Does the lateral intercondylar ridge disappear in ACL deficient patients?

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the presence of the lateral intercondylar ridge and the lateral bifurcate ridge between patients with sub-acute and chronic ACL injuries. We hypothesized that the ridges would be present less often with chronic ACL deficiency. Twenty-five patients with a chronic ACL injury were matched for age and gender to 25 patients with a sub-acute ACL injury. The lateral intercondylar ridge and lateral bifurcate ridge were scored as either present, absent, or indeterminate due to insufficient visualization by three blinded observers. The kappa for the three observers was .61 for the lateral intercondylar ridge and .58 for the lateral bifurcate ridge. The lateral intercondylar ridge was present in 88% of the sub-acute patients and 88% of the chronic patients. The lateral bifurcate ridge was present in 48% of the sub-acute and 48% of the chronic patients. This matched-pairs case–control study was unable to show a difference in the presence of the femoral bony ridges between patients with acute and chronic ACL injuries. The authors would suggest looking for the ridges as a landmark of the native ACL insertion site during ACL reconstruction in both acute and chronic ACL injuries

Navigating the Diagnostic Challenges of Bipolar Disorder in the Youth

Bipolar disorder (BD) in youth populations is challenging to diagnose and treat but early detection is important to mitigate risks and improve outcomes in many functional domains. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the unique challenges of diagnosing and treating BD in youth and discussing the ongoing research and evolving thoughts on diagnosis and treatment. BD is associated with a significant personal and societal health burden and is frequently misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated. There is still much research needed to understand the pathophysiology of BD and what treatment options are best throughout the lifespan. BD is difficult to diagnose as it is comorbid with many other psychiatric conditions and shares many features with other conditions such as depression, anxiety, Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), borderline personality disorder and still others. The presentation of someone with BD can vary greatly based on what part of the cycle they are presenting and the severity of their case

Exercise Prescription: Safely Planning Exercise for Patients

Presentation: 49 minute