ils changent, les décalages et les réactions futures probables des forêts tropicales à mesure que le climat continue de changer. En tirant parti d'une technologie remarquablement ancienne, les réseaux de parcelles déclenchent une révolution très moderne dans la science des forêts tropicales. À l'avenir, l'humanité pourra grandement bénéficier du soutien des communautés de base qui sont maintenant collectivement capables de générer une compréhension unique et à long terme des forêts les plus précieuses de la Terre. Abstrak: Hutan tropika adalah di antara ekosistem yang paling produktif dan mempunyai kepelbagaian biodiversiti yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Walaupun pemahaman mengenai hutan tropika amat penting untuk masa depan kita, usaha-usaha untuk mengkaji dan mengawas hutah-hutan tersebut baru sekarang menjadi lebih diperhubungkan. Perangkaian adalah sangat penting untuk mencari jawapan kepada soalan-soalan yang menjangkaui sempadan dan batasan agensi pendanaan. Di sini kami menunjukkan bagaimana sebuah komuniti global bertindak balas terhadap cabaran penyelidikan ekosistem tropika melalui penglibatan pelbagai kumpulan yang mengukur hutan secara pokok demi pokok dalam beribu-ribu plot jangka panjang. Kami meninjau semula penemuan saintifik utama daripada kerja ini dan menunjukkan bagaimana proses ini sedang mengubah bidang sains hutan tropika. Teras pendekatan kami memberi tumpuan terhadap penghubungan inisiatif akar umbi jangka panjang dengan protokol standar serta pengurusan data untuk mendapatkan hasil skala besar yang kukuh. Dengan menghubungkan penyelidik-penyelidik tropika dan meningkatkan status mereka, model Rangkaian Penyelidikan Sosial kami mengiktiraf kepentingan peranan pengasas data dalam penemuan saintifik. Bermula dengan pengasasan RAINFOR (Amerika Selatan) pada tahun 1999, rangkaian-rangkaian plot kekal kami kemudian disesuaikan untuk Afrika (AfriTRON) dan Asia Tenggara (T-FORCES) dan selanjutnya telah banyak dicontohi di seluruh dunia. Kini, inisiatif-inisiatif tersebut disepadukan melalui infrastruktur siber ForestPlots.net yang menghubungkan rakan sekerja dari 54 negara di 24 buah rangkaian plot. Secara kolektif, rangkaian ini sedang mengubah pemahaman tentang hutan tropika dan peranannya dalam biosfera. Kami telah bekerjasama untuk menemukan bagaimana, di mana dan mengapa karbon serta biodiversiti hutan bertindak balas terhadap perubahan iklim dan juga bagaimana mereka saling bermaklum balas. Kolaborasi pan-tropika jangka panjang ini telah mendedahkan sebuah sinki karbon jangka panjang serta arah alirannya dan juga menjelaskan pemandu-pemandu perubahan yang terpenting, di mana dan bagaimana proses hutan terjejas, masa susul yang ada dan kemungkinan tindakbalas hutan tropika pada perubahan iklim secara berterusan di masa depan. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan lama, rangkaian plot sedang menyalakan revolusi yang amat moden dalam sains hutan tropika. Pada masa akan datang, manusia sejagat akan banyak mendapat manfaat jika memupuk komuniti-komuniti akar umbi yang kini berkemampuan secara kolektif menghasilkan pemahaman unik dan jangka panjang mengenai hutan-hutan yang paling berharga di dunia