Arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının kumlu tın bünyeli toprağın ve mısırın ağır metal içeriği üzerine etkisi

Bu denemede, kentsel arıtma çamurunun kumlu tın bünyeli toprağın ve mısırın ağır metal içeriği üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Stabilize arıtma çamuru belediyelerin atık su arıtma tesislerinden çıkan son üründür. Bu ürün arazide depolanarak, denize boşaltılarak, toprak altına gömülerek ya da yakılarak bertaraf edilmektedir. Bunlara ek olarak, stabilize arıtma çamuru toprak düzenleyici ve gübre olarak tarım alanlarında da kullanılmaktadır. Araştırma denemesi, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Uygulama ve Araştırma Çiftliğine ait arazi üzerinde kurulmuştur. Denemelerin yürütüldüğü araziler Gediz Havzası içerisinde yer alan Menemen Ovası'nda bulunmaktadırlar. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre, 5 uygulama ve 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Parseller 3x3 m boyutlarında, aralarında 2 m boşluk olacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Deneme kumlu-tın bünyeye sahip arazide kurulmuştur. Uygulamalar: kontrol, mineral gübre, kuru madde olarak 1t/da; 2 t/da; 3 t/da arıtma çamuru uygulamasıdır. Arıtma çamuru uygulamaları ile topraktaki toplam As, Ni, ve Pb içeriğinde tanığa göre istatistiksel olarak değişim olmazken, toplam Hg, Cu, Cr, Cd ve Zn elementleri istatistiksel olarak tanığa göre artış göstermiştir. Bu artışa rağmen, topraktaki toplam As, Cu, Cr, Cd ve Zn miktarı yönetmelikte izin verilen sınır değerlerin oldukça altında kalmıştır. Arıtma çamuru uygulamaları ile alınabilir Cu ve Zn elementlerinde kontrole göre istatistiksel olarak artış göstermiştir. Artan dozdaki arıtma çamuru uygulamaları mısır verimini tanığa göre istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde artırmıştır.The aim of this study is to determine effects of treated sewage sludge applications on heavy metal content of sandy loam soil and corn. Treated sewage sludge (TSS) is an ultimate product of municipal wastewater treatment plant. It may be deposited in landfills, in the sea (ocean disposal), under the ground, or (to a certain extent) in the air as a consequence of incineration. In addition TSS can be recycled in various ways, including its use as fertilizer, as a soil conditioner in farmland. The experiment was conducted in the experimental fields of Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Research Application and Production Farm-İzmir. The study was carried out in Menemen Plain located in Gediz Basin. The field study was conducted in 20 plots in a randomized-block design. The plots dimensions were 3 m width and 3 m length. Soil texture of experimental field is sandy loam. The experiment was conducted with four replications and five different applications. These applications are control, mineral fertilizer, dry sewage sludge 1 t/da; 2 t/da; 3t/da. There was no relationship between treated sewage sludge levels and total As, Ni and Pb concentration in soil when compared with control. However, total Hg, Cu, Cr, Cd and Zn concentrations in soil were significantly increased by increasing treated sewage sludge applications. But heavy metals concentrations in soil were lower than the toxic threshold values according to the official limits. Increasing treated sewage sludge applications were significantly increased available Cu and Zn concentrations in soil when compared with control. Applications of increasing treated sewage sludge levels were significantly increased corn yields when compared with control as statistically

Implications of surfactant application on soil hydrology, macronutrients, and organic carbon fractions: An integrative field study

This study investigates the effects of repeated applications of the non-ionic soil surfactant H2Flo (ICL-SF Inc., Israel) on the soil water content, hydraulic conductivity, nutrient distribution, and organic carbon fractions (OCFs) in non-hydrophobic loamy sand soils under subsurface drip irrigation. Our results indicate that H2Flo treatment reduces both saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity while promoting the uniform irrigation distribution, consistent with previous findings on surfactants' effects on sandy soils. An increase in soil pH levels, organic carbon content, and extractable magnesium, calcium, and potassium was observed in treated soils, with elevated levels of potassium permanganate oxidizable organic carbon (POXC) implying accelerated decomposition rates. Notably, a positive linear relationship was found between POXC and the increased NO3--N content of treated soils, suggesting induced conditions of nitrification. However, the carbon fractions water-soluble organic carbon (Cws) and hot water-soluble organic carbon (Chws) remained quantitatively unchanged, even though they exhibited a positive linear relationship with the soil's hydraulic conductivity. The study highlights the crucial role of monitoring changes in OCFs and nutrient dynamics after surfactant application to optimize soil organic matter utilization and chemical fertilizer management