A comprehensive review and status of renewable resources and oil & gas under the supply and demand dynamics in the world

SPE Europec featured at 82nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition, EURO 2021 -- 18 October 2021 through 21 October 2021 -- -- 172792As major oil and gas companies have been investing in renewable energy, renewable energy has been part of the oil and gas industry in the last decade. Originally, renewables were seen as a competing form of energy source as a threat that may replace or decrease the share of fossil fuels as an alternative energy resource in the US and developed countries. However, oil and gas industry has adapted to the wind of change and has started investing and utilizing the renewable sources of energy significantly. In this perspective, this study investigates and outlines the latest advances, technologies, potential of renewables both as an alternative and a complementary source of energy in the world n the current supply and demand dynamics of oil and gas resources. A comprehensive literature review focusing on the recent developments and findings in the renewable resources along with the availability of the renewable energy and locations are outlined and discussed under the current dynamics of the oil and gas market and resources. Literature review includes a broad spectrum that spans from technical petroleum literature with very comprehensive research using SCOPUS database to non-technical but renowned resources including journals and other publications including raw data as well as forecasts and opinions of respected experts. The raw data and expert opinions are organized, summarized and outlined in a temporal way within its category for the respective energy source. Not only the facts and information are outlined for the individual type of energy resource but also the relationship between the forms of energy resources are discussed from a perspective of their roles either as a competing or a complementary source to oil and gas. In this sense, this study goes beyond only providing raw data or facts about the energy resources but also a thorough publication that provides the oil and gas industry professional with a clear image of the past, present and the expected near future of the oil and gas industry as it stands with respect to renewable energy resources. Among the few existing studies that shed light on the current status of the oil and gas industry facing the development of the renewable energy are up-to-date and the existing studies within SPE domain focus on facts only lacking the interrelationship between the individual form of renewable energy and oil and gas such as solar energy used in oil and gas fields as a complementary renewable energy. Copyright © 2021 Society of Petroleum Engineers

Optimization of smart well placement in waterfloods under geological uncertainty in intelligent fields

International Petroleum Technology Conference 2020, IPTC 2020 -- 13 January 2020 through 15 January 2020 -- -- 157334Latest technological developments and applications made optimal control methods usage in optimal well placement in intelligent fields practical and beneficial to increase the production. Effective usage of these methods strongly depends on the detailed evaluation of the economic view and performance in reservoirs that have high uncertainty, particularly. There are several methods of optimization of well placement ranging from classical reservoir engineering to derivative-free and hybrid methods. TNO's Olympus model used globally as a benchmark model in ISAAP-2 Challenge in used. Geological modeling software is coupled with the commercial full-physics reservoir simulator as well as the optimization software in order to produce different geological realizations to represent the geological uncertainty and run the simulation model with differing inputs of optimization and uncertainty in a loop. Results are outlined in detail in a comparative way including comparison to the previous study to illustrate the challenges and benefits of smart wells and optimization of placement of them in intelligent fields. Results indicate that classical reservoir engineering principles still prove useful in the beginning of the optimization process. Then, derivative-free and hybrid methods introduce significant improvement on economics. There are certain challenges in CPU requirements however the state-of-the-art facilities provided significant reduction in runtimes along with the help of the hybrid methods where proxies are built and used for faster runtimes. Despite higher initial capital expenses, smart wells provide significant advantages in recovery and economics compared to that of the conventional wells where these is less control on the production/injection at the layer level. Literature lacks a comprehensive study that takes into account the optimization of well placement in smart fields focusing on smart wells and the all major available methods for optimization. This study closes that gap providing a strong reference building on top of the previous study extending it to intelligent fields which are becoming very common and useful in oil and gas industry in conventional and unconventional applications. Copyright 2020, International Petroleum Technology Conference

Production Optimization Through Intelligent Multilateral Wells in Heavy Oil Fields via Electrical Heating

