Evolution of complexity following a quantum quench in free field theory

Using a recent proposal of circuit complexity in quantum field theories introduced by Jefferson and Myers, we compute the time evolution of the complexity following a smooth mass quench characterized by a time scale $\delta t$ in a free scalar field theory. We show that the dynamics has two distinct phases, namely an early regime of approximately linear evolution followed by a saturation phase characterized by oscillations around a mean value. The behavior is similar to previous conjectures for the complexity growth in chaotic and holographic systems, although here we have found that the complexity may grow or decrease depending on whether the quench increases or decreases the mass, and also that the time scale for saturation of the complexity is of order $\delta t$ (not parametrically larger).Comment: V2: added references, new plots, and improved discussion of results on Section 5, V3: Few minor corrections. Published versio

Momentum-space entanglement after smooth quenches

We compute the total amount of entanglement produced between momentum modes at late times after a smooth mass quench in free bosonic and fermionic quantum field theories. The entanglement and R\'enyi entropies are obtained in closed form as a function of the parameters characterizing the quench protocol. For bosons, we show that the entanglement production is more significant for light modes and for fast quenches. In particular, infinitely slow or adiabatic quenches do not produce any entanglement. Depending on the quench profile, the decrease as a function of the quench rate $\delta t$ can be either monotonic or oscillating. In the fermionic case the situation is subtle and there is a critical value for the quench amplitude above which this behavior is changed and the entropies become peaked at intermediate values of momentum and of the quench rate. We also show that the results agree with the predictions of a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble and obtain explicitly its parameters in terms of the quench data.Comment: 24 pages, 8 Figures; V2 matches published versio

The history science contributions to the comprehension of educational public policies: an analysis of the Support Program to the Plans for Restructuring and Expanding Federal Universities (REUNI) - 2008-2012

This article aims to present the results of an analysis of the Support Program to the Plans for Restructuring and Expanding Federal Universities (REUNI). This program has been conducted as a stage in the ‘reforming background’ of Brazilian federal universities, considering the the mid-1980s. The REUNI proposal considers the incentive for a curricular innovation on the degree courses as the main program element. It’s focused to comprehend which contemporary society needs resulted in a necessity of reforms in the Brazilian federal universities. We aim to demonstrate how a historical approach may contribute to the comprehension of educational public policies. Methodologically, the research is being conducted through the analysis of the narratives of meaning concerning to the reform. The results of the research intend to demonstrate that the success of REUNI has been constrained to the ability of its proposal to disrupt the tradition of professional training at federal universities.O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma análise do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (REUNI). Este programa está sendo estudado como uma etapa no contexto de reforma nas universidades federais brasileiras, pensada desde meados dos anos 1980. Na proposta do REUNI, a indução da inovação curricular nos cursos de graduação é considerada como o elemento de maior relevância do programa. Busca compreender quais carências de orientação da sociedade contemporânea levaram à necessidade de reformas nas universidades federais brasileiras. Objetivamos demonstrar como uma abordagem histórica pode contribuir para a compreensão de políticas públicas educacionais. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa está sendo conduzida pela análise das narrativas de sentido em torno da reforma. Os resultados da pesquisa pretendem demonstrar que o sucesso do REUNI foi condicionado à capacidade de sua proposta romper com a tradição de formação profissional das universidades federais

Influence of water and nutrients on cork oak radial growth – looking for an efficient fertirrigation regime

