The ALBA project: an evaluation of needs, management, fears of Italian young patients with type 1 diabetes in a school setting and an evaluation of parents' and teachers' perceptions.

Objective: To determine how Italian parents and school personnel of 6-13-year-old children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) manage during school hours, including insulin administration, management of hypoglycemia, and glucagon use. A further aim was an investigation into the responsibilities and training of school personnel regarding diabetes. Research design and methods: After an initial qualitative phase, semi-structured questionnaires were completed by a sample of parents and teachers. Results: 220 parent and 52 teacher questionnaires were completed. 43.6% of parents said diabetes had negatively influenced school activities. Children either self-administer insulin, or have help from a parent, since there is very rarely a nurse present (3.6%) or a teacher who will take responsibility for the treatment (2.9%). Most parents (55.9%) stated either that the school had no refrigerator to store glucagon or that they did not know if the school was so equipped. A small percentage of teachers considered their schools to be equipped to manage an emergency (23%) and said they would use glucagon directly in an emergency (14.9%). Only 40.4% of teachers said that they had received any specific training. Conclusions: The study shows that people who are not directly involved have superficial knowledge of the different aspects of diabetes, even though no parents reported episodes of neglect/incorrect management. There is no legislation which clearly defines the role of the school in the care of children with T1D, and teachers are not trained to help them. Training sessions for school personnel and greater legislative clarity about the 'insulin and glucagon question' are key factors that may improve the full integration of the child with diabetes. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

The ALBA project: an evaluation of needs, management, fears of Italian young patients with type 1 diabetes in a school setting and an evaluation of parents' and teachers' perceptions.

Objective: To determine how Italian parents and school personnel of 6-13-year-old children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) manage during school hours, including insulin administration, management of hypoglycemia, and glucagon use. A further aim was an investigation into the responsibilities and training of school personnel regarding diabetes. Research design and methods: After an initial qualitative phase, semi-structured questionnaires were completed by a sample of parents and teachers. Results: 220 parent and 52 teacher questionnaires were completed. 43.6% of parents said diabetes had negatively influenced school activities. Children either self-administer insulin, or have help from a parent, since there is very rarely a nurse present (3.6%) or a teacher who will take responsibility for the treatment (2.9%). Most parents (55.9%) stated either that the school had no refrigerator to store glucagon or that they did not know if the school was so equipped. A small percentage of teachers considered their schools to be equipped to manage an emergency (23%) and said they would use glucagon directly in an emergency (14.9%). Only 40.4% of teachers said that they had received any specific training. Conclusions: The study shows that people who are not directly involved have superficial knowledge of the different aspects of diabetes, even though no parents reported episodes of neglect/incorrect management. There is no legislation which clearly defines the role of the school in the care of children with T1D, and teachers are not trained to help them. Training sessions for school personnel and greater legislative clarity about the 'insulin and glucagon question' are key factors that may improve the full integration of the child with diabetes. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

System for recycling wastewater resulting form the washing and rinsing proces sof a dishwasher, expecially for reuse in said process and for irrigation of plants, and process for the use of said system

A system for recycling waste water form the washing and rinsing process of a dishwasher is described, said dishwasher having at least one washing cycle and at least one rinsing cycle, the system comprising: a plant irrigation system; a first reservoir, adapted to receive and contain liquid drained from the dishwasher as a result of said washing and rinsing cycles; a second reservoir adapted to receive and contain a liquid; a first filter adapted to contain a liquid coming from said reservoir; a biological filter adapted to further filter the liquid coming from said first filter, said biological filter being adapted to transform an organic component of the liquid received from said first filter into an inorganic component comprising nutrition substances for said plants