A study of fracture lines distribution characteristics in complete articular fractures of the patella

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to unveil the characteristics of fracture lines distribution and explore its clinical significance of complete articular fractures of the patella.MethodsA consecutive series of image data from 88 patients with complete articular patella fractures were retrospectively included. Three-dimensional reconstruction images of the patella fractures were created and collected. Subsequently, these reconstructed images were visually overlaid onto a standard anterior and posterior patella template. The fracture lines were then identified, traced onto the template, and utilized to generate patella fracture maps. Furthermore, the incidence rate of patella fracture lines involving the distal pole was analyzed.ResultsThe maps depict the fracture lines of complete articular patella fractures. For simple and complex patella fractures, the primary fracture lines primarily converge within the Middle and Lower regions, exhibiting a transverse pattern. Conversely, the primary fracture lines in comminuted patella fractures are randomly dispersed across the patella. Examining the maps, approximately 63.6% (56/88) of complete articular patella fractures exhibited involvement of the distal pole in the anterior view, while 48.9% (43/88) displayed distal pole fractures in the posterior view. The incidence of distal pole injury increased progressively with the severity of patella fractures.ConclusionThe patterns and distribution of fracture lines in cases of complete articular patella fractures are prominently illustrated on the constructed fracture maps. Familiarity with these common characteristics of complete articular patella fracture, especially with the distal pole injury, can aid surgeons in developing preoperative planning, executing surgical strategies effectively, and reducing inappropriate treatment

T cell aging and Alzheimer’s disease

The brain has long been considered an immune-privileged organ due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, recent discoveries have revealed the underestimated role of T cells in the brain through the meningeal lymphatic system. Age is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), resulting in marked age-dependent changes in T cells. Manipulating peripheral T cell immune response has been shown to impact AD, but the relationship between T cell aging and AD remains poorly understood. Given the limited success of targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) and the growing evidence of T cells’ involvement in non-lymphoid organ aging, a deeper understanding of the relationship between T cells and AD in the context of aging is crucial for advancing therapeutic progress. In this review, we comprehensively examine existing studies on T cells and AD and offer an integrated perspective on their interconnections in the context of aging. This understanding can inform the development of new interventions to prevent or treat AD

PCDHGB7 hypermethylation-based Cervical cancer Methylation (CerMe) detection for the triage of high-risk human papillomavirus-positive women:a prospective cohort study

BackgroundImplementation of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) screening has greatly reduced the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. However, a triage strategy that is effective, noninvasive, and independent from the subjective interpretation of pathologists is urgently required to decrease unnecessary colposcopy referrals in hrHPV-positive women.MethodsA total of 3251 hrHPV-positive women aged 30–82 years (median = 41 years) from International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital were included in the training set (n = 2116) and the validation set (n = 1135) to establish Cervical cancer Methylation (CerMe) detection. The performance of CerMe as a triage for hrHPV-positive women was evaluated.ResultsCerMe detection efficiently distinguished cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2 +) from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or normal (CIN1 −) women with excellent sensitivity of 82.4% (95% CI = 72.6 ~ 89.8%) and specificity of 91.1% (95% CI = 89.2 ~ 92.7%). Importantly, CerMe showed improved specificity (92.1% vs. 74.9%) in other 12 hrHPV type-positive women as well as superior sensitivity (80.8% vs. 61.5%) and specificity (88.9% vs. 75.3%) in HPV16/18 type-positive women compared with cytology testing. CerMe performed well in the triage of hrHPV-positive women with ASC-US (sensitivity = 74.4%, specificity = 87.5%) or LSIL cytology (sensitivity = 84.4%, specificity = 83.9%).ConclusionsPCDHGB7 hypermethylation-based CerMe detection can be used as a triage strategy for hrHPV-positive women to reduce unnecessary over-referrals.Trial registrationChiCTR2100048972. Registered on 19 July 2021.<br/

Integration of Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction with the Transcription Network for Plant Growth Regulation in Arabidopsis

SummaryBrassinosteroids (BRs) regulate a wide range of developmental and physiological processes in plants through a receptor-kinase signaling pathway that controls the BZR transcription factors. Here, we use transcript profiling and chromatin-immunoprecipitation microarray (ChIP-chip) experiments to identify 953 BR-regulated BZR1 target (BRBT) genes. Functional studies of selected BRBTs further demonstrate roles in BR promotion of cell elongation. The BRBT genes reveal numerous molecular links between the BR-signaling pathway and downstream components involved in developmental and physiological processes. Furthermore, the results reveal extensive crosstalk between BR and other hormonal and light-signaling pathways at multiple levels. For example, BZR1 not only controls the expression of many signaling components of other hormonal and light pathways but also coregulates common target genes with light-signaling transcription factors. Our results provide a genomic map of steroid hormone actions in plants that reveals a regulatory network that integrates hormonal and light-signaling pathways for plant growth regulation