The widespread cork oak (Quercus suber L.) mortality and reduced afforestation /regeneration are causing an overall reduction in cork production. To enhance trees’ growth and vitality, afforestation techniques using fertirrigation were tested. The main objective was the promotion of trees’ growth on new dense plantations using minimum water requirements until reaching productive forests. The experimental plot – Irricork – was installed in 2017 in a ≈1 ha stand with 14 years’ age cork oaks summer-fertirrigated since plantation. Four fertirrigation treatments were applied during fertirrigation campaigns. Radial growth, meteorological parameters and fertirrigation volume were measured every 15–30 days over four years. It was observed that weather, tree size, debarking and trees’ intra-competition had a significant effect on radial increments. Fertirrigation significantly enhanced growth during summer drought and decoupled increments from air vapor pressure deficit constraints. There was a linear relationship between trees’ radial increments and fertirrigation volume up to 140 m3 week–1. Above this value, increments were smoother. In conclusion, summer fertirrigation of 140 m3 week–1 efficiently enhanced the radial growth of trees with 50–75 circumference at breast height, under the particular edaphoclimatic conditions of the stand. This study showed to be, therefore, promising in the use of efficient fertirrigation the enhance cork oaks’ radial growth.This work was funded by a contract-partnership between Amorim Florestal, Casa Agrícola da Herdade do Conqueiro and University of Évora; by the Rural Development Program for Operational Groups by PDR2020-101-FEADER-031427 “GO-RegaCork”, by Regacork-TraDE Project—ALT20-03-0246-FEDER-000061 and by National Funds through FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology under the Projects UID/AGR/00115/2019 and UIDB/05183/2020

Análise da suscetibilidade de movimentos gravitacionais de massa em trecho TAV com uso de SIG

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (especialização)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, 2013.A Lei 12.608, de abril de 2012, foi promulgada para fortalecer a política nacional de redução de riscos e resposta a desastres naturais, através da instituição da Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil – PNPDEC. O texto da lei prevê que as cartas de suscetibilidade, cartas geotécnicas de aptidão urbana e cartas de risco passam a representar instrumentos de prevenção de riscos e gestão municipal. Desta maneira, a cartografia geotécnica no Brasil ganhou extrema importância e cabe à comunidade científica o desenvolvimento e a discussão de técnicas e metodologias de mapeamento geotécnico e de risco que possam ser aplicadas para o planejamento territorial chegando até os planejadores e gestores. A área de estudo localiza-se no trecho do projeto TAV - Brasil, que passa pelos municípios de Cachoeira Paulista-SP e Resende-RJ, na região do Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul está inserida entre a Serra da Mantiqueira, chegando até aproximadamente 2000m de altitude, e na porção sudeste da área está a Serra da Bocaina. No presente trabalho foi realizada uma avaliação da susceptibilidade de movimentos gravitacionais de massa (MGM), para este trecho do TAV, por meio de imagens orbitais e do modelo digital de terreno (MDT). A partir deles foram gerados mapas de declividade, hipsométrico e outros, dos quais foi obtida a avaliação de susceptibilidade de ocorrência de movimentos gravitacionais de massa para a região de interesse. Assim, a área deste trabalho que possui maior risco de ocorrência de MGM é a região composta pelas Serras da Mantiqueira e Bocaina, além da região denominada de mar de morros, porém elas não atrapalham o traçado neste trecho da ferrovia, devendo ser adotadas medidas para não ocorrerem MGM que possam interferir na atividade desse empreendimento.The Act 12.608, April 2012, was enacted to strengthen the national policy for risk reduction and disaster response, through the establishment of the National Civil Protection and Defense. The text of the Law provides that maps of susceptibility, geotechnical maps of urban fitness and risk maps will represent tools for risk prevention and municipal management. Thus, the engineering geological mapping in Brazil gained extreme importance for the scientific community and the development and discussion of techniques and methodologies for mapping and geotechnical risk that can be applied to territorial planning coming to planners and managers. The study area is located in stretch of the TAV - Brazil project, which passes through the municipalities of Cachoeira Paulista-SP and Resende-RJ, in the valley region of the Paraíba do Sul river. It is inserted between the Serra da Mantiqueira, reaching approximately 2000 m altitude and in the southeastern portion of the area is the Serra da Bocaina. In the present work, an assessment of the susceptibility of gravitational mass movements, for this stretch of TAV through satellite images and digital terrain model was performed. From these maps slope, hypsometric and others, including the evaluation of susceptibility to occurrence of gravitational movement of the mass region of interest was obtained. Therefore, the area of this work which has higher risk of MGM is the region composed of the Serra da Mantiqueira and Bocaina, beyond the region called the sea of hills, but they do not disturb the stretch in this part of the railroad, measures should be adopted for the gravitacional mass movement cannot interfere with the activity

A Guerra do Golfo

The article analyzes the 1991 Gulf War under a strategic view. Three explanations are shown as the major reason for the US victory in this conflict. The conclusion disproves that the aftermath of the revolution in military affairs turned obsolete the less technological armed forces. Traditional aspects of warfare and downgraded hardware have been prettyeffective. The paper makes an unorthodox appraisal of the US military capability currently.O artigo analisa a Guerra do Golfo, de 1991, sob enfoque estratégico. Três explicações são arroladas como razão maior para a vitória estadunidense nesse conflito. A conclusão desmente que a suposta revolução nos assuntos militares tenha tornado obsoletas as forças militares defasadas. Aspectos tradicionais do fazer a guerra e engenhos bélicos não tãotecnológicos foram plenamente efetivos. O trabalho tem apreciação bem diversa da capacidade militar dos Estados Unidos na atualidade

Desejo e fetiche na publicidade utilização de forma implícita na mídia impressa

Esse trabalho verifica como o desejo e o fetiche são utilizados na mídia, em especial na publicidade impressa. Entre tantas técnicas de criação existentes no universo da comunicação, foi escolhida para ser alvo desse estudo, a inserção implícita de desejo e fetiche em peças de comunicação, por ser uma técnica intrigante, bastante explorada, mas com escasso material acerca do tema. Neste trabalho, é realizada uma abordagem sobre desejos e fetiches, de acordo com autores como Freud e Edgar Morin, e especialistas como Valerie Stelle e Giuliano Moreti. É feita também, uma diferenciação dos termos com o verbete pornografia, além de comentários sobre peças gráficas a fim de ilustrar o tema

Physiological analysis of responses of lateral branching of the primary root for tolerance to phosphorus stress and drought in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is essential to the food security of millions of people in developing nations. However, inadequate precipitation and low soil fertility, mainly phosphorus (P) deficiency, tend to limit its production in smallholder systems. Drought stress severely restricts root growth, binding the capacity of soil water exploration in deep horizons, while phosphorus (P) limitation increases the root capacity of foraging for nutrients in the top soil. Therefore, the development of traits associated with drought resistance and phosphorus stress will contribute to common bean improvement for lines suited for these environments. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the physiological response of lateral branching of the primary roots for tolerance to low phosphorus and drought stress in the common bean. To achieve this, pot and field experiments were established at the Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique (IIAM) - Chókwè Research Station to: (1) determine the effect of drought stress on crop performance at different bean growth stages in the field and pot trials, (2) evaluate phosphorus use efficiency on grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) and P concentration in the plant tissues of selected genotypes in a pot study, and (3) assess the contribution of root phenes to shoot biomass and grain yield under combined stress (drought and low P) in the field and pot study. Eight genotypes were tested for shoot biomass, root biomass, shoot P concentration and uptake assessment in the pot study. For the field experiments, a total of 24 bean lines were used to assess phenology, yield components and total yield per unit. All pot studies were set using a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with four replications. The first study had two levels of water (water stress and irrigated- no water stress); while the second study had two treatments combining phosphorus levels x genotypes, grown in a system of stratified phosphorus, 0.025 g P kg−1of soil as low rate and 0.2 g P kg−1 of soil as high P rate. The last pot experiment combined both water and phosphorus levels and, in all cases, eight genotypes were tested. The field experiment was set as a split plot design with four replications for the drought and phosphorus studies, while for the combined study it was set as a splitsplit plot. Water stress lowered substantially the leaf relative water content, leaf water potential and all growth parameters in the pot experiment, decreasing shoot biomass by 47%, leaflet growth rates by 49% and number of leaflets by 53%. In spite of significant reduction, these variables were highly and positively correlated, and can be recommended for early selection of genotypes grown under limited water conditions. Phosphorus levels also significantly affected shoot and root biomass, shoot phosphorus concentration, phosphorus uptake and phosphorus leachate under high P levels. However, genotypes responded differently to phosphorus levels in term of root biomass, shoot biomass and P uptake; genotypes BFS 81, SEQ342-87 and IBC 301-204 performing better in terms of root and shoot biomass as well as P uptake. These genotypes can be recommended for early selection under low soil fertility, especially in soils with P deficiency. Under field conditions, drought stress had a significant effect (p<0.05) on yield components. Among all the genotypes evaluated, SEF 16, SX 14825- 7-1, TARS MST-1, SEN 52, BRT103- 182, FBN1211-66, IBC 301-204, SER 125 and MHR 311-17 were the most adapted and showed the best yield performances under drought stress, and therefore can be incorporated in breeding programs particularly in drought prone areas. Meanwhile, high phosphorus treatment significantly increased all yield components (pods per plant, 100- seed weight, and grain yield), and variability among genotypes was also observed for yield and yield components. Based on the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI), 10 bean lines out of the 24 were categorized as P use efficient genotypes and therefore, they can be used in phosphorus deficient soils as well as crop improvement program. Grain yield from field data under drought stress and low P were positively correlated with the pot data on root traits. Response of root phene to drought and phosphorus stress appeared to be related to the phenotype traits of water stress and P use efficiency (that is, deep and shallow rooted systems, respectively). Deeper rooted genotypes produced more total root biomass, high taproot lateral branching density, which resulted in high total root length under drought and low P stress. On the other hand, shallow rooted genotypes allocated relatively low total root biomass and less allocation of taproot lateral branching. Increase in shoot biomass and seed yield in drought and low P stress was associated with higher mean values of taproot lateral branching density and total taproot length. Genotypes SER 125, BFS 81, FBN12111-66 and MER 22 11-28 showed greater score of taproots branching density in the pot study with the highest grain yield in the field under low P and drought stress. Therefore, these genotypes can be used in phosphorus deficient soils and drought stress environments or serve as parents for improving phosphorus use efficiency and drought tolerance in common bean. An increased total taproot lateral branching and length observed under stressful conditions (drought stress), contributed for plant performance, and could be considered as an important trait for selecting cultivars. Although no previous study has explicitly explored the utility of taproot lateral length and lateral branching for plant performance under edaphic stress, results from the present study suggest that an increased taproot lateral branching and length provide benefits under multiple environments. Genotypes that exhibited higher scores of taproot lateral branching in the field such as SER 125, BFS 81, FBN12111- 66 and MER 22 11-28, combining with higher grain yield under low P and drought were ranked as deeper rooted and suited to environments where water is limiting. In contrast, genotypes INB 814, SEN52, BIOF 2-06 and SEQ342-87 had relatively low scores of tap root branching density, but with better yield under low P and drought, and were classified as shallow rooted and suited to environments where P is limiting. Keywords: common bean, taproot lateral branching, drought, phosphorus use efficien

O Processo de Bolonha e o REUNI: análise da mobilidade estudantil na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (2008-2012)

The aims of this research project are to analyze the student mobility in the political thoughts of the Reforming University in Europe considering the Bologna process and to understand the interpretation and adaptation of this theme in Brazil from the Brazilian university reform proposed by the REUNI, regarding to the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, from 2008 to 2012. In theoretical and methodological terms this research will be managed from the assumption of the Collingwood's linguistic contextualism approach and the New Political History.O presente projeto de pesquisa tem por objetivos analisar a mobilidade estudantil no discurso político da Reforma da Universidade na Europa a partir do Processo de Bolonha e compreender a interpretação e a adaptação desta temática no Brasil a partir da reforma da universidade brasileira proposta pelo REUNI, no que se refere à Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, no período de 2008 a 2012. Em termos teórico-metodológicos a pesquisa será conduzida a partir dos pressupostos do contextualismo linguístico de corte collingwoodiano e da Nova História Política