The medieval pilgrims routes in the Apulian settlements and their relationship with Rome and Santiago de Compostela

The medieval pilgrims routes in the Apulian settlements and their relationship with Rome and Santiago de Compostela The Medieval cave settlements and cave churches in the Apulia region, in southern Itlay, created with their frescoes, along the pilgrims roads and the Ancient Appia route, a connection with the grave of Saint James in Santiago de Compostela. Indeed during the Middle Age the Church and the local nobles and feudatories used the Apulian medieval pilgrims’ routes for religious and marketing purposes linking Apulian Cave frescoes churches with Santiago de Compostela, therefore one of the aim of the research is to retrace the pilgrims routes basing on the images of the Saints painted in some frescoes and to create a veritable virtual link of the Apulian medieval cave churches with Saint James’ tomb in Santiago de Compostela thanks to the representation of the Saint bringing the pecten iacobeus (shell of St. James) and the Pilgrim’s bagshow. Aim of the research, applied to the proposed study area of the ravines and cave churches of Apulia, is to analyse, plan and restructure the ancient routes and livestock trail paths of the area by means of the files found in the archives in order to “redraw” the historical, social and environmental landscape and present it as paths with strong touristic interest with reference to the Apulian ravines area, the agricultural and forest landscapes and the traditional farmhouses

Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Finance. Exploring Performance, Impact Measurement and Financial Inclusion

The economy, and the financial system, are at risk due to the increasingly frequent and extensive harm caused by climate and social changes. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concerns, which include threats to biodiversity, social conditions, and business management standards, impact the economy's present and potential growth (Bank of Italy, 2022). Environmental and sustainability characteristics are among the most relevant risk categories, in terms of both the frequency and severity of potential repercussions (World Economic Forum, 2022). Investor attention to ESG concerns has grown globally. Approximately 36% of the world's assets under management, or $35.3 trillion, were sustainable financial investments; this was more than double the amount in 2016 (Global Sustainable Investment Alliance, 2021). The economy's sustainable growth, and the financial system's stability, can be impacted by these factors, as well as the social and governance profiles of businesses and institutions. Businesses and the financial industry are becoming increasingly interested in sustainability. Contemporary environmental and social issues are challenging the traditional business paradigm, which needs to be more open and inclusive to meet the interests of new stakeholder groups better. At the European level, it was reiterated how sustainability, even considering the recovery following the Covid-19 pandemic, will play a critically important role in achieving the goals of the European Green Deal. From those mentioned above, it follows that both measuring impact and performance are crucial, as well as communicating results to stakeholders. Despite the attention that sustainable finance is receiving, even considering recent global events, several issues still need attention. This book aims to maintain awareness of the problems with effect measurement, generated performance, and, not least, the function of sustainable finance in financial Inclusion