Genetic diversity in cultivated carioca common beans based on molecular marker analysis

A wide array of molecular markers has been used to investigate the genetic diversity among common bean species. However, the best combination of markers for studying such diversity among common bean cultivars has yet to be determined. Few reports have examined the genetic diversity of the carioca bean, commercially one of the most important common beans in Brazil. In this study, we examined the usefulness of two molecular marker systems (simple sequence repeats – SSRs and amplified fragment length polymorphisms – AFLPs) for assessing the genetic diversity of carioca beans. The amount of information provided by Roger’s modified genetic distance was used to analyze SSR data and Jaccards similarity coefficient was used for AFLP data. Seventy SSRs were polymorphic and 20 AFLP primer combinations produced 635 polymorphic bands. Molecular analysis showed that carioca genotypes were quite diverse. AFLPs revealed greater genetic differentiation and variation within the carioca genotypes (Gst = 98% and Fst = 0.83, respectively) than SSRs and provided better resolution for clustering the carioca genotypes. SSRs and AFLPs were both suitable for assessing the genetic diversity of Brazilian carioca genotypes since the number of markers used in each system provided a low coefficient of variation. However, fingerprint profiles were generated faster with AFLPs, making them a better choice for assessing genetic diversity in the carioca germplasm

Caracterização molecular e expressão heteróloga do alérgeno fosfolipase A1 do veneno de Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera; Vespidae)

Polybia paulista é uma vespa pertencente à ordem Hymenoptera muito comum no Sudeste do Brasil, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo. Os venenos destes insetos são constituídos por aminas, peptídeos, proteínas de alta massa molecular, sendo estas na sua maioria, enzimas. As fosfolipases são as enzimas de maior abundância entre os alérgenos de veneno dos Hymenoptera sociais, constituindo-se também no alérgeno de maior importância. A sequência completa de 985 pb do cDNA da fosfolipase A1 do veneno da vespa P. paulista foi determinada a partir da clonagem. A proteína deduzida por tradução apresentou 302 resíduos de aminoácidos, PI e MW teóricos de 9,1 e 33 kDa respectivamente. Por meio de ferramentas de bioinformática foi possível identificar o sítio ativo entre os resíduos 131 a 140 (10 aminoácidos) e inferir que se trata de uma proteína da super família das esterases lipases. O cDNA completo foi clonado em vetor de expressão pET-28a em cepas de Escherichia coli BL21–DE3. A PLA1-Rec com cauda de 6x Histidinas no N- terminal foi expressa na forma insolúvel em corpúsculos de inclusão por meio da indução com 1mM de IPTG à 20°C por 6 horas. A purificação foi realizada por cromatografia de afinidade em resina agarose-Ni+2 sob condições desnaturantes na presença de 8 M de uréia e a proteína eluida com tampão gradiente decrescente de pH. As análises de Western blotting revelaram a especificidade dos anticorpos policlonais produzidos em camundongos contra a fração eletroforética de PLA1 natural quando testados com o veneno bruto da própria vespa e com a PLA1- Rec de P. paulista. Além disto, estes anticorpos apresentaram imunoreatividade cruzada com o veneno bruto de outras vespas sociais testadas neste trabalho. Outras proteínas detectadas na membrana de nitrocelulose evidenciaram o reconhecimento dos...Polybia paulista is a wasp that belongs to the Hymenoptera order very common in southeastern Brazil, especially in São Paulo. The venoms of these insects are composed of amines, peptides, high weight molecular proteins, which are mainly enzymes. The phospholipase enzymes are the most abundant among the allergens of social Hymenoptera venom, and they are also the most important allergen. The complete sequence of 985 bp of phospholipase A1 cDNA from P. paulista venom was determined by cloning. The protein inferred by translation had 302 amino acid residues, PI and theoretical MW of 9.1 and 33 kDa respectively. By means of bioinformatics tools, it was possible to identify the active site between residues 131 to 140 (10 amino acids) and infer that it is a protein that belongs to esterases lipases super family. The complete cDNA was cloned into pET-28a expression vector in strains of BL21-DE3 Escherichia coli. The Rec-PLA1 with 6x histidine tail at the N-terminal was expressed in insoluble form in inclusion corpuscles by induction with 1mM IPTG at 20 ° C for 6 hours. The purification was performed by affinity chromatography on agarose-Ni+2 resin under denaturing conditions in the presence of 8 M urea and the protein eluted with decreasing pH gradient buffer. The Western blotting analyses revealed the specificity of polyclonal antibodies produced in mice against the electrophoretic fraction of natural PLA1 when tested with the crude venom of the wasp itself and with the PLA1- Rec of P. paulista. Besides these antibodies presented cross-immunoreactivity with the crude venom of other social wasps tested in this work. Other proteins detected in the nitrocellulose membrane showed the recognition of antibodies to other isoforms of phospholipase already described in the literature. Obtaining the recombinant form of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Reactivity of IgE to the allergen hyaluronidase from Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) venom

To date, there are no allergenic extracts or components available in Brazil to diagnosis and treatment of patients with venom allergy from social wasp (Vespidae Family; Polistinae Subfamily) despite of the great number of existing species. We evaluated the immunogenic potential of the Hyal recombinant protein (Pp-Hyal-rec) which was expressed in an insoluble form in comparison with the allergenic native protein (Pp-Hyal-nat) for recognition of immunoglobulin E (IgE).in the serum of allergic patients to venom of the endemic social wasp Polybia paulista from Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Hyal cDNA from the venom of the social wasp P. paulista (Pp-Hyal) (GI: 302201582) was cloned into the expression vector pET-28a in Escherichia coli DE3 (BL21) cells. Solubilization and purification of Pp-Hyal-rec from inclusion bodies were performed using Ni2+ affinity chromatography (Ni-NTA-Agarose) under denaturing conditions. Both the native (Pp-Hyal-nat) and the recombinant (Pp-Hyal-rec) purified allergens were used for Western blotting to assess the levels of Pp-Hyal-IgE specific in the serum of 10 patients exclusively reactive to the venom of the social wasp P. paulista. The immune sera specifically recognized the band corresponding to the Pp-Hyal-rec protein (40 kDa) at a higher intensity than the native allergen (39 kDa). The sera recognized other proteins in P. paulista crude venom extract to a lesser extent, likely corresponding to other venom allergens such as phospholipase (34 kDa), Antigen 5 (25 kDa), and proteases. The recognition pattern of the immune sera to the Pp-Hyal-rec allergen strongly suggests that this recombinant antigen could be used for developing a diagnostic allergy test as well as for specific immunotherapy (IT). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

The action of aminoguanidine on the liver of trained diabetic rats

Background: This study evaluated the effect of aminoguanidine on liver of diabetic rats subject to physical exercises using histological and histochemical techniques.Methods: The rats used in this study were divided into five groups: sedentary control, sedentary diabetic, trained diabetic, sedentary diabetic and treated with aminoguanidine, trained diabetic and treated with aminoguanidine.Results: The results showed no effect of aminoguanidine on the liver tissue, although there was improvement with exercise training showing cytological, morpho-histological and histochemical alterations in liver cells of animals from groups trained diabetic and/or treated diabetic compared to those individuals in the sedentary control and sedentary diabetic. These changes included: hepatocytes hypertrophy, presence and distribution of polysaccharides in the hepatocytes cytoplasm and, especially, congestion of the liver blood vessels.Conclusion: Our results suggest that aminoguanidine is not hepatotoxic, when used at dosage of 1 g/L for the treatment of diabetes complications, and confirmed that the practice of moderate physical exercise assuaged the damage caused by diabetes without the use of insulin. © 2013 e Nico et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Molecular cloning, expression and IgE-immunoreactivity of phospholipase A1, a major allergen from Polybia paulista (hymenoptera: vespidae) venom

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) is a clinically relevant social wasp that frequently causes stinging accidents in southeast Brazil. To date, diagnosis and specific immunotherapy (SIT) of allergy are based on the use of crude venom extracts. Produ1244452FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)2006/54799-6; 2014/13936- 7; 2009/51539-101197/ 10-DF

Hyaluronidase from the venom of the social wasp Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): Cloning, structural modeling, purification, and immunological analysis

In this study, we describe the cDNA cloning, sequencing, and 3-D structure of the allergen hyaluronidase from Polybia paulista venom (Pp-Hyal). Using a proteomic approach, the native form of Pp-Hyal was purified to homogeneity and used to produce a Pp-specific polyclonal antibody. The results revealed that Pp-Hyal can be classified as a glycosyl hydrolase and that the full-length Pp-Hyal cDNA (1315 bp; GI: 302201582) is similar (80-90%) to hyaluronidase from the venoms of endemic Northern wasp species. The isolated mature protein is comprised of 338 amino acids, with a theoretical pI of 8.77 and a molecular mass of 39,648.8 Da versus a pI of 8.13 and 43,277.0 Da indicated by MS. The Pp-Hyal 3D-structural model revealed a central core (α/β)7 barrel, two sulfide bonds (Cys 19-308 and Cys 185-197), and three putative glycosylation sites (Asn79, Asn187, and Asn325), two of which are also found in the rVes v 2 protein. Based on the model, residues Ser299, Asp107, and Glu109 interact with the substrate and potential epitopes (five conformational and seven linear) located at surface-exposed regions of the structure. Purified native Pp-Hyal showed high similarity (97%) with hyaluronidase from Polistes annularis venom (Q9U6V9). Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the specificity of the Pp-Hyal-specific antibody as it recognized the Pp-Hyal protein in both the purified fraction and P. paulista crude venom. No reaction was observed with the venoms of Apis mellifera, Solenopsis invicta, Agelaia pallipes pallipes, and Polistes lanio lanio, with the exception of immune cross-reactivity with venoms of the genus Polybia (sericea and ignobilis). Our results demonstrate cross-reactivity only between wasp venoms from the genus Polybia. The absence of cross-reactivity between the venoms of wasps and bees observed here is important because it allows identification of the insect responsible for sensitization, or at least of the phylogenetically closest insect, in order to facilitate effective immunotherapy in allergic patients. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd