Petrophysical Analysis Based on Well Logging Data for Tight Carbonate Reservoir: The SADI Formation Case in Halfaya Oil Field

Carbonate reservoirs are an essential source of hydrocarbons worldwide, and their petrophysical properties play a crucial role in hydrocarbon production. Carbonate reservoirs' most critical petrophysical properties are porosity, permeability, and water saturation. A tight reservoir refers to a reservoir with low porosity and permeability, which means it is difficult for fluids to move from one side to another. This study's primary goal is to evaluate reservoir properties and lithological identification of the SADI Formation in the Halfaya oil field. It is considered one of Iraq's most significant oilfields, 35 km south of Amarah. The Sadi formation consists of four units: A, B1, B2, and B3. Sadi A was excluded as it was not filled with hydrocarbons. The structural and petrophysical models were built based on data gathered from five oil wells. The data from the available well logs, including RHOB, NPHI, SONIC, Gamma-ray, Caliper, and resistivity logs, was used to calculate the petrophysical properties. These logs were analyzed and corrected for environmental factors using IP V3.5 software. where the average formation water resistivity (Rw = 0.04), average mud filtrate resistivity (Rmf = 0.06), and Archie's parameters (m = 2, n = 1.9, and a = 1) were determined. The well-log data values calculated the porosity, permeability, water saturation, and net-to-gross thickness ratio (N/G)

Determination Of Rock Wettability By Using Capillary Rise Method

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2008Bu yüksek lisans laboratuar çalışmasında amaç, heterojen yapıdaki kayaçların ıslatımlılıklarının kılcal tüp yükselim yöntemi kullanılarak kontak(temas) açısı cinsinden saptanmasıdır. Ayrıca, çalışmada dinamik kontak açısı ölçümünde kullanılan Washburn denklemi ve bu denklemin kılcal tüp yükselim yöntemine uygunluğu incelenmiştir. Heterojen mineralojik yapıya sahip kayaç örneklerinin ıslatımlılık karakterlerinin analizini esas alan bu çalışmada, katı malzeme olarak, öğütülerek toz haline getirilmiş çeşitli kumtaşı ve kireçtaşı kayaç örnekleri ve bu örnekleri oluşturan temel saf maddeler olan kuvars ve kalsit mineralleri kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, kılcal tüpte yükselme sıvısı olarak su fazını temsil eden saf su, %2’lik NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, AlCl3 tuzlu su çözeltileri ile petrol fazını temsil eden gazyağı ve mineral yağ sıvıları kullanılarak, bu sıvıların numunelerin katı yüzeylerinde oluşturdukları temas açıları hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca; bu çalışmada, kılcal yükselim yönteminin toz haline getirilmiş saf mineraller ile heterojen yapıdaki kayaç örneklerine uygulanabilirliği ve bu örneklerin ıslatımlılıkları ile kontak açıları arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır.This study is an attempt to investigate the possibility of contact angle determination of wettability of heterogeneous rock matrix by capillary rise method applying the principle of contact angle. Application of the Washburn equation for dynamic measurement of contact angle and the method of Capillary Rise is revisited. The powdered samples of different sandstone and limestone rock samples and also their representative pure minerals such as quartz and calcite were used in this experimental work that was based on characterizing the wettability index of rocks with having heterogeneous mineralogical composition. Beside this, distilled water, 2% NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3 brines were used as a water phase, kerosene and mineral oil are used as an oil phase of wicking liquids, and contact angles of these liquids with respect to the solid sample surfaces were determined. Moreover, applicability of the Capillary rise method for contact angle determination of the heterogeneous rock samples and the relationship between wettability and the contact angle of these samples were discussed.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Review of wellbore flow modelling in CO2-bearing geothermal reservoirs