International Petroleum Technology Conference 2020, IPTC 2020 -- 13 January 2020 through 15 January 2020 -- -- 157334Electrical resistance heating provides key advantages over other thermal recovery methods in the recovery of heavy oil resources. These advantages include low upfront capital expenses, more control on the delivery of the heat spatially, easiness of permitting in environmentally sensitive areas as well as environmental and economic benefits due to lower carbon footprint. However, the recovery efficiency is relatively lower compared to more conventional methods such as CSS, steamflood and SAGD processes as it doesn't introduce a (pressure) drive mechanism and radius of impact is relatively small which may result in marginal economics.1 In this study, the application of electrical resistance heating on multilateral wells are studied in order to illustrate the enhanced physical and economic benefits of the method with the multilaterals.2 A comprehensive review of the technology with all the technical and economic details on the deployment of the electrical resistance heater is provided. A full-physics commercial reservoir simulator is utilized to model a benchmark model and it is coupled with a robust optimization and uncertainty tool to investigate the significance of the control and uncertainty variables in the system. Propagation of the heat, increased the radius of impact, production performance, energy input and economics are outlined in comparison to the base case where the horizontal well is modeled without the extra laterals. Production engineering and deployment aspects are all provided in detail, as well. Utilization of electrical resistance heaters on multilateral wells provides improved economics due to the increased recovery with the additional accessible reservoir volume for heating with the reduced cost of the additional laterals as opposed to the major cost of the main wellbore. The improved unit cost for the heater per foot also helps the economics, thus increased the radius of impact translates into better recovery at lower unit costs. Model inputs as well as the results including the production performances, significance of key parameters and economics, are outlined in a comparative manner. Electrical resistance heating is not a new process but has recently gained more attention due to the advances in the materials used providing better durability, however, the recovery process needs special designs that bring down the unit cost to make the projects feasible. This study provides a new approach in improving recovery in electrical resistance heating methods that may help to turn several potential marginal projects into projects with more favorable economics in a method which has a great potential in an industry becoming more environmentally sensitive. Copyright 2020, International Petroleum Technology Conference

Optimization of micellar-polymer drive in a stochastic reservoir [??????????? ???????????-??????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ???????]

SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference 2019, RPTC 2019 -- 22 October 2019 through 24 October 2019 -- -- 1570612-s2.0-85084166560Micellar - Polymer drive process is one of the effective, proven and widely used non-thermal EOR methods which classified under chemical flooding. The process is preferable in reservoirs that don't have enough aquifer assistance and also in depleted reservoirs. A successful micellar-polymer flooding operation can be enabled by having correct data of parameters like reservoir pressure, mineral types in the reservoir, phase behavior of microemulsions, reservoir temperature, salinity data, buffer stability, micellar slug, and concentrations of the surfactants. In this study, A comprehensive literature review regarding on above parameters studied with field case studies worldwide. A Micellar- polymer drive process is applied on a stochastic reservoir and the optimization of the case performed by considering the mechanisms and limitations of micellar-polymer drive process, selection and design criteria, as well as the phase behavior changes during the process to have the most effective residual oil recovery. Parameters that enables an optimal recovery is described and used as optimization parameters in a full-physics commercial reservoir simulator. Typical Injection sequence that includes water flooding, polymer injection, polymer drive, polymer taper and chase water is applied for selected time periods. Changes of Oil saturation, water viscosity, adsorbed fluid, surfactant and polymer adsorption is simulated by using the optimal values of selected optimization parameters. General solution results are given with the optimal solution and all compared with the base case. It clarified that the Micellar-polymer drive optimization maximizes cumulative oil recovery in a reservoir that has a stochastically generated permeability distribution. © 2019, Society of Petroleum Engineer

Advanced materials for geothermal energy applications

Usage of advanced materials and tools in geothermal energy applications become a trendy topic that captures a glance in the industry day by day. New technology materials such as fiber coatings, dressing materials and composites as well as new technology tools such as Distributed Temperature Sensing Systems and Distributed Thermal Perturbation Sensor allows an improved reservoir monitoring in harsh environments that have HTHP or high CO2 conditions. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing tools that could be attached to a carrier like an aircraft, drone or a satellite and enables to describe temperature anomalies in forests, seabed, and land also pave the way of a robust identification of geothermal sources and hot spring waters. Tracers determine hydraulic connectivity between wells an gives an idea about the reservoir volume. Advanced drilling fluids are advantageous due to their light weight, tough structure which resists to corrosion compared with conventional ones and the developments promising to evolve these fluids with nanotechnology in close future. Advanced cements that developed by the aim of providing perfect zonal isolation opened the way of developing various cement types such as; foam cements, phosphate bonded, self-healing, and CO2 resistant cements. Apart from exploration phase, many inventions and developments that ensures lower health and safety risks, lower operating and maintenance costs and increases the energy efficiency in heat transfer and energy conversion sections of geothermal industry were gained a place in the market.In this chapter of the book, latest advances in geothermal industry materials and applications as well as latest technology tools which are more beneficial and efficient compared with the conventional methods are investigated in details. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Sustainable Materials for Transitional and Alternative Energy

Sustainable Materials for Transitional and Alternative Energy, a new release in the Advanced Materials and Sensors for the Oil and Gas Industry series, comprises a list of processes across the energy industry coupled with the latest research involving advanced nanomaterials. Topics include green-based nanomaterials towards carbon capture, the importance of coal gasification in terms of fossil fuels and advanced materials utilized for fuel cells. Supplied from contributing experts in both academic and corporate backgrounds, the reference contains a precise balance on the developments, applications, advantages and challenges remaining. The book addresses real solutions as energy companies continue to deliver energy needs while lowering emissions. The oil and gas industry are shifting and implementing innovative ways to produce energy in an environmentally friendly way. One approach involves solutions developed using advanced materials and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials are delivering new alternatives for engineers making this a timely product for today’s market. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved