76 research outputs found
A Multi-Head Ensemble Multi-Task Learning Approach for Dynamical Computation Offloading
Computation offloading has become a popular solution to support
computationally intensive and latency-sensitive applications by transferring
computing tasks to mobile edge servers (MESs) for execution, which is known as
mobile/multi-access edge computing (MEC). To improve the MEC performance, it is
required to design an optimal offloading strategy that includes offloading
decision (i.e., whether offloading or not) and computational resource
allocation of MEC. The design can be formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear
programming (MINLP) problem, which is generally NP-hard and its effective
solution can be obtained by performing online inference through a well-trained
deep neural network (DNN) model. However, when the system environments change
dynamically, the DNN model may lose efficacy due to the drift of input
parameters, thereby decreasing the generalization ability of the DNN model. To
address this unique challenge, in this paper, we propose a multi-head ensemble
multi-task learning (MEMTL) approach with a shared backbone and multiple
prediction heads (PHs). Specifically, the shared backbone will be invariant
during the PHs training and the inferred results will be ensembled, thereby
significantly reducing the required training overhead and improving the
inference performance. As a result, the joint optimization problem for
offloading decision and resource allocation can be efficiently solved even in a
time-varying wireless environment. Experimental results show that the proposed
MEMTL outperforms benchmark methods in both the inference accuracy and mean
square error without requiring additional training data
The NS1 protein of influenza a virus interacts with heat shock protein Hsp90 in human alveolar basal epithelial cells: Implication for virus-induced apoptosis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Our previous study showed that the NS1 protein of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549), supporting its function as a proapoptotic factor during viral infection, but the mechanism is still unknown.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To characterize the mechanism of NS1-induced apoptosis, we used a two-hybrid system to isolate the potential NS1-interacting partners in A549 cells. We found that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was able to interact with the NS1 proteins derived from both H5N1 and H3N2 viruses, which was verified by co-immunoprecitation assays. Significantly, the NS1 expression in the A549 cells dramatically weakened the interaction between Apaf-1 and Hsp90 but enhanced its interaction with cytochrome c (Cyt c), suggesting that the competitive binding of NS1 to Hsp90 might promote the Apaf-1 to associate with Cyt c and thus facilitate the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present results demonstrate that NS1 protein of Influenza A Virus interacts with heat hock protein Hsp90 and meidates the apoptosis induced by influenza A virus through the caspase cascade.</p
Text as Image: Learning Transferable Adapter for Multi-Label Classification
Pre-trained vision-language models have notably accelerated progress of
open-world concept recognition. Their impressive zero-shot ability has recently
been transferred to multi-label image classification via prompt tuning,
enabling to discover novel labels in an open-vocabulary manner. However, this
paradigm suffers from non-trivial training costs, and becomes computationally
prohibitive for a large number of candidate labels. To address this issue, we
note that vision-language pre-training aligns images and texts in a unified
embedding space, making it potential for an adapter network to identify labels
in visual modality while be trained in text modality. To enhance such
cross-modal transfer ability, a simple yet effective method termed random
perturbation is proposed, which enables the adapter to search for potential
visual embeddings by perturbing text embeddings with noise during training,
resulting in better performance in visual modality. Furthermore, we introduce
an effective approach to employ large language models for multi-label
instruction-following text generation. In this way, a fully automated pipeline
for visual label recognition is developed without relying on any manual data.
Extensive experiments on public benchmarks show the superiority of our method
in various multi-label classification tasks
Reconfigurable Intelligent Computational Surfaces: When Wave Propagation Control Meets Computing
The envisioned sixth-generation (6G) of wireless networks will involve an
intelligent integration of communications and computing, thereby meeting the
urgent demands of diverse applications. To realize the concept of the smart
radio environment, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are a promising
technology for offering programmable propagation of impinging electromagnetic
signals via external control. However, the purely reflective nature of
conventional RISs induces significant challenges in supporting
computation-based applications, e.g., wave-based calculation and signal
processing. To fulfil future communication and computing requirements, new
materials are needed to complement the existing technologies of metasurfaces,
enabling further diversification of electronics and their applications. In this
event, we introduce the concept of reconfigurable intelligent computational
surface (RICS), which is composed of two reconfigurable multifunctional layers:
the `reconfigurable beamforming layer' which is responsible for tunable signal
reflection, absorption, and refraction, and the `intelligence computation
layer' that concentrates on metamaterials-based computing. By exploring the
recent trends on computational metamaterials, RICSs have the potential to make
joint communication and computation a reality. We further demonstrate two
typical applications of RICSs for performing wireless spectrum sensing and
secrecy signal processing. Future research challenges arising from the design
and operation of RICSs are finally highlighted
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