Why did the Swiss electorate refuse the initiative on Unconditional Basic Income ("UBI") and what this vote would suppose for Switzerland in the future ?

Working conditions and the work environment have evolved significantly over the last decades. As one of the consequences of automation and productivity gains, working time has decreased, and unemployment has increased since the middle of the XIX century. The portion of the active Swiss population working part time was 4% in 1960, 12% in 1970, 19% in 1990, 29% in 2000 and 34% in 2010. What would the job market be like in the post-automation and post-digitalization era? To answer these questions, the advocates of the popular initiative in Switzerland launched the debate on the Unconditional Basic Income. A UBI is a periodic cash payment unconditionally received by all individuals, without means-test or work obligations. This concept is not new and has been applied before in several countries around the globe with very different results. This debate led to the proposition of the federal initiative for an “Unconditional Basic Income”. The initiative was submitted to a popular vote on June 5th, 2016 in Switzerland. Unfortunately for its supporters, the popular initiative was refused by 76.9% of the Swiss electorate. Knowing that Swiss voters were concerned about the increasing unemployment rates and precarious work contracts, this thesis investigates the reasons that led Switzerland to refuse the initiative. Results obtained from a survey realized in Geneva, shown that 83.3% of the Swiss electorate is concerned about changes in the work environment. However, the initiative failed to be approved as the proportion of voters supporting the initiative was inferior to 50% of the electorate. Based on this fact, one can conclude that an important share of the population believed in the necessity of a security plan for unemployment but did not support the initiative. Furthermore, it can be concluded that being aware of the changes in the work environment and unemployment issues was not a sufficient reason to vote in favour of a UBI. Thus, this work proposes that the Swiss population do not believe that giving a lump sum to all citizens is the better solution to fight unemployment and counter arrest the threats of automation

La revolución ciudadana y los trabajadores

Presenta la política laboral del gobierno en el sector público, evidenciando una tendencia regresiva en el ejercicio de la libertad sindical, la negociación colectiva y el derecho de huelga en el sector público. Denuncia los despidos masivos, hostigamiento, persecución y criminalización y las reformas jurídicas regresivas en materia de derechos sindicales y laborales. Establece los elementos de una política laboral progresista que respete íntegramente la libertad y estabilidad sindical a fin de respetar la negociación colectiva y al derecho de huelga como derechos humanos fundamentales

Multiple Pyoderma Gangrenosum Ulcers Associated with Cocaine Abuse

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The Algarve climatophilous vegetation series – Portugal: a base document to the planning, management and nature conservation Les séries de végètation climatophiles de l’Algarve - Portugal: un document de base pour la planification, gestion et conservation de la nature

This work was developed as part of PhD research devoted to the flora and vegetation of the Caldeirão and Monchique mountains that aims to identify the vegetation climatophilous series and use them as an environmental diagnosis of Algarve administrative province phyto-ecological subregions. Biogeographic and bioclimatic considerations are presented, as well as the study area pedological and lithological characterization. For each of the seven climatophilous series the dynamic and catenal behaviours, as well as the main characteristic plants that constitute the successional stages, are given. The corresponding patrimonial value is studied

Valor del recuento de eosinófilos como factor predictor de mortalidad en pacientes con peritonitis bacteriana secundaria generalizada en el hospital Belén de Trujillo

Determinar si el recuento de eosinófilos tiene valor como factor predictor de mortalidad en pacientes con peritonitis bacteriana secundaria generalizada en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo. Material y métodos: Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas, retrospectivo, observacional, en 121 pacientes con peritonitis secundaria generalizada. Se calcularon la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, negativo. Se aplicó el test de chi cuadrado y se determinó el área bajo la curva para el valor del recuento de eosinófilos Resultados: El promedio de edad, tiempo de enfermedad, creatinina sérica y leucocitos en sangre fueron significativamente superior en los pacientes con peritonitis bacteriana secundaria generalizada fallecidos en comparación con los sobrevivientes (p<0.05). La sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, negativo del recuento de eosinófilos en la predicción de mortalidad en peritonitis bacteriana secundaria generalizada fue de 81%; 90%; 71% y 94%. El mejor punto de corte del recuento de eosinófilos en la predicción de mortalidad en peritonitis bacteriana secundaria generalizada fue de 20 celulas por mm 3 . La exactitud pronóstica del recuento de eosinófilos en la predicción de mortalidad en peritonitis bacteriana secundaria generalizada fue de 86%. Conclusiones: El recuento de eosinófilos tiene valor como factor predictor de mortalidad en pacientes con peritonitis bacteriana secundaria generalizada en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo.To determine whether eosinophil counts have a value as a predictor of mortality in patients with generalized secondary bacterial peritonitis at Hospital Belén de Trujillo. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational, diagnostic study of 121 patients with generalized peritonitis secondary. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative. The chi square test was applied and the area under the curve was determined for the value of eosinophil count. Results: Mean age, time of disease, serum creatinine and blood leukocytes were significantly higher in patients with generalized secondary bacterial peritonitis deaths compared to survivors (p <0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive value of eosinophil count in the prediction of mortality in generalized secondary bacterial peritonitis was 81%; 90%; 71%; 94%. The best cutoff point for eosinophil count in predicting mortality in generalized secondary bacterial peritonitis was 20 cells per mm3. The predictive accuracy of eosinophil count in predicting mortality in generalized secondary bacterial peritonitis was 86%. Conclusions: The eosinophil count has a value as a predictor of mortality in patients with generalized secondary bacterial peritonitis at Hospital Belén de Trujillo