Geothermal energy is a reliable, environmentally friendly resource efficiently transformed to other energy forms without any storage. Therefore, it has taken the attention of many investors in recent years. The investments in developing new technological materials, tools, fluids and methods to obtain fluid and heat transfer from a geothermal reservoir open the way to increase the efficiency of the entire geothermal power generation cycle in the medium and long terms. The effectiveness of a geothermal production system is directly related to the sustainability of the reservoir and production wells. At this point, the presence of CO2 is crucial for the life of a geothermal well as it provides extra pressure and a lifting mechanism to geothermal fluids along the wellbore. Studies that compare the effect of CO2 in a geothermal reservoir are available in the literature. However, a comprehensive review study investigating the impact of water and CO2 interactions under dynamic wellbore flow conditions is missing. This study aims to be a reference guide to geothermal industry experts by performing a comprehensive literature review of studies about wellbore dynamics involving geothermal fluids' physical and thermodynamic behaviour during production and injection in the presence of CO2 along the wellbore. In this study, a detailed literature review about the theory, methodology, advantages and drawbacks, and the challenges of using CO2 in a geothermal system and the effects of having CO2/geothermal water interaction in the wellbore is given

Sizing of a solar-wind hybrid electric vehicle charging station by using HOMER software

Canbaz, Celal Hakan/0000-0001-8312-6941WOS:000595857000001Although, fossil fuels are still the main source that used to balance the global demand/supply dynamics of energy; most countries have embarked on a quest to reach a solution and started changing their direction from fossil resources (especially oil and gas) to other resources by creating new opportunities with a focus meeting the increasing energy demand by reducing it via energy efficiency. "Transportation" is one of the biggest items of global energy consumption with 24% usage percentage and most of this amount is supplied by conventional energy resources. However, worldwide supporting policies and regulations are positively affected the starting period of environment-friendly use of energy resources. It expedited the process of new technological developments that minimize waste, lower the level of air pollution caused by fossil fuel-powered internal combustion engines, conserve forests and decrease the emissions of greenhouse gases. Worldwide extension of "Electric Vehicle Development and Production" is one of the main concern of these regulations. However, increasing the number of electric vehicles also brings sustainability problems such as; supplying the electricity from renewable resources in an efficient and sustainable way, handling the electricity load on the grid, and establishment of new charging stations. Therefore, in this study a wind solar hybrid energy charging station designed and optimized via HOMER software. The sizing methodology is suitable to apply anywhere around the worldwide. The optimal solution for the hybrid system consists of 44.4% wind energy and 55.6% solar energy and the annual electricity production is 843150 kWh with the 0.064 $/kWh production cost. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Huff’n Puff EOR Optimization by using different cyclic gases in unconventional shales

Increasing global trend of unconventional production impelled the oil and gas companies to adapt the EOR mothods to unconventionals to increase the recovery. In this study, a deep review of cyclic gas (Natural Gas, CO2, N2) injection processes and the methodology to apply in unconventional shale reservoirs is described by investigating all the geological, petrophysical, production and reservoir engineering aspects. The significance of each uncertainty and control variable throughout the process is outlined. A full-physics commercial simulator is used to identify the significance of control variables, and also the level of uncertainty which are directly affecting the production and recovery functions. The challenges encountered during implementation of cyclic gas injection processes are outlined in order to provide a comprehensiveand practical implementation perspective rather than only theoretical or a simulation work. Besides, the theory, advantages, drawbacks, benefits are given in details. Results of real cases are being compared and matched with the simulation results. The study indicates the incremental advantages of appliying huff`n puff process in unconventional shale reservoirs by comparing the primary production performance with the performances of cyclic injection cases that uses various gases. Key factors that directly affect the reservoir, completion and operational attitudes are circumstantially given to technically handle a successful project in a feasible way. In the model, the objective function is built by considering the economic parameters to help NPV maximization in a realistic perspective. S-curves and tornado charts is used to visualize the results and illustrate the significance of parameters and ranges of the developed probabilistic economic model. The effect of huff`n puff method and how a successful cyclic injection gives better recovery and feasibility results is clearly shown. Petroleum literature includes several studies related to cyclic gas injection. However, these works are either only focus on the simulation/theoretical parts or only includes a case study that focuses reservoir/production analysis. This comprehensive study closes the gap aims to be a reference by including a deep look into details of the theory and combines it with real field cases and solutions by clearly describing the candidate selection, modeling, physical parameters/key factors, economics, and success stories