Estudo eletromiografico dos musculos trapezio e deltoide em movimentos livres do ombro e braço

Orientadores: Mathias Vitti, Valdemar de FreitasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: As três porções dos músculos trapézio e deltóide direitos foram analisados eletromiograficamente, com a utilização de eletrodos de agulha, em 16 voluntários do sexo masculino, nos seguintes movimentos dos ombros: elevação, abaixamento, retração e protração; e do braço: abdução, adução, flexão, extensão, hiperextensão, circundução,oscilação pendular, rotação lateral e medial. Todas as porções dos dois músculos foram ativas na abdução, adução e circundução do braço; no último movimento a atividade foi crescente na fase de elevação e decrescente no abaixamento. A porção superior do trapézio foi ativa na elevação e abaixamento dos ombros; na flexão, extensão e na fase de flexão da oscilação pendular do braço. A porção média foi ativa na retração dos ombros, flexão, extensão, hiperextensão e na fase de hiperextensão da oscilação pendular do braço. A porção inferior foi ativa na retração dos ombros, flexão, extenção, hiperextensão e na fase de hiperextensão da oscilação pendular do braço. A porção anterior do deltóide foi ativa na fIexao, extensão e na fase de flexão da oscilação pendular do braço. A porção média foi ativa na flexão e extensão do braço e a posterior, na hiperextensão e na fase de hiperextensão da oscilação pendular do braçoAbstract: Each, of the three portions of the right trapezius and deltoid muscles of sixteen male volunteers were analysed eletromyographically, using.needle eletrodes, in the following movements: elevation, lowering, retraction, and protraction of the shoulders; and abduction, aduction, flexion, extension, hiperextension, circunduction, pendular oscilation, lateral and medial rotation of the arm. All portions of both muscles were active in arm abduction, aduction and circunduction. In the latter, the activity increased in the elevation phase and decreased in the lowering phase. The upper portion ot trapezius was active in the elevation and lowering of the shoulders, flexion, extension and flexion phase of the pendular oscilation of the arm. The middle portion showed activity in the retraction of the shoulders, flexion, extension, hiperextension and hiperextension phase of the pendular oscilation of the arm. The lower portion was active in the shoulders retraction, flexion, extension, hiperextension and hiperextension phase of the pendular oscilation of the arm. The anterior portion of deltoid was active in the flexion, extension and the flexion phase of the pendular oscilation of the arm. The middle portion showed activity in the flexion and extensio of the arm; the posterior one was, active in the hiperextension and the hiperextension phase of the pendular oscilation of the armMestradoAnatomiaMestre em Biologia Buco-Denta

Treinamento de força máxima x treinamento de potência: alterações no desempenho e adaptações morfológicas

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as alterações no desempenho de força máxima e as adaptações morfológicas decorrentes do treinamento de força máxima e de potência muscular. Quarenta sujeitos foram randomicamente divididos nos grupos treino de força (TF; 178,7 ± 4,3 cm; 75,2 ± 7,3 kg; 22,5 ± 3,8 anos), treino de potência (TP; 177,0 ± 5,9 cm; 76,0 ± 8,9 kg; 24,2 ± 4,1 anos), e controle (C; 178,9 ± 11,0 cm; 74,1 ± 9,6 kg; 24,1 ± 2,7 anos). Os sujeitos dos grupos TF e TP foram submetidos a oito semanas de treinamento, com três sessões semanais. O grupo TF realizou agachamento com cargas entre 60 e 95% de 1 RM, enquanto o grupo TP realizou agachamento com cargas entre 30 e 60% de 1 RM, com a maior velocidade possível. Foi avaliado o ganho de força máxima no teste de 1 RM no agachamento e a área de secção transversa das fibras tipo I, tipo IIa e tipo IIb pré- e pós-treinamento. Os grupos TF e TP aumentaram a força máxima após o período de treinamento (p ; 0,05). Houve um efeito principal de tempo para o aumento da área de secção transversa para todos os tipos de fibras (p ; 0.05). There was a main time effect for muscle cross sectional area for all fiber types (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the TF and the TP produced similar strength gains and muscle fiber hypertrophy after an 8-week training period

Efeito de diferentes doses de nandrolona associado ao treinamento de força sobre o perfil fenotípico e área de secção transversa do músculo de ratos

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND) associated with Strength Training (ST) on the phenotype of fibers and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into seven groups: control (CG) and the groups according to the dose of ND administered (0,1, 1, 2, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg). The ST consisted of water jumping with loads of 50-70% of their body mass, three times per week during five weeks. The association of ST with ND promoted a modulatory role on the muscle fiber types. There was a hypertrophy of fast twitch fibers (type II) as compared with slow twitch (type I). In conclusion, although the association of ST with ND increased muscle CSA and modified fiber phenotype, there was no additional effect of higher doses.O presente estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes doses de decanoato de nandrolona (DN) associado ao Treinamento de Força (TF) sobre o fenótipo de fibras e área de secção transversa (AST) do músculo extensor longo dos dedos (EDL) em ratos "Wistar". Os animais foram divididos em sete grupos: controle (GC) e grupos de acordo com a concentração de DN (0,1, 1, 2, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg) administrada intramuscular 3 vezes/semana. O TF consistiu de saltos em meio líquido (carga 50-70% do peso corporal) 3x/semana, durante cinco semanas. A associação do TF e DN promoveu ação modulatória sobre os tipos de fibras. Houve hipertrofia das fibras de contração rápida (tipo II) em comparação com as fibras de contração lenta (tipo I). Em conclusão, apesar da associação do TF com DN aumentar a AST muscular e alterar o fenótipo das fibras, não houve efeito gradual das doses mais altas

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Resistance training with excessive training load and insufficient recovery alters skeletal muscle mass-related protein expression

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a resistance training program with excessive training load and insufficient recovery time between bouts on muscle hypertrophy-and atrophy-related protein expression. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either a trained (TR, N = 9) or a sedentary (SE, N = 9) group. The TR group was subjected to a 12-week resistance training program with excessive training load and insufficient recovery between bouts that was designed to induce plantaris muscle atrophy. After the 12-week experiment, the plantaris muscle was collected to analyze the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fibers, and MAFbx, MyoD, myogenin, and IGF-I protein expression (Western blot). The CSA was reduced significantly (-17%, p <= 0.05) in the TR group compared with the SE group. Reciprocally, there was a significant (p <= 0.05) 20% increase in MAFbx protein expression, whereas the MyoD (-27%), myogenin (-29%), and IGF-I (-43%) protein levels decreased significantly (p <= 0.05) in the TR group compared with the SE group. In conclusion, our data indicated that muscle atrophy induced by resistance training with excessive training load and insufficient recovery was associated with upregulation of the MAFbx catabolic protein and downregulation of the MyoD, myogenin, and IGF-I anabolic proteins. These findings suggest that quantitative analysis of these proteins can be important and complementary with other biochemical markers to confirm a possible overtraining diagnosis.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Myosin heavy chain expression and atrophy in rat skeletal muscle during transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression and atrophy in rat skeletal muscle are observed during transition from cardiac hypertrophy to chronic heart failure (CHF) induced by aortic stenosis (AS). AS and control animals were studied 12 and 18 weeks after surgery and when overt CHF had developed in AS animals, 28 weeks after the surgery. The following parameters were studied in the soleus muscle: muscle atrophy index (soleus weight/body weight), muscle fibre diameter and frequency and MHC expression. AS animals presented decreases in both MHC1 and type I fibres and increases in both MHC2a and type IIa fibres during late cardiac hypertrophy and CHF. Type IIa fibre atrophy occurred during CHF. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that skeletal muscle phenotype changes occur in both late cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure; this suggests that attention should be given to the fact that skeletal muscle phenotype changes occur prior to overt heart failure symptoms

Down-regulation of MyoD gene expression in rat diaphragm muscle with heart failure