La casa

Si alguien me lo preguntara yo no sabría responder, ni siquiera aproximadamente,como ni cuando comenzó todo esto.  Es -no lo dudo-   una laguna, aunqueresulte difícil creerlo.  ¿Cómo podría haberlo olvidado?,  me pregunto a veces, y mearguyo yo mismo: ¿Es que alguna vez lo supe?  Entonces guardo silencio.  Digo quesilencio en un sentido metafórico ya que, en realidad, estoy callado desde hace muchoSolo que quiero, con esa palabra, señalar cierto estado interior en el cual lospensamientos como que se detienen para que el anonadamiento sea más profundo.En tales momentos me doy cuenta de que aunque no piense sigo, no obstante, existiendo,pero de una manera en la cual el vacio se ilumina y llega a ser terriblementeclaro, No más que en presente porque, como ya lo dije,  nunca he podido recordar,ni imaginar siquiera, como fue el origen.  Lo cierto es que he permanecido encerradoen esta casa un tiempo que yo me atrevería a calificar de inmemorial, aunque nosé, a ciencia cierta, si algún día podre 0 querré abandonarla. Así es

Analysis of the Cytisetea scopario-striati scrubs in the south-west-centre of the Iberian Peninsula

The statistical and phytosociological study of 255 relevés taken in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula and made up of our own samples and previous publications reveals how close these relevés, previously ascribed to different syntaxa, really are. Our re-arrangement of the data leads us to propose for the territory the 15 associations already published and three new ones, namely: Genisto floridae-Adenocarpetum argyrophylli ass. nova hoc loco, Cytisetum bourgaei- eriocarpi nova, Lavandulo viridis-Cytisetum striati ass. nova hoc. loco. We also suggest a name correction, Adenocarpo anisochili-Cytisetum scoparii J.C. Costa et al. 2000 corr., and a status change, namely, Ulici latebracteati- Cytisetum striati (Costa et al. 2000) status novo

Current state of the Prunetalia spinosae communities in the centre and south of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal)

This paper re-examines the Rhamno-Prunetea class in the centre and south of the Iberian Peninsula, especially in Andalusia. The paper also deals with the alliances Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii Lonicero-Berberidion hispanicae in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, and Berberidion vulgaris (Berberidenion seroi) in the area of Cuenca. Our analysis of 225 relevés arranged in 22 phytosociological tables helped us to re-organize the available information and subsequently propose three associations and two subassociations: Clematido vitalbae-Rosetum micranthae nova; Berberido hispanicae- Buxetum sempervirentis nova; Roso siculae-Berberidetum hispanicae Mota nova subas. prunetosum ramburii Mota nova; Lonicero arboreae-Rhamnetum cathartici Martínez-Parras and Molero 1983 subas. prunetosum ranburii nova. As a result of the study, a total of 18 syntaxa with the rank of association and four with the rank of subassociation are proposed for the south of the Iberian Peninsula

A new Erica lusitanica Rudolphi heathland association to the Iberian south-west

As result of several field trips following doctoral research in Marianic-Monchiquensean Sector, we describe a new heathland named Lavandulo viridis-Ericetum lusitanici ass nova hoc loco (Genistion micrantho-anglicae, Rivas- Martínez 1979) as a thermomediterranean to lower mesomediterranean, upper dry to humid, schistose association. The analysis of 11 relevés, following Braun-Blanquet methodology shows the floristic identity of this new association as well as the chorological segregation of its area of occurrence. Finally, despite these communities already being relatively well known and although they are poor in species number, such heathlands show floristic singularity and own sinecology, with a large and distinct geographical area of distribution, so we emphasized its integration within Atlantic wet heaths priority habitat (⁄4020 – Annex B-I from Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992)

New observational insights into the atmospheric circulation over the Euro‑Atlantic sector since 1685

Wind direction kept in ships’ logbooks is a consolidated but underexploited observational source of relevant climatic information. In this paper, we present four indices of the monthly frequency of wind direction, one for each cardinal direction: Northerly (NI), Easterly (EI), Southerly (SI) and Westerly (WI), based on daily wind direction observations taken aboard ships over the English Channel. These Directional Indices (DIs) are the longest observational record of atmospheric circulation to date at the daily scale, covering the 1685–2014 period. DIs anomalies are associated with near-surface climatic signals over large areas of Europe in all seasons, with zonal indices (WI and EI) and meridional indices (NI and SI) often afecting different regions. Statistical models including all DIs are able to explain a considerable amount of European climate variability, in most cases higher than that accounted for by the North Atlantic Oscillation. As such, the DIs are able to reproduce the known European climatic history and provide new insights of certain episodes from monthly to multi-decadal time scales such as the warm winter decade of 1730–1739 or the extremely cold 1902 summer. The DIs show the potential to better constrain the atmospheric circulation response to external forcings and its associated anomalies. In particular, we provide frst observational evidences of all year-round atmospheric circulation signals following the strongest tropical volcanic eruptions of the last three centuries. These signatures are more complex than previously thought and suggest that the well-reported winter warming and summer cooling cannot be simply interpreted in terms of changes in zonality