Diaphragm myopathy has been described in patients with heart failure (HF), with alterations in myosin heavy chains (MHC) expression. The pathways that regulate MHC expression during HF have not been described, and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) may be involved. The purpose of this investigation was to determine MRF mRNA expression levels in the diaphragm. Diaphragm muscle from both HF and control Wistar rats was studied when overt HF had developed, 22 days after monocrotaline administration. MyoD, myogenin and MRF4 gene expression were determined by RT-PCR and MHC isoforms by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Heart failure animals presented decreased MHC IIa/IIx protein isoform and MyoD gene expression, without altering MHC I, IIb, myogenin and MRF4. Our results show that in HF, MyoD is selectively down-regulated, which might be associated with alterations in MHC IIa/IIx content. These changes are likely to contribute to the diaphragm myopathy caused by HF

Efeito de diferentes doses de nandrolona associado ao treinamento de força sobre o perfil fenotípico e área de secção transversa do músculo de ratos Effect of different doses of nandrolone associated with resistance training on muscle phenotypic profi le and cross-sectional area of rats

O presente estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes doses de decanoato de nandrolona (DN) associado ao Treinamento de Força (TF) sobre o fenótipo de fibras e área de secção transversa (AST) do músculo extensor longo dos dedos (EDL) em ratos "Wistar". Os animais foram divididos em sete grupos: controle (GC) e grupos de acordo com a concentração de DN (0,1, 1, 2, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg) administrada intramuscular 3 vezes/semana. O TF consistiu de saltos em meio líquido (carga 50-70% do peso corporal) 3x/semana, durante cinco semanas. A associação do TF e DN promoveu ação modulatória sobre os tipos de fibras. Houve hipertrofia das fibras de contração rápida (tipo II) em comparação com as fibras de contração lenta (tipo I). Em conclusão, apesar da associação do TF com DN aumentar a AST muscular e alterar o fenótipo das fibras, não houve efeito gradual das doses mais altas.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND) associated with Strength Training (ST) on the phenotype of fibers and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into seven groups: control (CG) and the groups according to the dose of ND administered (0,1, 1, 2, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg). The ST consisted of water jumping with loads of 50-70% of their body mass, three times per week during five weeks. The association of ST with ND promoted a modulatory role on the muscle fiber types. There was a hypertrophy of fast twitch fibers (type II) as compared with slow twitch (type I). In conclusion, although the association of ST with ND increased muscle CSA and modified fiber phenotype, there was no additional effect of higher doses

Effect of different doses of nandrolone associated with resistance training on muscle phenotypic profi le and cross-sectional area of rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND) associated with Strength Training (ST) on the phenotype of fibers and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into seven groups: control (CG) and the groups according to the dose of ND administered (0,1, 1, 2, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg). The ST consisted of water jumping with loads of 50-70% of their body mass, three times per week during five weeks. The association of ST with ND promoted a modulatory role on the muscle fiber types. There was a hypertrophy of fast twitch fibers (type II) as compared with slow twitch (type I). In conclusion, although the association of ST with ND increased muscle CSA and modified fiber phenotype, there was no additional effect of higher doses.O presente estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes doses de decanoato de nandrolona (DN) associado ao Treinamento de Força (TF) sobre o fenótipo de fibras e área de secção transversa (AST) do músculo extensor longo dos dedos (EDL) em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram divididos em sete grupos: controle (GC) e grupos de acordo com a concentração de DN (0,1, 1, 2, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg) administrada intramuscular 3 vezes/semana. O TF consistiu de saltos em meio líquido (carga 50-70% do peso corporal) 3x/semana, durante cinco semanas. A associação do TF e DN promoveu ação modulatória sobre os tipos de fibras. Houve hipertrofia das fibras de contração rápida (tipo II) em comparação com as fibras de contração lenta (tipo I). Em conclusão, apesar da associação do TF com DN aumentar a AST muscular e alterar o fenótipo das fibras, não houve efeito gradual das doses mais altas.8390Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq